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英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型
英语句子成分及基本句型

英语句子成分及基本句型

1.1 句子成分

A. 主语(Subject)主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外,主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。

Jane is good at playing the piano.

She went out in a hurry.

Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people.

To see is to believe.

Smoking is bad for health.

The young should respect the old.

What he has said is true.

B. 谓语(Predicate)谓语表示主语的动作或状态,分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成;复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。

I saw the flag on the top of the hill?

He looked after two orphans.

He can speak English well.

C.表语(Predicative)在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。

常见的系动词有

be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet.

The war was over.

They seem to know the truth.

Time is precious.

I’m not quite myself today.

Who was the first?

He is out of condition.

The book is what I n eed.

D. 宾语(Object)宾语是动作行为的对象,说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语(Direct Object)和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee.

E.宾语补足语(Object Complement)是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。

I found the book interesting.

Do you smell something burning?

He made himself known to them.

She asked me to lend her a hand.

Please make yourself at home.

Please keep the dog out.

We must keep it a secret.

F.定语(Attribute)定语修饰名词或代词。

He is a clever boy.

His father works in a steel work.

There are 54students in our class.

Do you known Betty’s sister?

There is a sleeping baby in bed.

His spoken language is good.

I met a friend on my way home.

G.状语(Adverbial)用于修饰形容词,副词,动词,介词短语或句子.可表示时间,地点,原因,结果,目的,方式,伴随,条件,程度,让步,频率等。

I will be back in a while.

They are playing on the playground.

He was late because he got up late.

He got up so late that I missed the train.

I waited to see you.

He often went to school by bus.

His parents died, leaving him an orphan.

Please call me if it is necessary.

This book is very interesting.

He went to school in spite of his illness.

He always comes late to school.

讲出划线部分的句子成分:

1.Her suggestion sounds quite reasonable.

2.I have a lot to say on this matter.

3.Please give me some advice.

4.She is quite all right now.

5.A lonely person is always alone.

6.A fat, sandy-haired boy in jeans came to see Miss White.

7.To travel abroad one must have a passport.

8.He has brought back a book reporting on animal life.

9. The setting sun shone on her face, lighting it up with a rosy glow.

10. Isn’t it wonderful that the Chinese Team won?

1.2 基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns)

(1)第一基本句型 SV I teach.

(2)第二基本句型SVP I am a teacher.

(3)第三基本句型SVO I teach English.

(4)第四基本句型SVOO I teach you English.

(5)第五基本句型SVOC I encourage you to learn English better.

分析句子结构:

1.What you said made me happy.

2.Could you give me some advice on how to learn English well?

3.After he finished his homework, he went away.

4. He likes pop music.

5. I stayed awake until 11:30 one evening in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.

6. Anne named her diary kitty because she thought it was her best friend.

7. I find painting or drawing very relaxing.

8. It is the young girl who was singing songs on the stage when we entered the hall yesterday that will have taught all of us both English and French for three years by the end of this year.

英语句子的基本成分

英语的基本成分 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分,句子成分主要有主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语等。 1主语subject 主语是一个句子的主体,表示所说的是谁或是什么。主语一般放在句首,有时在特殊句型中主语放在据某。可作主语的词有名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词等。 (1)名词或名词短语作主语 The students are playing volleyball now. Beijing is the capital of China. The shoe shop is next to the supermarket. (2)代词作主语 I go to school by bus. (3)数词作主语 Four and five is nine. (4)动词不定式或不定式短语作主语 To read in the sun is bad for your eyes. (5)动名词作主语 (6)从句作主语 That you forget to tell me the time for meeting caused me lots of trouble. 2谓语predicate: 谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所处的状态。指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常由动词的各种形式或动词短语来充当,并且必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。谓语有广义和狭义之分,广义的谓语指主语之外包括动词在内的部分,狭义的谓语仅仅指动词。

(1)动词或动词短语作谓语 She likes drawing. I go to school at 6 on Mondays. (2)情态动词+动词原形作谓语 You should be good with your friends. (3)系动词+表语充当谓语 The skirt felt soft. 3表语predicative: 表语是和系动词一起构成复合谓语的词或短语。表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态。表语常由名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、从句来充当。作表语的名词、数词和代词,其数必须与主语保持一致。 (1)名词作表语 (2)代词作表语 (3)数词作表语 (4)形容词表语 (5)分词表语 Seeing is believing.眼见为实 (6)动名词表语 (7)动词不定式表语 (8)介词短语表语 (9)副词作表语 Jim is over there. (10)从句作表语

(完整版)英语的五大基本句型

英语的五大基本句型 同一个词类可以在句中充当不同的成分,同一个句子成分也可以由不同的词类来担任。 句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有六种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)和状语(adverbial)。 英语句子成分中,有些具有形态标志。如第一人称代词作主语就用主格“I”,作宾语用宾格“me”,作定语用所有格“my”。这些形态变化对分析辨认成分很有帮助。 汉语与英语就句子成分表面上看来差不多,实际上有不少差别。例如: Xiao Li went to bed as soon as he came home. 小李回家后, 立刻就睡觉了。 I'll go when I have had my dinner. 我吃了饭就去。 在英语中,同一个主语在第二次出现时不能省略,必须把每个谓语所陈述的对象都表示出来。而在汉语中,同一个主语在句中第二次出现时,就可以省略。如例(1)中,汉语说“小李回家后立刻就睡觉了”,省去了第二个分句的主语,倒可以避免造成误解。若将第二次出现的主语补出来,说成“小李回家后,他立刻就睡觉了”。听的人反而可能把那个“他”误会成另一个人。 把句子的各个成分搞清楚,也就是把句子各部分的关系搞清楚。做到这一点,才可以准确地理解句子的意思或造出结构正确、意思明白的句子。有一点要注意,在分析句子结构时,应该抓住主要成分。我们分析句子结构,划分句子成分无非是为了理解,或者是为了造句。各种语言有各自的规则、各自的习惯,而且语言是很灵活的东西,发展过程也很复杂,很难把语法的现象都做出明确、统一的解释来。在使用一种语言时,语法应让位于习惯。符合习惯的,有时尽管不符合语法,也是正确的。 英语句子有长在短,有简有繁,从现象看,似乎千变万化,难以捉摸,但从实质看,可以发现其内在联系,找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 基本句型一:S+V(主+谓) 基本句型二:S+V+P(主+谓+表) 基本句型三:S+V+O(主+谓+宾) 基本句型四:S+V+o+O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 基本句型五:S+V+O+C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型一 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S+V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining. 2. The moon │rose. 3. The universe │remains. 4. We all │breathe,eat, and dri

英语中的五种基本句型结构

英语中的五种基本句型结构 一、句型1:Subject (主语) +Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语。常见的动词如:work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen等。如: 1) Li Ming works very hard.李明学习很努力。 2) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的。 3)Spring is coming. 4) We have lived in the city for ten years. 二、句型2:Subject (主语) +Link. V(系动词) +Predicate(表语) 这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类: (1)表示状态。这样的词有:be, look, seem, smell, taste, sound, keep等。如: 1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口。 2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急。 (2)表示变化。这类系动词有:become, turn, get, grow, go等。如: 1) Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。 2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了。 三、句型3:Subject(主语) +Verb (谓语) +Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词, 所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。例: 1) He took his bag and left.(名词)他拿着书包离开了。 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助。 3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游。 4) I don’t know what I should do next. (从句)我不知道下一步该干什么。 注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词。 四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bring, send等。如: 1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物。 2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March. 老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事。上述句子还可以表达为: 1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present. 2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March. 五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 这种句型中的“宾语+补语”统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如: 1)You should keep the room clean and tidy. 你应该让屋子保持干净整洁。(形容词) 2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长。 3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩。

英语句子基本结构成分类型

英语句子基本结构 英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下: S十V主谓结构 S十V十F主系表结构 S十V十O主谓宾结构 S十V十O1十O2 主谓双宾结构 S十V十O十C 主谓宾补结构 说明:S=主语;V=谓语;P=表语;O=宾 语;O1=间接宾语;O2=直接宾语;C=宾 语补足语五个基本句式详细解释如下: 1.S十V句式 在此句式中,V是不及物动词,又叫自动词(vi.)。例如: He runs quickly.他跑得快。 They listened carefully.他们听得很仔细。 He suffered from cold and hunger.他挨冻受饿。 China belongs to the third world country.中国属于第三世界国家。 The gas has given out.煤气用完了。 My ink has run out.我的钢笔水用完了。 2.S十V十P句式 在此句式中,V是系动词(link v.),常见的系动词有:look,seem,appear,sound,feel,taste,smell,grow,get,fall ill/asleep,stand/sit still,become,turn等。例如: He is older than he looks.他比看上去要老。 He seen interested in the book.他似乎对这本书感兴趣。 The story sounds interesting.这个故事听起来有趣。 The desk feels hard.书桌摸起来很硬。 The cake tastes nice.饼尝起来很香。 The flowers smell sweet and nicc.花闻起来香甜。 You have grown taller than before.你长得比以前高了。 He has suddenly fallen ill.他突然病倒了。 He stood quite still.他静静地站看。 He becomes a teacher when he grew up.他长大后当了教师。 He could never turn traitor to his country.他永远不会背叛他的祖国。 注意:有些动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如: He looked me up and down.他上下打量我。 He reached his hand to feel the elephant.他伸出手来摸象。 They are tasting the fish.他们在品尝鱼。 They grow rice in their home town.他们在家乡种水稻。 He's got a chair to sit on.他有椅子坐。

英语中的五种基本句型.

五种基本句型 句子由主语和谓语两大部分组成。主语结构比较单一,谓语结构则不然,不同类别的谓语动词导致不同的谓语结构,从而形成了不同的句型(Sentence Pattern)。换句话说,不同的句型是由不同类别的谓语动词所决定的,因此,句型又被称为动词句型(Verb Pattern)。语法家们对句型的分类不尽相同,一般认为,现代英语的基本句型主要有五种: 1.“主----系-----表”(SLP)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词是以be为主的连系动词(Linking Verb),后面跟主语补语(Subject Complement),如: These oranges have kept fresh. 这些桔子一直很新鲜。 Mary is a student / here /in the room. 玛丽是个学生/在这儿/在房间里。 有的语法家把be后面的副词(短语)或介词短语视为状语,从而形成了“主----动-----状”(SVA)这一在五种基本句型之外的句型(见上面最后一个例句)。 2.“主----动”(SV)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),谓语部分通常只包括限定动词,即使有状语,也属任意性状语,即:去掉后并不影响句子结构和意义的完整,如:This bread won’t keep (for a long time). 这种面包不好(长期)存放。 Tom has left. 前面说过,有些句子中的状语是不可缺少的,这种状语被称为必具性状语,从而构成“主 ----动----状”(SVA)句型,但这仅限于少数几个动词的某些用法,因而不是一种主要句型,如: They are staying in a hotel. 他们暂住在一家旅馆里。 3.“主----动-----宾”(SVO)句型: 在这种句型中,谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词,这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词(Monotransitive Verb),如: He kept the money. 他保存着这些钱。 They have left the hotel. 他们已经离开了那家旅馆。 在这种句型中,状语通常也不是必不可少的,但有少数几个及物动词的某些用法要求必具性状语,从而形成了“主----动-----宾-----状”(SVOA)这一在五种基本句型之外的另一种句型,如: The train leaves London at nine. 这列火车九点钟驶离伦敦。

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳

英语句子成分及基本句型全面归纳 什么叫句子成分呢?句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中,词与词之间有一定的组合关系,按照不同的关系,可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种,即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种:主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial) 和补语(complement)。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:S V(主+谓) 二:S V P(主+系+表) 三:S V O(主+谓+宾) 四:S V O O(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:S V O C(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型:S V (主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│ V(不及物动词) 1. The sun │was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。

英语句子成分

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