初一第四讲阅读专题之对比手法的掌握

星火教育一对一辅导教案

学生姓名性别年级初二学科语文

授课教师田伶俐上课时间年月日第（）次课

共（）次课

课时：3课时

教学课题初一第四讲阅读专题之对比手法

教学目标1、阅读理解专题之掌握对比手法。

2、在练习中提高学生的识字和词语运用能力。

3、引领学生熟适中考阅读的难度以及常考的题型。

教学重点与难点重点：读懂相应的阅读材料。

难点：识记相关解题技巧并熟练运用。

教学过程：

一、基础知识

1.根据拼音写汉字，给加点字注音（8分）

妇rú（）皆知义愤填yīng（）鞠躬尽cuì（） pán（）石

jiǒng （）乎不同 hè( )然 chóu( )划呕心lì( )血

鲜．（）为人知锲．（）而不舍筹．（）划深邃．（）仰mù（）2.下列各组词语书写准确无误的一项是（）（1分）

A．马革果尸妇儒皆知心会神凝彷徨

B．感情震荡燕然勒功零乱不堪徙劳

C．一拍即合当之无愧惹人注目磐石

D．和爱可亲死而后己无瑕顾及滑稽

3.根据语句内容，选择恰当的一项（）（1分）

今天在此追悼李公朴、闻一多先生，时局极端险恶，。但此时此地，有何话可说? 我谨以最虔诚的信念，向殉难者献誓：心未死，，和平可期，杀人者必覆灭。

A人民无比沉痛志不绝争取民主 B人心异常悲愤意志紧民主自由

C人生生活痛苦斗志昂民主有望 D人心异常悲愤志不绝民主有望

4．下列说法中与课文内容不符的一项是( )。（1分）

A. 《闻一多先生的说和做》选自《人民日报》，作者臧克家，是我国现代著名诗人，主要作品有《烙印》

《桔红》等。

B. 贝多芬是德国作曲家、钢琴家，也是世界著名的音乐家，其代表作有《田园交响曲》《命运交响曲》。

C. 莫泊桑在着力刻画四位著名作家形象时，插入一些抒情和议论，其作用是让渎者更深刻地认识四位作

家，有助于提示人物的性格特征。

D. 《孙权劝学》节选自南宋政治家、史学家司马光编的《资治通鉴》。

5．用下列哪一句话概括《福楼拜家的星期天》更合适( ) （1分）

A．近朱者赤，近墨者黑 B.物以类聚，人以群分

C．谈笑有鸿儒，往来无白丁 D．曲高和寡

6.下列句子中加点成语使用有误的一项是（）（1分）

A. 虽然你现在只是涓涓细流，然而只要锲而不舍，终会拥抱大海。

B. 二战中日军恶贯满盈，家喻户晓。

C. 纵然马革裹尸，魂归狼烟，这是豪壮的选择。

D. 奥本海默是一个拔尖的人物，锋芒毕露。

7.下列句子没有语病的一句是（）（1分）

A．能否刻苦钻研是提高学习成绩的关键。

B．增加质量是语文教学改革的当务之急。

C．我们没有理由不珍惜今天的幸福生活。

D．当外国友人来杭州时，受到了杭州人民的热烈欢迎。

8.填空：（1分）

锲而不舍，。鞠躬尽瘁，。

9. 仿照例句将句子补充完整：（2分）

例：他诚然孤独，可是有“永恒”为伴。

他也许 _，但有 _的烦恼。

10.根据所给的典故猜成语：①（）②（）（1分）

①《论语?子路》中有：“子曰：无欲速，无见小利。欲速则不达；见小利，则大事不成。”

②《资治通鉴?唐玄宗天宝元年》中说：“世谓李林甫，口有蜜，腹有剑。”

11.《三国演义》里东吴四大将领是、、、、。（2分）

二、阅读专题之对比手法

【知识梳理】

对比：是把正反两个事物或一个事物相对的两个方面放在一起对照比较的一种修辞手法。

例如：①先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐。

②朱门酒肉臭,路有冻死骨。

作用：把两种对应的事物对照比较，突出强调了……的……特点，使形象更鲜明，感受更强烈。

答题格式：运用对比手法，把（）和（）进行对比，突出了＋对象＋特性。

例题分析：比较句子，说说其表达效果。

（1）范进因没有盘费，走去同丈人商议，被胡屠户一口啐在脸上，骂了一个狗血喷头道：“不要失了你的时了！你自己只觉得中了一个相公，就‘癞虾蟆想吃起天鹅肉’来！……”

（2）胡屠户道：“我那里还杀猪！有我这贤婿，还怕后半世靠不着也怎的？我每常说，我的这个贤婿，才学又高，品貌又好，就是城里头那张府、周府这些老爷，也没有我女婿这样一个体面的相貌……”

参考答案：胡屠户在范进中举前后截然不同的两种态度形成鲜明的对比，突出胡屠户的前倨后恭、欺贫爱富、趋炎附势的典型市侩的性格。

【典例讲解】

课内阅读

①奥本海默和邓稼先分别是美国和中国原子弹设计的领导人，各是两国的功臣，可是他们的性格和为人却截然不同——甚至可以说他们走向了两个相反的极端。

②奥本海默是一个拔尖人物，锋芒毕露。他二十几岁的时候在德国哥廷根镇做波恩的研究生。波恩在他晚年所写的传记中说研究生奥本海默常常在别人做学术报告时（包括波恩做学术报告时）打断报告……我认识奥本海默时他已四十多岁了，已经是妇孺皆知的人物了，打断别人的报告，使演讲者难堪的事仍然时有发生。不过比起以前要少一些。佩服他，仰慕他的人很多，不喜欢他的人也不少。

③邓稼先则是一个最不要引人注目的人物。和他谈话几分钟，就看出他是忠厚平实的人。他真诚坦白，从不骄人。他没有小心眼儿，一生喜欢“纯”字所代表的品格。在我所认识的知识分子当中，包括中国人和外国人，他是最有中国农民的朴实气质的人。

④我想邓稼先的气质和品格是他所以能成功地领导各阶层许许多多工作者，为中华民族作了历史性贡献的原因，人们知道他没有私心，人们绝对相信他。

……

⑤邓稼先是中国几千年传统文化所孕育出来的有最高奉献精神的儿子。邓稼先是中国共产党的理想党员。

⑥我以为邓稼先如果是美国人，不可能成功地领导美国原子弹工程；奥本海默如果是中国人，也不可能成功地领导中国原子弹工程。当初选聘他们的人，钱三强和葛罗夫斯，可谓真正有知人之明，而且对中国社会、

美国社会各有深入的认识。

1.邓稼先和奥本海默相同的地方是（用文中的原话回答）：

（2分）2.文章表现了奥本海默的性格和为人；表现了邓稼先性格和为人。（ 2分）

3.邓稼先和奥本海默的性格和为人截然不同的原因除了他们自身的因素外，重要的原因是？（2分）

4.文章主要运用了的手法，这样写的作用是（2分）

【巩固提升】

（一）阳光的疤痕

⑴有乡村生活经历的人，印象最深的莫过于阳光。这阳光是那么真切，离开乡村多年，只要一想起，背上仍残留着一种阳光暴晒留下的辣痛。夏历六七月间是收割稻子的时候，天气特别炎热。天未亮，蝉就在房前屋后喊起热来，不到上午九点，树叶就耷拉下来，叶子皱巴巴的，像被什么揉皱了，如果树会出声，大概会毫不顾忌地喊出痛来。土埕上的石凳已经被太阳捂得发烫，树荫下狗伸出舌头淌汗，湿湿的，仿佛苍苔上拧出的那种。

⑵从５点多起床干到这时，我早就腰酸腿软，晒了几个钟头的太阳，我的背部仿佛被什么动物的利爪挠过一般，热辣辣地疼。回家吃早饭，我扒拉几口就再也吃不下，只一杯接一杯地灌冷开水，直到肚子发胀，还觉得口干舌燥。我想对父亲讲让自己歇一会儿，但看着他黝黑脸上如小泉潺潺的汗水，我把冒出来的话连同唾沫都咽进肚里，提着镰刀跟在父亲的背后又上田去了。

⑶九点的阳光将父亲的身影拉得很长，我与父亲的距离只有两三步路，有好几次，我的影子与父亲并肩而行了。但当我回过头，发现父亲的身影黑黝黝的，仿佛一个看不见底的深井，有好几次我的步伐动摇了，我想：也许我再向前几步，我就会重复父亲的命运，踩在父亲的影子上。说实在的，我当时感觉一种深陷的、无法摆脱的恐慌和悲哀。

⑷父亲没有回头，也许他的眼中只有那波浪起伏的稻谷。他背上的汗水和那个少年的我的脸上的汗水淋漓的流在我多年之后的记忆中。

⑸刚才还是明晃晃的太阳，此时变成一个大得可怕的白炽灯，我再也不敢抬头与之对视。走进稻田，刚弯腰，炎热的阳光早已透过沾在背上的衣服扎进肌肤。起初尖细如麦芒，后来如荆棘上的尖刺，临近中午，阳光如一些细小的针尖，密密麻麻地扎进每一寸呈给太阳的肌肤。背部的温度由热、炎热到灼热渐次升高，直到觉得自己快要燃烧一般。汗水淋漓地流出，后来就没有了，被太阳“蒸”干了，抬头看父亲的背影，背上的衣服泛出一层淡淡的盐渍。多年以后，远离乡村阳光的我很煽情地把自己弯腰俯向庄稼的身影比做一柄“新镰”，把炎热的阳光比做铸炼钢铁的熔炉，把汗水比做淬火的水。其实自从我开始写矫情的诗歌始，乡土和阳光早已变成我手上的一捧展览品。远离乡村的我，没有什么可炫耀的，就炫耀自己经历过的痛苦。我们的乡村当时长

的最多的是苦楝树，诗歌在庄稼中是完全没有生长空间的。土生土长的农人。土生土长的庄稼。但没有土生土长的诗歌。

⑹我的腰弯得更低了，这样做的目的，只为减少太阳照射身上的面积，至于这样做会更累的感觉早已麻木了。酸软的手臂和腰肢变得僵硬，特别是臂部的肌肉有点肿胀起来的感觉。但我不敢停下来，怕一停下动作，自己就会被炎热的太阳“压倒”。热原来也有“重量”，久处炎热阳光下的人才会真切体会到。

⑺嘴里已经没有一点唾沫，舌头像板硬的石板，我无力将它推动。

⑻水分被蒸发干了，只剩下干涸的眼神，望向远处密密麻麻的庄稼。

⑼我的手机械地动着。

⑽没有一丝风，听得到空气在谷穗上热烘烘地作响……

⑾多年以后，我重读李绅的“谁知盘中餐，粒粒皆辛苦”，总有异样的体会。农人爱惜米粒，那是爱惜自己的生命。

⑿那一天夜里，我从噩梦中惊醒，背部仿佛失火一般，又热又痛，只好趴在床上，任冷汗从额上、背上淋漓流出。也许是我睡梦中的呻吟声吵醒了母亲，她来到我房间，看情形一下子就明白了，去厨房拿回一点花生油，用手细细地抹在我通红的背上。

⒀几天后，背部结出一大块黑色的疤痕。父亲知道这件事，淡淡地说，这小子，娇嫩了些。我看着父亲黝黑如铁的肤色，觉得有些羞愧，想着有一天自己也如父亲一样变成一块铁，再毒的阳光就不会再伤害到我了。

⒁这段少年时的经历，我记忆甚深。阳光在我身上、心上打下的烙印，会深刻地影响我的一生。阳光制造的疤痕好了，留下的不是伤痛。

1 、给加黑字注音（2分）

①黝黑（）②潺潺（）③盐渍（）④干涸（）

2、“天未亮，蝉就在房前屋后喊起热来，不到上午九点，树叶就耷拉下来，叶子皱巴巴的，像被什么揉皱了，如果树会出声，大概会毫不顾忌地喊出痛来。土埕上的石凳已经被太阳捂得发烫，树荫下狗伸出舌头淌汗，湿湿的，仿佛苍苔上拧出的那种。”此段文字属于哪种描写方法？在文中有何作用？（3分）

3、在耕种中，文中作者多处使用了哪种写作手法？他这样写的目的是什么？谈谈你的理解。（4分）

4、怎样理解“我想：也许我再向前几步，我就会重复父亲的命运，踩在父亲的影子上。说实在的，我当时感觉一种深陷的、无法摆脱的恐慌和悲哀。”一段的含义。（4分）

5、从语言表达的角度，赏析“炎热的阳光早已透过沾在背上的衣服扎进肌肤。起初尖细如麦芒，后来如荆棘上的尖刺，临近中午，阳光如一些细小的针尖，密密麻麻地扎进每一寸呈给太阳的肌肤。背部的温度由热、炎热到灼热渐次升高，直到觉得自己快要燃烧一般。”（4分）

6、“我看着父亲黝黑如铁的肤色，觉得有些羞愧，想着有一天自己也如父亲一样变成一块铁，再毒的阳光就不会再伤害到我了。”表达了作者怎样的思想感情？（4分）

7、孟子说“生于忧患，死于安乐”。通读全文，说说“阳光的疤痕”对“我”有着怎样的深刻影响。(4分)

（二）微笑——真的很重要

燕子

星期一这天，我心情糟透了，因为有一件难办的事令我头疼甚至恼火。上课铃响过后，我想着赶紧上完两节课，然后再理理乱七八糟的思绪，想想还有没有解决问题的办法。这样想着，当我走进教室的时候，我的脸上显然带着不耐烦的神情，冷冷的。

偏偏那天班上捣乱的孩子这么多！上课没过多久，就听到下面有嗡嗡的讲话声，甚至有人在笑。我一下子火了，叫起那个在笑的学生，板着脸问他在笑什么？那个学生本来挺乖的，见我发了火，却反常地站在那里依然笑嘻嘻的，满脸的不在乎。我更加生气了，劈头就将他一顿教训。那一堂课，好像全班同学都跟我过不去，叫起来回答问题的，偏偏又都回答不出来。我的脸色越来越难看，教室里齐唰唰地站起很多人，坐着的学生惟恐下一个叫到自己。上课，从来没有这么别扭过。我只觉得自己累得慌，心口堵得慌。幸而下课的铃声响了，我不觉松了－口气。

课间休息的10分钟时间里，我在想，今天自己的心情不好，课也讲不好，学生们的情绪也不好，一切都变了样，怎么回事？上课铃再响时，我终于调整了一下自己的心情，特别是在走进教室那一刹那，我勉强地微笑了一下。这时，下面有同学轻轻地说话了，声音虽小，我却听得清清楚楚。这个学生说：“唉呀，老师笑了。”想不到学生竟能注意到我的微笑，我不由得再一次笑了，这一次可是真的笑了。教室里马上跟着有了反应。许多同学好像心照不宣地笑了起来，原本紧张的气氛也一下子缓和了，几乎所有的人，包括我自己，都觉得轻松起来。第二节课上得出乎意料地顺利。我脸上始终带着微笑，同学们都踊跃思考回答问题，连最调皮的同学，

也争着回答。我的激情也被激发起来，课比平时还讲得生动有趣。

下课之后，我迈着轻松的步子走出教室。室外正是阳光灿烂，我发觉，自己的心里也是阳光灿烂。那个从早上就烦扰着我的问题，那片横亘在我心中的阴霾，在阳光普照下突然间消失得无影无踪了。原来我的课可以上得这么好，原来我的微笑可以影响到上课的质量，影响着自己的心情和同学们的情绪。

看来，微笑真的很重要。

1、根据下面各句的意思，写出本文中出现的成语。（3分）

①彼此心里明白，而不公开说出来。（）

②形容完全消失，不知去向。（）

③超出了预先的估计。（）

2、文中多次写到“笑”，有同学的笑，也有“我”的笑，但笑的含义并不完全相同。试从文中分别摘出一例表现同学和“我”的笑的句子，品味其不同的含义。（3分）

同学的笑：

“我”的笑：

3、同样的同学,同样的老师,为什么第一节课上得很别扭,而第二节课上得很顺利?(3分)

4、文中刻画“我”主要运用了_________描写和_________ 描写的方法。（2分）

5、与开头“我心情糟透了，因为有一件难办的事令我头疼甚至恼火”相呼应的句子是（3分）

答：_________________________________________________________________。

6、本文多处运用了对比手法，加强了文章的表现力，试举出两例，说明运用对比手法的作用。（3分）

①

②

7、本文的题目是《微笑——真的很重要》，揭示文章题旨，说明“微笑真的很重要”的原因的句子是（3分）答：

（三）三门闸

王奎山

我插队的地方属于薄山水库灌区。一条主干渠从村子南边经过。在村子东南半里地的地方有个三门闸,把主干渠一分为三,一条向南,一条向东,一条则向北。

看守三门闸的,是一个五十来岁的老头,是薄山水库的工人,大家都叫他老孟。水库给他在三门闸附近盖了三间房子,一个小厨房,还给拉了一圈围墙。这样,老孟就一天到晚呆在他的小院子里,种点菜什么的。院子中间,老孟自己用檩条搭了一个棚子,棚子边上种了几棵扁豆、丝瓜一类的东西。到了夏季，扁豆和丝瓜的秧子就会把棚子遮蔽得严严实实。老孟就在棚子下面吃饭、吸旱烟。菜地边上，老孟种了几棵凤仙花，到了夏天，那凤仙花开得简直跟疯了一样。午后，村子里的姑娘们常常会聚到老孟的棚子下面用凤仙花包指甲。姑娘们忙她们的，老

孟则在地上铺一张席子睡午觉。老孟一睡着，就会打很响的呼噜。姑娘们嫌老孟的呼噜吵人，就会捉一条毛毛虫放在老孟的肚皮上，毛毛虫在老孟的肚皮上爬，把老孟痒得肚皮一颠一颠的。实在痒极了，老孟就会伸出巴掌一拍，把毛毛虫拍个稀巴烂。这时候，姑娘们就会哈哈大笑起来，然后，老孟就会坐起来，默默地抽旱烟。

有时候，老孟会不由自主地瞅一眼姑娘们那润泽肥美的手腕或脚腕。那时候，老孟常常会轻轻地叹一口气。姑娘们会奇怪地问：“大［注］，你不愁吃不愁穿的，叹个啥气？”老孟就会笑笑，说：“真好。”老孟的话常常让姑娘们摸不着头脑。

老孟是个孤老头子，没有结过婚。老孟有个侄子，偶尔过来看他一下。更多的时候，老孟是孤孤单单的一个人。夏天或秋天的傍晚，老孟会长时间地坐在棚子下面吸旱烟。地上“啪”地响了一下，不用看，老孟也知道是落了一朵丝瓜花。一个流星“倏”的一下在天空划过一道白痕，老孟就想，唉，世上又有一个人不在了。夜露下来了，板凳上潮乎乎的，老孟在地上磕磕烟袋，回屋睡觉去了。

老孟有个习惯为村子里的人所不理解，他吃老鳖。那时候，这一带的人都不吃鳖，认为鳖是不洁之物。也真是的，老鳖常常会爬到夹道(厕所)里。镇子上也有人卖鳖，但很少有人买，有人买，也是机关里的人。一到镇上逢集的时候，老孟就提个小篮子上街了。老孟自己种的有菜，所以他不买菜。老孟也不买肉，鸡鸭鱼肉他都不买，嫌贵。老鳖便宜，才两毛来钱一斤，所以老孟专门吃鳖。

有一次老孟赶集买鳖回来，发现一只山羊闯进了他的菜园子，把菜园子祸害得一塌糊涂。老孟很生气，就赶那羊，并且用砖头砸那羊。正巧这时候，被羊的主人发现了。羊是三队的会计留柱家的，留柱的女人发现老孟用砖头砸她的羊，和老孟吵了起来。留柱的女人在村子里是有名的泼皮货，啥难听话也敢骂出来。留柱的女人骂老孟，你一辈子吃了多少鳖，害了多少命，你不得好死！这话把老孟气得在床上躺了好几天。

有一天，老孟正在水闸那里看水，突然发现上游有个孩子冲下来了。老孟迎着孩子跑了几十步，往灌渠里一跳，用手托起了孩子。但这时老孟已离闸门很近，湍急的水流冲得他一下子撞到了闸板上。他一只手托着孩子，一只手拼命地抠住闸板的一条缝隙，以防止自己和孩子被卷进水闸下面。不知过了多久，才被一个过路人看见。那人飞快地跑到村子里，喊人拿来一个抬筐，续到老孟身边。老孟把孩子放进抬筐里，才松了一口气。但也许正因为是孩子的得救使老孟放松了警惕，老孟一下子被卷进了闸门的下边。

人们在水闸下游几十米远的地方捞出了老孟，他已经昏迷不醒，头上也被水闸的下沿撞出了一个大血包。等人们七手八脚地把老孟送到镇上的医院，老孟已经停止了呼吸。

那被救的孩子，正巧就是留柱的儿子。他是在灌区边上放羊时，一不小心滑到灌渠里的。

老孟被埋到薄山水库管理局附近的山坡上。下葬的时候，留柱一家三口都给老孟披了麻、戴了孝。留柱的女人哭喊道“大呀，我那苦命的大呀……”

老孟死后，薄山水库管理局不再向三门闸派人，只是在放水的时候，临时派一个人来看护水闸，那临时派来的人骑着一辆自行车，过来看看，吸了一支烟，把烟蒂扔进灌渠里，就又骑上车子走了。

老孟原来住的那个院子，被一把大铁锁锁上了。村子里的人从那里经过的时候，都会不由自主地朝那个院

子看上一眼，然后，会轻轻地叹上一口气，说，人呐！ (选自《小说月刊》) ［注］大：有些地方的孩子对男性的长辈的称呼。

(1)下列对小说有关内容的分析和概括，最恰当的两项是( )

A．老孟死后，水库管理局因为一时间找不到像老孟这样的人，便不再向三门闸派人，只是在放水的时候临时派一个人来看护。

B．这篇小说看似信笔而作，实则在构思上颇为讲究。如写留柱的女人骂老孟不得好死，就是为后面写老孟的淹死埋下伏笔。

C．本文中对比手法运用得非常到位，很有表现力。如留柱的女人对老孟的态度前后有天壤之别，说明老孟的举动感动了留柱一家。

D．本文刻画人物性格很巧妙，如写姑娘们常常在午后聚到老孟的棚子下面用凤仙花包指甲，就很形象地写出了姑娘们的调皮。

E．本文运用完全生活化的语言来写作，本色、朴实，毫无做作之态，阅读时就像在听一个熟悉的老朋友讲故事，很有亲切感。

(2)小说第4自然段对老孟夏秋夜晚吸烟、闲坐等生活细节的描写有什么作用？请简要分析。

(3)小说中的老孟有哪些性格特点？请简要分析。

(4)小说结尾说：村子里的人从老孟原来住的院子经过时，都会轻轻地叹上一口气，说，人呐！在你看来，人们叹息并感慨有那些内涵？请结合全文，谈谈你的看法。

课后训练

想讨一本书

一个寒冷的冬日，我驱车去接方先生和他刚相识的申女士。共进午餐后，申女士接受了方先生的邀请，来到了方先生的住处——位于龙华的一幢豪华别墅。

下车后，我们看见门柱上斜靠着一个乞丐样的人，他身上裹一件脏兮兮的棉衣，似有所求地望着我们。

心情很好的方先生赶紧走上去问他：“你是不是想吃点什么？”

想不到乞丐回答：“这会儿太阳很好，我吃饱喝足了，只想在您这儿晒会儿太阳。还想……”

“还想什么？”方先生从口袋里掏出100元钱，晃动在乞丐眼前，调侃追问道，“别难为情，尽管说吧，

我会满足你的。”他料定一个乞丐的要求不会特别难以应付。

“我想……”乞丐支吾着，最后鼓起勇气说，“您千万别笑话我。您可以想像我的日子，饭是每天都能吃上的，只可惜好长时间没读书了，总想讨一本书看看，可是一直难于启齿。您能不能让我进您书屋里，随意挑一本书呢？”

方先生一下子愣住了。一方面，他惊奇于这个乞丐非同寻常的奢求；另一方面，他羞愧自己满足不了这个乞丐这一简单的要求；更重要的是：让申女士目睹了自己的窘迫。

乞丐也看透了方先生的尴尬，急忙说：“天底下没有书的人很多。只是，我没想到这家房屋的主人也会没有。不好意思，打扰您了。”说罢，抬脚欲走。那溢于言表的鄙薄与不屑令在场的人都很难堪。

一直在一旁不动声色的申女士急忙走上去，将随身携带的一本文稿读物递给乞丐，和颜悦色地说：“也许，你会喜欢这本书，不妨读读吧。”

乞丐接过，连声道谢，然后席地而坐，旁若无人地读了起来。

送走申女士后，方先生满腹心事。不久后的一天，方先生突然决定：“阿伟，送我去书店。”

在书店经理室，方先生将一张2万元的支票拍在办公桌上，对接待他的小姐说：“愿意与我做成一笔大生意吗？”

小姐说：“当然愿意。不过，我们这儿没有什么大生意，只有书，您任意选吧！”

方先生将支票扔到小姐面前，说：“我才懒得选！下午两点，我来取货。”

小姐惊奇地盯着眼前这个财大气粗的人，不知如何应付。当方先生准备掉头而去时，她才醒过神来追问道：“你想要一些什么书呢？”

“只要是书，只要有名气，都要！”方先生头也不回地说。

下午两点，我们驱车来到书店。那位小姐迎了出来，把支票还给方先生，并说：“很抱歉，我们经理不想接受这笔生意。”

方先生再一次愣住了。他咆哮道：“你们的经理呢？让他出来见我。”

“不必了。”小姐笑笑，“我们经理看过支票，就知道您是谁了。她要我一定转告您：本书店没有一本专作摆设的废书。每一本书都是有灵魂的生命，最终总会归属于那些真正爱书的人。”

1、本文以为线索，通过对和两个情节的描写，深刻表达了“一个人，物质的匮乏并不可怕，可怕的是心灵的荒芜，理想的泯灭”的主题。（4分）

2、本文的情节描写十分出色，从文章后一情节中的等动作描写可看出方先生是一个的人；从等语言描写可看出方先生还是一个的人。（4分）

3、本文多处运用了对比手法，请找出一组并分析其作用。（5分）

4、你怎样理解申女士“本书店没有一本专作摆设的废书。每一本书都是有灵魂的生命，最终总会归属于那些真正爱书的人”这句话？（4分）

5、请结合自己的读书实践，谈谈你对“每一本书都是有灵魂的生命”的理解。（5分）

6、请写两句你平时积累的有关“书”的格言警句。（4分）

学习建议多联系生活，将知识迁移到生活中，学以致用

提交时间年月日科组长审批

初一第四讲阅读专题之对比手法答案

基础知识：

1、妇孺皆知、义愤填膺、鞠躬尽瘁、磐石、迥乎不同、赫然、筹划、呕心沥血、鲜为人知、锲而不舍、筹划、

深邃、仰慕

2、C

3、D

4、D

5、B

6、B

7、C

8、③金石可镂④死而后已

9、事业上有成就家庭

10、欲速不达口蜜腹剑

11、鲁肃、吕蒙、陆逊

【典例精讲】

1、分别是美国和中国原子弹设计的领导人，各是两国的功臣。

2、锋芒毕露；忠厚平实，真诚坦白，从不骄人。

3、中美两国的文化、社会背景不同。

4、对比突出邓稼先的性格品质和奉献精神，自然而然地得出“邓稼先是中国几千年传统文化所孕育出来的有最高奉献精神的儿子”“邓稼先是中国共产党的理想党员”的结论。

【巩固提升】

（一）

1 、yǒu chán zì hé

2、围绕“景物描写。选取夏日典型的景物细致描写，烘托出早晨阳光的威力，为后文写我与父亲在烈日下劳作

进行环境渲染。”回答，意思对即可。

3、对比。围绕“通过对比，突出了父亲吃苦耐劳坚强的品质，也表现了我在经受锻炼前脆弱，怕吃苦的一面。”

回答，意思对即可。

4、围绕“作者当时并不适应这种地地道道的农民的生活方式，不愿追随父亲的脚步，去做一个每天在土地里辛

勤劳作的农民，他想摆脱这种艰辛的生活，唯恐自己的命运会和父亲一样。因此感到恐慌和悲哀。”回答，意思

对即可。

5、围绕“运用比喻，形象地写出了一天中不同时段的阳光热度和烙在皮肤上的感觉，真实深刻地反映了劳动的

艰辛。”回答，意思对即可。

6、围绕“表达了作者对自己的脆弱娇嫩的反省、羞愧，表达了要向父亲学习，像他那样磨练自己，学会坚强的心迹。”回答，意思对即可。

7、围绕“炎热的阳光像铸炼钢铁的熔炉，汗水是淬火的水，当初艰辛的生活，让我学会热爱劳动，懂得了珍惜劳动成果，懂得了在苦难中磨练自己，才会使自己变得坚强，最终成才。”回答，意思对即可。

（二）

1、①心照不宣②无影无踪③出乎意料

2、答案略）言之有理即可

3、第一课“我”的神情冷冰冰的，而第二节课“我”是带着微笑上课的。

神态描写和心理描写。

4、“那个从早上就……阴霾”。

5、（例子略）突出表现了“微笑，真的很重要。”

6、“我的微笑可以影响到……同学们的情绪。”

（三）

11、（1）答E给3分，答C给2分，答D给1分；答A、B不给分。（A项，记叙了“因为一时间找不到像老孟这样的人”于文无据。B项，作用分析错误。写留柱女人的话，一是为了写出其为人之泼辣，二是为写其后他们全家对老孟的无限感戴做铺垫。D项，写姑娘们常常在午后聚到老孟的棚子下面用凤仙花包指甲，主要是为了写出老孟为人的善良宽厚，有好人缘。）

（2）①巧妙地写出了老孟心底的孤独与寂寞；②突显了环境的真实，增强了文章的感染力。（大意对即可，每点3分，共6分）

（3）①为人善良：见到落水的孩子，奋不顾身地救人；②性情温和：同村的姑娘们调皮，将毛毛虫放在午睡的老孟的肚皮上，老孟也不发脾气；③勤劳：自己搭棚子，自己种菜、种花；④节俭：嫌鸡鸭鱼肉贵，不买，专门买鳖。（言之成理且于文有据即可给分，每答出一点给2分，答对三点即可给满分。）

（4）①叹老孟的意外之死，世事的无常。②叹上天的不公。老孟是个好人，却没有得到善终，没有尽天年。③叹人与人的不一样。老孟在世时守着三门闸，老孟死后临时派来的人也只是过来看看，吸支烟就骑上车子走了。

④叹老孟的壮举。平时看上去那么不起眼的人竟然敢冒死跳进灌渠救人。（言之成理且于文有据即可给分，每答出一点给2分，答对四点即可给满分。）

课后练习

1.书讨书（或乞书、要书）买书（购书）（4分）

2.拍、扔财大气粗，没有修养（只填“粗野”、“粗俗”亦可）“我才懒得选”“只要是书，只要有名气，都要”不爱读书（填“不学无术”、“虚荣心极强”、“精神贫乏”等亦可）（4分）

3.例：一组：方先生与乞丐的对比。方先生有别墅，可没有一本书，说明他不爱读书，这与乞丐想读书形成了鲜

明的对比。一个是精神乞丐，一个是物质乞丐，这一鲜明对比，更加突出地揭示了文章的主题——物质的匮乏并不可怕，可怕的是心灵的荒芜、理想的氓灭。（或：这一鲜明的对比，更加突出地揭示了不读书者的可悲。）（4分）

二组：申女士的言行与方先生的言行形成了鲜明的对比。方先生见到乞丐以调侃的语气说话，粗俗傲慢；而申女士对乞丐是“和颜悦色”地说，礼貌诚恳。这一鲜明对比，突出了申女士“腹有诗书气自华”的彬彬有礼、知书达理的形象，衬托出方先生是一个不学无术、粗俗鄙薄的人。三组：方先生整个别墅没有一本书与申女士随身携带书形成了鲜明对比，这一鲜明对比，衬托出方先生是一个不学无术、不爱读书的人。（5分）

4.书不是用来装点门面的，用书装点门面，是对书的糟蹋。书应该属于那些热爱书、热爱知识，把书视为“有灵魂的生命”的人。（4分）

5.例：我觉得书是有灵魂的生命。我曾读过《钢铁是怎样炼成的》，保尔·柯察金面对一次次挫折，仍执著地追求理想的精神，让我震动。每当我遇到困难或挫折时，保尔·柯察金的形象便浮现在眼前，使我增强了克服困难的信心。（5分）

6.略。（4分）

解析:

1.本文是物线，以“书“为线索，概括两个重要的故事情节，合理即可。

2.找出动作动词，体会动作描写对刻画人物思想性格特征的作用，表述合理即可。

3.了解对比手法的特点，理解对比手法的表达作用。从文中例句中具体分析。

4.学生应培养理解词语在语境中的具体含义的能力，结合上下文，有利于对文章主题的把握。

5.开放性试题，只要观点正确，有理有据，文通句顺，书写认真即可。

6.积累合理即可。

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