句子成分与五大句型教师版
初高中衔接——句子成分和句子结构
学习目标：
1、掌握好英语中的句子成分为以后的语法教学做好充分准备；
2、了解五种基本句型；
3、复习巩固基本句型中的句子成分；
4、掌握正确造句的基本方法。
重难点：
1、会分析主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语这6大成分及从句；
2、会判断句子基本类型；
3、会用正确的句型造句。
预习导学
一、句子成份
定义：组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
1.请写出下列句子斜体部分的句子成分。
1）My sister is a nurse. / Her room s on the fifth floor.
2）She works in a hospital. / She knows a little English.
3）She is writing a letter now.
4）The cold weather is turning the leaves yellow.
5）She feels very happy.
6）Everyone in the hospital works hard.
My mother ,a kind woman, loves me
类别：主要是有_______/ ______/ _______/ ______/ ________/ ______/ ________，还有同位语、插入语等。
划分下列句子的成分
1. The sun has risen. ___________________
2. The government built the nature reserve. ___________________
3. This kind of food tastes terrible. ___________________
4. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. ___________________
5. I couldn’t remember all the faces and names at first. ___________________
6. I found the article on wildlife interesting. ____________________
7. The speaker found himself misunderstood. ____________________
8. The swan is swimming. ____________________
课堂学习
二、句子成分及基本句型
句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的, 表达一个完整的意义。英语中的基本句型有五种。
此句型的句子有一个共同特点, 即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
主语(Subject)
是一个句子所叙述的主体, 一般位于句首。表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。
Ex: 用横线划出下列句子中的主语并判断充当主语的词类:
1) During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ()
2) She often goes to school on foot. ()
3) One – third of the students in this class are girls. ()
4) To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ()
5) Among his hobbies were reading books and listening to music. ()
6) The rich should help the poor. ()
7) When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ()
8) It is necessary to master a foreign language. ()
谓语(Predicate)
说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语, 一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1. 简单谓语: 由一个动词或动词短语构成。
Eg:
1) A traffic accident happened yesterday afternoon.
2) The plane took off at ten o’clock.
2. 复合谓语: 由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
Eg:
1) You may keep the book for two weeks.
2) He has caught a bad cold.
此句型特点: 谓语动词是主语产生的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。
1. I like China.
2. He hates you.
3. ---How many do you need?
---I need two.
4. We should help the old and the poor.
5. I hope to see you again.
6. He looks after his little daughter on Sundays
分析以上例句，可以看出斜体部分是句子的______语。句子的宾语可以由_____, ______,
______, _______, _______, ________等充当，它表示及物动词或及物动词短语的对象或内容。或者用于介词后构成介词短语。句子的谓语动词可以是单个的动词也可以是短语，如例句中的look forward to, look after等。这类句型即________句型。
宾语(Object)
表示动作的对象或承受者, 一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
Ex: 用横线划出下列句子中的宾语并判断充当宾语的词类:
1) They visited an exhibition yesterday. ()
2) The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. ()
3) How many dictionaries do you have? I have five. ()
4) They helped the old with their housework yesterday. ()
5) He pretended not to see me. ()
6) I enjoy listening to popular music. ()
7) I think (that) he is fit for his office. ()
有些及物动词可以接两个宾语, 如: give, pass, bring, show等。这两个宾语通常一个指人, 为间接宾语; 一个指物, 为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为: 主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语。
Eg: She gave me a cup of tea.
有时, 间接宾语也可改为由介词to或for引起的短语, 放在直接宾语的后面。
Eg:
1) She passed him the salt. = She passed the salt to him.
2) Her uncle bought her an English – Chinese dictionary yesterday.
此句型的句子的共同特点是: 动词虽然是及物动词, 但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思, 必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语, 才能使意思完整。
Ex: 用横线划出下列句子中的宾语补足语并判断充当宾语补足语的词类
1) His father named him Liu Ming. ()
2) They painted their boat white. ()
3) Let the fresh air in. ( )
4) You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. ()
5) We saw her entering the room. ()
6) We found everything in the lab in good order. ()
注意:
后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, think, make, choose 等;
后跟形容词作宾语补足语的谓语动词有keep, find, get, think, make 等;
动词不定式作宾语补足语时, 当谓语动词为感官动词(如feel, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at 等), 使役动词(如let, have, make 等), 主动语态不定式省略to。
此句型的特点: 谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词(Link Verb)。系动词一般分为4类。
A. 状态系动词: be
eg: He is a teacher.
B. 感官系动词: look, sound, smell, taste, feel
eg: The footballer players felt extremely lucky after they won the game.
C. 变化系动词: become, grow, turn, get, go
eg: He became mad after that.
D. 持续系动词: keep, stay, remain
eg: He always keeps silent at the meeting.
除此之外, 还有prove, turn out, appear, seem等。
【练一练】在空白处填上合适的系动词使句意完整。
1）Failure ______________the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。
2）The flower ______________ pleasant. 这花闻起来很香。
3）I don’t ______________ well today. 今天我感觉不舒服。
4）Getting up early ______________ good to one’s health. 早起对健康有益。
5）I _______________ angry about it. 我对此十分生气。
6）_______________ careful of your health. 小心你的健康。
7）Mr. Black’s face slowly _______________ red. 布莱克的脸慢慢变红了。
8）The plan ______________ very practical. 这个计划听起来很实际。
9）His experiment _______________ to be successful。他的实验证明是成功的。
表语(Predicative)
用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词之后。
Ex: 用横线划出下列句子中的表语并判断充当表语的词类
1) This is a public school. (______________)
2) Is it yours? (______________)
3) The weather has turned cold. (______________)
4) The speech is exciting. (______________)
5) Three times seven is twenty one. (______________)
6) His job is to teach English. (______________)
7) His hobby is playing football. (______________)
8) The meeting is of great importance. (______________)
9) Time is up. The class is over. (______________)
10) The truth is that he has never been abroad. (______________)
其他成分：
定语(Attribute)
修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句。
Ex: 用横线划出下列句子中的定语并判断充当定语的词类
1) Lily is a beautiful girl. (______________)
2) China is a developing country; America is a developed country. (______________)
3) There are thirty women teachers in our school. (______________)
4) His rapid progress in English made us surprised. (______________)
5) Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom. (______________)
6) The teaching plan for next term has been worked out. (______________)
7) Farmers who saw us stared at us as if we are walking skeletons. (______________)
8) He watched a film about the life of workers. (______________)
状语(Adverbial)
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子, 说明动作或状态特征的句子成分。从情况,时间,
处所,方式,条件,对象,肯定,否定,范围和程度等方面对谓语中心进行修饰或限制。
Ex: 用横线划出下列句子中的状语并判断状语的种类
(1) ______________状语
Hearing the news, they felt very excited.
(2) ______________状语
Pandas only live in China.
(3) ______________状语
He took some change from his pocket to buy a newspaper.
(4) ______________状语
We usually go to school on foot.
(5) ______________状语
Though she has a lot of money, she is unhappy.
(6) ______________状语
If you don’t work hard, you’ll fall behind the others.
(7) ______________状语
Your watch is not the same as mine.
(8) ______________状语
We d idn’t go to the park because of the bad weather.
(9) ______________状语
The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
(10) ______________状语
The doctor hurried off, with a medicine box under his arm.
同位语(Appositive)
对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任。
1) This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster. (名词)
2) We students should study hard. (名词)
3) We all are students. (代词)
插入语(Parenthesis)
插入语是对一句话的附加解释、说明或总结, 有时表示说话人的态度和看法, 有时起强调作用, 有时是为了引起对方的注意, 还可以起转移话题或说明原因的作用，也可以承上启下, 使语句间的衔接更紧密。
1) That will be a good beginning, I hope.
2) When he got there, he found, however, that the weather was too bad.
3) Where do you think he comes from?
4) Mr. Smith, I think, is at least 50 years old.
I think 如果放在句子中间将句子断开, 或是放在句末, 就是插入语。如果放在句首, 就不是,而是一个主句。
Eg: I think he will help you. 在这句话中, 主句是I think; 从句是he will help you.
课后巩固
Ⅰ判断词性与成分并判断这些句子的类型
1. She is a very good girl. (_____________________式)
(_____语) (______词) (_______语)
2.The girl is very good. (_____________________式)
(__语) (__词) (___语)
3.They ‖laughed. (_______________________式)
(__语) (______词)
4.The kites ‖fly in the sky. (______________________式)
(___语) (__词)
5.I ‖bought a new bike. (________________________式)
(__语) (__词) (___语)
6.He ‖plays volleyball. (_____________________式)
(__语) (___词) (___语)
7.She ‖told me a story. (___________________式)
(__语) (__词) (__) (__语)
8.He ‖gave me a good book. (______________________式)
(__语) (__词) (__语) (___________语)
2. Alice had learned English before she came to England.
3. I don’t think it possible to finish everything in one week.
4. The brave soldier taught us why we should love our country.
5. By the time I got to the station, the train had left.
6. Can you show your photo and your card to me when you come back?
7. The teacher came into the classroom, followed by a group of his students.
8. The poor girl and her dog found themselves caught in the storm.
Ⅲ. 根据要求翻译句子。
(一)主+ 不及物动词( vi )
1）我的家乡发生了巨大变化。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 2）我们的图书馆位于学校的东面。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 3）许多动物和植物已经从地球上消失了。
_______________________________________________________________________________ (二)、主+ 及物动词（vt）+ 宾语
1）我收到了很多鲜花，但是我没有接受。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 2) 我相信他所说的话。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 3）暑假期间我花了很多时间读书。
_______________________________________________________________________________ (三)、主+ 系动词+ 表语
1）我们在任何时候都应该保持诚实。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 2）食物在夏天容易变坏。
_______________________________________________________________________________
3）我们有必要早一点告诉他这件事。
_______________________________________________________________________________ (四)、主+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
1）我希望你能一个月给我写两封信。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 2）这本新的英汉词典花了我100元。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 3）我花了一整天的时间读完了这本有趣的小说。
_______________________________________________________________________________ (五)、主+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾补（adj , doing , done , do , to do, to be）
1）他们把门漆成了红色。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 2）我们已经把我们的学校变成了一个美丽的花园。
_______________________________________________________________________________ 3）刚才我看见他在操场上踢足球。
_______________________________________________________________________________
十大词性 句子成分及基本句型讲解及练习(附答案)..
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名
词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词
句子成分及基本句型
实用标准文档 文案大全句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来 担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词
初中句子成分和基本句型完整版
初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.
句子成分及句型
A B C D ② Why is he worried about Jim? A B C D (三) 挑出下列句中的定语 ① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name. A B C D ② What is your given name? A B C D （四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. A B C D ② He asks her to take the boy out of school. A B C D (五) 挑出下列句中的状语 ① There is a big smile on her face. A B C D ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. A B C D (六) 划出句中的直接宾语( )和间接宾语（） ① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last week. 拓展模块 看图填词中运用到的句子成分 不同的句子成分用不同的词来充当。 下面我们运用句子成分完成下面的看图填词题。 看图短文填空。 阅读下面短文，并借助上下文和插图补充所缺信息。每个孔只能填写一个意义相符、形式正确的单词。 。 Li Ming is a middle school student. His 15th birthday is coming on__46__3nl.One day, Li Ming walked past the shoe shop at the street corner. Once again, he stopped to look at the shop__47__.He felt happy to see the shoes that he wanted very much were still there. He really wanted to have__48__for his birthday. Looking down at his old shoes, he felt sorry for himself. He sadly walked away and thought__49__to tell his mother about it. He knew she would give him__50__he liked if she could. But he also knew very well she had little money for that ￥1299-Nike Shoes,He__51__not to go home at once, as he didn’t want to upset his mother. So he went to the park and
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词 ．．充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
五种基本句型及句子成分分析
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：
英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或 “什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合 谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C. 表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I need. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out. We must keep it a secret. F．定语（Attribute）定语修饰名词或代词。 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you known Betty’ｓsister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good. I met a friend on my way home. G．状语（Adverbial）用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。 I will be back in a while. They are playing on the playground. He was late because he got up late. He got up so late that I missed the train. I waited to see you. He often went to school by bus. His parents died, leaving him an orphan. Please call me if it is necessary. This book is very interesting. He went to school in spite of his illness. He always comes late to school. 讲出划线部分的句子成分： 1．Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable. 2．I have a lot to say on this matter. 3．Please give me some advice. 4．She is quite all right now. 5． A lonely person is always alone. 6． A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.
句子成分和基本句型
句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me.
句子成分与五种基本句型
句子成分与五种基本句型班级：姓名： 一、句子成分 一）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. （） 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. （） 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. （） 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） 二）谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语： 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五）定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。
句子成分及基本句型
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语）
句子成分及基本句型学习资料
句子成分及基本句型 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book. （助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语） （三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语） He likes to play basketball.（不定式作宾语） We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。（动名词短语作宾语） 说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物，宾语一般放在及物动词之后。介词后面的名词或代词或动名词，称为介词宾语。名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语。另外，动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语。 说明2：及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语。宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象，直接宾语指物，间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人，间接宾语指人。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前。 不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语。有的动词可以跟。如：give, show（给……看），bring, pass, buy等。 如：（1）Our teacher tells us a story. （2）The sun gives us light. 间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后，在表示“人”的间接宾语之前会出现介词“to”或“for”。间接宾语前加“to”的有：give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise（答应）, refuse（拒绝）等。 间接宾语加“for”的有：make, buy, do, get, play, order（命令）, sing, pay等 （1）I give him a book. 改成： （2）He passes me the book. 改成： （3）He writes me a letter. 改成： （4）He will buy me some books. 改成：
句子的成分、结构和基本句型
句子的成分、结构和基本句型 句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 一.英语的句子成分： （一）主语： Walls have ears. ( ) He will take you to the hospital. （） To see is to believe. （） Smoking is not allowed in public places. （）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） （二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. （三）表语它的位置在__________之后。 My father is a professor. ( ) Who's that? It's me. ( ) Everything here is expensive. ( ) The match became very exciting.( ) The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) Three times five is fifteen. ( ) His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) （四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands.( ) We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) Do you mind opening the window? ( ) Give me four please. ( ) He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) We need to know what others are doing. ( ) We should care more about our friends. ( ) （五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。 The play has three acts. ( ) This is her first trip to Europe. ( ) They are women workers. （） Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （）Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） China is a developing country. ( ) I have nothing to eat. ( ) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( ) （六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) I left the village five years ago. ( ) I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) If he goes, so will I . ( ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) （七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。 They elected me captain of the team. ( ) We try to make our country strong. ( ) We found everything in good order there. ( )
英语句子成分和基本句型
学习好资料欢迎下载句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构：1.名词2.代词3.数词4.名词化的形容词（如the rich）5.不定式6.动名词7.主语从句等表示。 During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. We often speak English in class. One-third of the students in this class are girls. To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language. That he isn’t at home is not true. 改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因。 He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. Beyond the mountains lie a small village. Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. Play basketball is my favorite sport. Give up English is not an option. 谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning.He reads newspapers every day. 复合谓语：由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there.I have been waiting for you all the time.I would stay at home all day. 由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如：We are students.Your idea sounds great. 表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 Our teacher of English is an American. Is it yours? The weather has turned cold. The speech is exciting. Three times seven is twenty one. His job is to teach English.