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初中英语动词的用法总结

初中英语动词的用法总结
初中英语动词的用法总结

动词用法总结

方山三中郭秀林

1) 表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。

2) 根据其在句中的功能,动词可分为四类,分别是:实义动词 ( Notional Verb) 、系动词( Link Verb) 、助动词 ( Auxiliary Verb ) 、情态动词( Modal Verb ) 。说明:有

些情况下,有些动词是兼类词,例如:We are having a meeting. He has gone to New York. (has 是助动词。 )

3) 动词根据其后是否带有宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(Transitive Verb)、不及物动词(Intransitive Verb),

缩写形式分别为vt. 和vi. 。

说明:同一动词有时可用作及物动词,有时可用作不及物动

词。例如:She can dance and sing. 她能唱歌又能跳舞。 (sing 在此用作不及物动词。 ) She can sing many English songs. 她能唱好多首英文歌曲。 ( sing 用作及物动词。 )

4) 根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制,可分两类,分别是:限定动词( Finite Verb ) 、非限定动词( Non-finite Verb )

例如:She sings very well. 她唱得很好。 ( sing 受主语she 的限制,故用第三人称单数形式sings 。 ) She wants to learn English well. 她想学好英语。 ( to learn 不受主语she 的限制,没有词形变化,是非限定动词。

说明:英语中共有三种非限定动词,分别是:动词不定式(Infinitive ) 、动名词 (Gerund) 、分词( Participle ) 。

5) 动词有五种形态,分别是:原形(Orig in al Form )、

第三人称单数形式我们正在开会。 ( having 是实义动词。 ) 他已去纽约。 (Singular From in Third Personal ) 过去式、 ( Past Form) 过去分词、( Past Participle ) 、现在分词

( Present Participle ) 。

5.1 系动词? 系动词亦称联系动词( Link Verb) ,作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语 (亦称补

语) ,构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。

说明:有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:He fell ill yesterday. 他昨天

病了。 ( fell 是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况。 ) He fell off the ladder. 他从梯子上摔下来。fell 是实义动词,

单独作谓语。

1) 状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be 一词,例如:He is a teacher.

2) 持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,

主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:He always kept silent at meeting. This matter rests a mystery.

3 )表像系动词用来表示" 看起来像" 这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:He looks tired.

4 )感官系动词感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:This kind of cloth feels very soft. This flower smells very sweet.

5 )变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run. 例如:He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了。她没多长时间就富了。She grew rich within a short time. 这种

布手感很软。这朵花闻起来很香。他看起来很累。他看起来很伤心。He seems (to be) very sad. 他开会时总保持沉默。

此事仍是一个谜。他是一名教师。(is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。)

6)终止系动词表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, trun out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假。他的计划终于成功了。(turn out The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success. 表终止性结果)

5.2 什么是助动词

1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb )。被协助的动词称作主要动词助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用,例如:He doesn't like English.

他不喜欢英语。(does n't是助动词,无词义;like 词,

是主要动有词义)

2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:

a. 表示时态,例如:He is singing.

b. 表示语态,例如:He was sent to England.

c. 构成疑问句,例如:Do you like college life? 过英

语吗? d. 构成否定句,例如:I don't like him. e. 加强语气,例如:Do come to the party tomorrow eve ning.

明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that. 他的确知

道那件事。

3)最常用的助动词有:be, have, do, shall, will, should,

would

5.3助动词be的用法

1)be +现在分词,构成进行时态,例如:They are having

a meeting. 他们正在开会。English is becoming more and

more importa nt. 英语现在越来越重要。我不喜欢他。你

喜欢大学生活吗?你来这儿之前学Did you study English

before you came here? 他被派往英国。他在唱歌。他已结婚。He has got married.

2)be +过去分词,构成被动语态,例如:The window was

broke n by Tom.. 窗户是汤姆打碎的。En glish is taught

throughout the world.

3) be + 动词不定式,可表示下列内容:

a. 表示最近、未来的计划或安排,例如:He is to go to

New York next week.. Weare to teach the freshpers ons.

b. 表示命令,例如:You are to explai n this.

c. 征求意见,例如:How ami to answer him? Whois to go there?

d. 表示相约、商定,例如:We are to meet at the school

gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我们明天早晨7 点在

校门口集合。

5.4 助动词have的用法?

1) have +过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:He has left for London. 他已去了伦敦。By the end of last mon th, they

had fini shed half of their work. 上月未为止,他们已

经完成工作的一半。

2) have + been +现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:i have bee n study ing En glish for ten years. 我一直在学英语,

已达十年之久。

3) have+been +过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:

En glish has bee n taught in China for many years. 中

国教英语已经多年。

5.5助动词do的用法

1) 构成一般疑问句,例如:Do you wa nt to pass the CET? Did you study Germa n?

2) do + not 构成否定句,例如:I do not want to be criticized. 我不想挨批评。你想通过大学英语测试吗?

你们学过德语吗?我该怎样答复他?谁该去那儿呢?对

此你要做出解释。要他今天下午来办公室。He is to come

to the office this afternoo n. 他下周要去纽约。我们

要教新生。世界各地都教英语。说明:这种用法也可以

说成是一种将来时态表达法。He does n't like to study.

他不想学习。In the past, many stude nts did not know

the importa nee of En glish. 过去,好多学生不知道英语

的重要性。

3) 构成否定祈使句,例如:Don't go there.不要去那里。

不要这么心不在焉。Do n't be so abse nt-mi nded. 说明:

构成否定祈使句只用do,不用did和does。

4) 放在动词原形前,加强该动词的|语气,例如:Do come to my birthday party. 一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did

go there. I do miss you.我确实去那儿了。我确实想你。我从未听说过这样的事情。

5) 用于倒装句,例如:Never did I hear of such a thing.

En glish.只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要

性。说明:引导此类倒装句的副词有n ever, seldom,

rarely, little, only, so, well 等。

6)用作代动词,例如:---- Do you like Beijing?--

你喜欢北京吗?---- Yes, I do.--是的,喜欢。(do用

作代动词,代替like Beijing. )He knows how to drive

a car, does n't he? 他知道如何开车,对吧?

5.6助动词shall 和will 的用法

shall和will 作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般

将来时,例如:I shall study harder at English. Hewill go to Sha nghai. 说明:在过去的语法中,语法学家说

shall用于第一人称,will只用于第二、第三人称。现在,尤其是在口语中,will常用于第一人称,但shall只用于第一人称,如用于第二、第三人称,就失去助动词的|意义,

已变为情态动词,试比较:He shall come. He will come.

他必须来。(shall有命令的意味。)他要来。(will

只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)我将更加努力地学习英

语。他要去上海。Only whe n we beg in our college life

do we realize the importa nee of

5.7助动词should,would 的用法

1)should无词义,只是shall 的过去形式,与动词原形

构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称,例如:I telephoned

him yesterday to ask what I should do n ext week. 我

昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。比较:"What shall

I do next week?" I asked." 我下周干什么?”我问道。可

以说,(shall 变成间接引语时,变成了should。)

2) would也无词义,是will 的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称,例如:He said he would come.比较:"I will go," he said. 他说:”我要

去那儿。”变成间接引语,就成了:He said he would come. 原来的will 变成would,go变成了come.。

5.8短语动词?动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短

语动词(Phrasal Verb)。例如:Turn off the radio. 把收音机关

上。(turn off 是短语动词)

短语动词的构成基本有下列几种:

1) 动词+副词,如:black out ;

2) 动词+介词,如:look into ;

3) 动词+副词+介词,如:look forward to 。构成短语动词的|副词和介词都统称为小品词(Particle )。

5.9非谓语动词?在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式,

动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。

1)不定式时态语态一般式完成式

2)动名词时态语态一般式完成式他说他要来。主动被动to do to be done to have done to have been done 主动被动doing being done having done having been done

3)分词时态语态一般式完成式主动被动doing being done having done having been done 否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名词,not + 现在分词

一、有些动词只能接不定式做宾语。例如:help ,hope,ask ,refuse ,decide ,promise ,wish ,pretend ,expect ,learn ,plan ,manage,agree ,fail ,offer ,happen,seem 等等。例如:He refused to speak on the radio.

二、有些动词或短语只接动名词做宾语:mind ,finish ,enjoy ,suggest ,consider ,miss ,keep(on),avoid ,stand (忍受),allow ,practice give up,put off ,look forward to ,feel like , prevent …from , can't help , be/get used to ,

be worth doing ,be busy doing 例如:His wife doesn't allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.

I'm looking forward to hearing from you soon. She doesn't feel like eating anything ,being ill for a few days.

三、有些动词后面既可接不定式,又可接动名词,其意义基本相同,区别不大。如;like ,love ,hate ,prefer .begin ,start. 注意:begin 和start 本身为进行时,或后面动词为心

理变化意义的动词时,须接不定式。例如:When we came in, they were beginning to have supper. After his explanation,

I began to understand it / realize that I was wrong.

四、有些词后面既可以接不定式.亦可接动名词,但其意义有很大区别,须特别注意: A .remember,forget ,接动名词,表示完成意义(=having done) ,接不定式,表示将来意义:例如:Please remember to bring me the book I want next time. I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.

B. mean meanto do=want to do 打算,想要....... ;meandoing :

意味着,就是例如:I am sorry, I didn't mean to hurt your

feelings ,Learning a foreign language doesn't mean just

working in class. C . stop : stop to do 停下来,要干另一件事,不定式作目的状语;stop doing停止干 .............. ,动名词作宾语。例如: After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest. After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.

D try try to do 努力试图干........ 事try doing 试着干........ 事

例如He searched . : ,,; : 。 : everywhere and tried

to find his key. He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job. E . want,need,require 接动名词

表示被动意义,表示"需要、该 ..... ";接不定式,表示"想,

要干... "。例如:The room wants cleaning. The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over) F . go on: go on to do

继续干和原来不同的另一件事,不定式作目的状语。go on doing 继续干原来同一件事,动名词作宾语。例如:After a smoke ,he went on telling us that interesting story. After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems. G.动词advise , allow , permit , forbid 后面接单宾语时用动名词,接复合宾语时用动词不定式。例如:Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit one's health. The doctor advised him to give up smoking so as to improve his health. She doesn't allow (permit) smoking in her

room.=She doesn't allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.

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初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表

初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表

初中英语时态专项练习 1、一般现在时。 通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。 一般现在时基本用法介绍 一、一般现在时的功能 1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。 2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。

3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。 二、一般现在时的构成: 肯定句: 1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词(形容词,介词短语) 2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它 第三人称单数+动词-s+其它 如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。 We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。 三、一般现在时的变化 否定句:1)主语+ be (is,am,are)+ not +其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。 2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它I don't like bread 第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play. 一般疑问句:1)Be(Is,Are) +主语+其它?如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not. 2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它? Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+? 注意:遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any.

初中英语动名词的用法

初中英语动名词的用法 动名词,即“动词原形+ing ”变成名词使用,具有双重性,既有动词的某些特征,有动词的各种变化形式;又有名词的某些性质,在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语。同时也能被副词修饰或者支配宾语。 一、动名词的名词的性质 1. 作主语 动名词作为主语有以下几种表现形式: 1) 直接作为主语。 例如: Taking exercise everyday is a good habit. Finding work is difficult these days. Walking is a good form of exercise for both young and old. [句中Walking (散步)作为句子主语,直接出现。句意:散步对年轻人和老年人是一项很好的运动。] 2) 用it 作形式主语,真正的主语作为后置主语。 例如: It isn't easy trying to climb the mountain. [ 句中It 作为形式主语,动名词短语trying to do sth. 才是真正的主语。] 能用于上述结构的形容词有:better,wonderful ,enjoyable,interesting,foolish ,

difficult ,useless,senseless,worthwhile 等。但是important, essential, necessary等形容词不能用于上述结构。 用it 代替动名词作形式主语的除了上述句型外,还有一种句型为: It is no use/ useless/ useful/ no good/ great fun/ a waste of time/ nice/ good+ v-ing 例如: It's no use trying to argue with him. 3) “ There be” 的结构 这种句型一般是否定形式,There是引导词,作为形式 主语,动名词做真正主语。意思是“不可能……”。 例如: There is no joking about such matters. 4) 告示或简略的警告用语中,动名词在祈使句中作主语一般是否定的、省略的形式。 例如: No climbing. (No climbing is allowed. ) 5) 组成复合结构动名词有自己的逻辑主语时,可在其前面加上所有 格, 使之变成复合结构,可作为句中主语。 例如:

初中英语常用动词习惯用法

常用动词习惯用法 1.allow sb to do sth 允许某人去做某事(后接动词不定式) My father allowed me to go out for a walk after finishing my homework. 2.asked sb (not) to do sth 叫某人做事某事(叫某人不要去做某事) My father asked me to study hard. He asked me not to swim alone. be asked to do sth 被叫去做某事/被邀请去做某事 I was asked to have a dinner with them yesterday. 3.be afraid to do sth 害怕做某事 She is afraid to ask me questions. 4.be afaid of doing sth 害怕做某事 I am afraid of going out at night. 5.be afaid of sth 害怕某物 He is afraid of snakes. 6.be amazed to do sth 对做某事感到惊讶 He was amazed to meet the girl there. be amazed at sth 对某事感到惊讶 they were amazed at the news. 7.be busy doing/with sth 忙于做某事(常考) : I was busy washing my car at that time. 那时候我正忙于清洗我的车子。 I am busy with my work. 8.be coming/going/leaving/fiying/moving/dying(某些位移动词用进行时态时表将 来) the bus is coming/the dog is dying. 9.be excited to do sth 对做……感到兴奋 Jacky was excited to travel there by plane. be excited at sth Lily was excited at his words. be excited about doing sth he was excited about passing the exam without going overing books. 10.be frightened to do sth 害怕去做某事 Sam is frightened to ride a horse. 11.be glad/happy to do sth 高兴去做某事 she is happy to clean the blackboard with me.

(完整)初中英语be动词用法

be动词用法 be动词的一般现在时有三种形式,即:am,is,are。 1.如果主语是第一人称I(我)时,be动词用am。 如:I am a student.我是一名学生。 I am还可缩写成I'm。如:I'm David.我是大卫。 2.如果主语是you(你,你们),they(他们,它们,她们)或名词复数(两个以上的人或物)时,be动词必须用are。如:Are you twelve?你是十二岁吗? Tom and Lily are good friends.汤姆和莉莉是好朋友。 They are at school. 他们在学校。 These are books. 这些是书。 We are students . 我们是学生。 are与主语还可缩写。 如:We are=We're,They are=They're,You are=You 're。而are与not可缩写成aren't。 如:They aren't students.他们不是学生。 但是am与not不能缩写。 3.如果主语是单数名词、不可数名词或单数第三人称代词(he,she,it)时,be动词用is. 如:My mother is a teacher.我的妈妈是一名老师。 He is a student.他是一名学生。 She is my friend.她是我的朋友。

It is a dog. 它是一只狗。 This is a bike .这是一辆自行车。 That is a cup . 那是一个杯子。 is也可与主语缩写, 如:He is=He's,My mother is=My mother's等。但是This is不可缩写。而is与not可缩写成isn't。 如:This isn't a book.这不是一本书。 [解题过程] 根据以上叙述我们可以把动词的用法以口诀的形式表述出来: 我(I)是am, 你(you)是are, 剩下is留给她(she),他(he),它(it), 两个以上都用are。 be动词用法歌 be动词真伟大,生出is, am, are。 我用am,你用are,is连接他,她,它。 单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。 变疑问,往前提,句末问号莫丢弃。 变否定,更容易,be后not莫忘记。 疑问否定任你变,句首大写莫迟疑。 1 用动词be (am,are,is)填空

中考初中英语语法八大时态总结(附答案)

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