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托福写作TPO7综合写作详细解析

智课网TOEFL备考资料

托福写作TPO7综合写作详细解析

阅读材料：

In an effort to encourage ecologically sustainable forestry practices, an international organization started issuing certifications to wood companies that meet high ecological standards by conserving resources and recycling materials. Companies that receive this certification can attract customers

by advertising their product as ecocertified. Around the world, many wood companies have adopted new, ecologically friendly practices in order to receive ecocertification. However, it is unlikely that wood companies in the United Stated will do the same, for several reasons.

为了能过促进林业的可持续发展，有个国际组织开始着手给那些达到了环保和再生利用要

求的木材公司颁发认证。获得认证的公司可以在广告商宣传自己是环保的，进而吸引消费者。在全球范围内来看，为了能得到环保认证，很多木材公司已经开始采用了环保策略。然而，

就美国的公司来讲不太会采取同样的措施，原因如下。

First, American consumers are exposed to so much advertising that they would not value or even pay attention to the ecocertification label. Because so many mediocre products are labeled “new”

or “improved,” American consumers do not place much trust in advertising claims in general.

首先，由于每天接受大量广告的轰炸，美国消费者对于环保标签并不是很在意。由于很多

的普通产品都标榜“创新”或者“升级”，美国消费者对于广告上生成的东西基本上不怎么信任。

Second, ecocertified wood will be more expensive than uncertified wood because in order to

earn ecocertification, a wood company must pay to have its business examined by a certification agency. This additional cost gets passed on to consumers – American consumers tend to be strongly motivated by price, and therefore they are likely to choose cheaper uncertified wood products. Accordingly, American wood companies will prefer to keep their prices low rather than obtain ecocertification.

第二，环保认证后的木材会比普通木材价格昂过，因为木材公司必须向认证机构支付审核费用才能得到相关的认证。这份额外的支出将会转嫁给消费者，而美国的消费者对于价格非常敏感。因而，他们将倾向于选择便宜的没有认证的产品。因而，美国的木材公司还是会选择低价格而非环保认证。

Third, although some people claim that it always makes good business sense for American companies to keep up with the developments in the rest of the world, this argument is not convincing. Pursuing certification would make sense for American wood companies only if they marketed most of their products abroad. But that is not the case – American wood businesses sell most of their products in the United States, catering to a very large customer base that is satisfied with the merchandise.

第三，尽管有人声称这样可以使美国的公司保持敏锐的商业触觉，跟上世界发展的脚步。但是，这样的说法是站不住脚的。只有当美国的木材公司主要市场是针对海外的时候，追求环保认证才变得有意义。但事实却并非如此。美国木材公司的产品主要在美国销售，而满足了主要消费者的需求就可以保证商业运行顺畅。

阅读部分需要提取的观点是：

- Main point: 环保认证对于美国木材公司意义不大

- Sub point 1:美国消费者对于广告上的环保认证并不信任

- Sub point 2:环保认证会提高产品价格，而美国的消费者对于价格敏感

- Sub point 3:这项认证只对海外市场有效，而美国木材公司的市场主要在国内

Well, despite what many people say, there is good reason to think that many American wood companies will eventually seek ecocertification for their wood products.

尽管有很多人那么说，但是还是有很充分的理由来促使美国木材公司逐渐为他们的产品寻

求环保认证的。

First of all, consumers in the United States don’t treat all advertising the same. They distinguish between advertising clams that companies make about their won products and claims made by independent certification agencies. Americans have a lot of confidence in independent consumer agencies. Thus ecologically-minded Americans are likely to react very favorable to wood products ecologically certified by an independent organization with an international reputation for trustworthiness.

首先，美国消费者对于不同广告的态度也是不一样的。他们可以区分哪些是公司企图宣传

产品的广告说辞，哪些是来自独立认证机构的评价。美国人对于独立消费机构的评判还是很

有信心的。美国人很有环保理念。因而，拥有来自于国际声望独立组织认证的木材产品还是

很有兴趣的。

Second point, of course it’s true that American consumers care a lot about price. Who doesn’t?

bu t studies of how consumers make decisions show that price alone determines consumers’ decisions only when the price of one competing product is much higher or lower than another. When the price difference between two products is small, say, less than five percent as is the case with certified wood, Americans often do choose on factors other than price. And Americans are becoming increasingly convinced of the value of preserving and protecting the environment.

第二，诚然美国消费者对价格很敏感。可是谁不是这样的呢?但是消费选择的研究发现只有当价格差很大的时候价格才会成为唯一的决定因素。当两个产品的价格差很小，比如小于百

分之五的时候，其他因素就会影响美国消费者的选择。而认证木材的价格差恰好在这个范围。而且美国人越来越重视环境保护了。

And third, US wood companies should definitely pay attention to what’s going on in the wood business internationally, not because of foreign consumers but because of foreign competition. As I just told you, there’s a good chance that many American consumers will be interested in ecocertified products. And guess what? If American companies are slow capturing those customers, you can be sure that foreign companies will soon start crowing into the American market, offering ecocertified wood that domestic companies don’t.

第三，美国木材公司必须要关注国际木柴行业的趋势。这不是因为国外的消费者，而是因

为国外的同行。我可以告诉大家，美国的消费者会对环保产品越来越感兴趣，而这是一个极佳的机会。为什么呢?这是因为如果美国的公司没有及时地抓住消费者，那么当国外的公司提供美国所没有的环保产品，他们可以很快递占领美国市场。

听力笔记内容：

Main point: prejudice

Sub point one: don’t, the same, independent certification, ecologically certified

Sub point two: much higher or lower, less than five percent, value, environment

Sub point three: foreign competition, interested, offering ecocertified wood

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The reading passage explores the topic of the “Let it burn” policy. The professor’s lecture deals with the same issue. However, she thinks that the “Let it burn”policy is fundamental positive policy, which contradicts what the reading states. And in the lecture, she uses three specific points to support her idea. First, the professor argues in the lecture that the fire enhanced the diversity of vegetation in Yellowstone Park, even though the reading passage suggests that Yellowstone fires caused tremendous damage to the park's trees and other vegetation. This is because that the fire has created a opportunity for some new plants to grow, for instance, the small plants which needed open un-shaded area and the seeds which demanded high levels of heat to germinate, which means that the small vegetations would had a better environment after the large trees had been destroyed. Obviously, the professor's argument disproves its counterpart in the reading. Moreover, despite the statement in the reading that the park wildlife was affected, and there was also concern that the destruction of habitats and food chains, the professor states that the fire also created new opportunities for some animals’ thriving that the population could recover and strengthened certain food chains. Then he supports this point with the fact that, for example, the new plants offered perfect habitats for some animals like rabbits and hares, and promote their predators’ booming the

托福TPO48独立写作题目文本+满分范文

为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO48独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。托福TPO48独立写作题目原文： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Because modern life is very complex, it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/31423532.html,e specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 托福TPO48独立写作满分范文1： Increasingly sophisticated technology, explosive information and intricate international relationships all work together to complicate the modern life, which makes our modern people somewhat overwhelmed. Individuals whoever want to have a better control of one’s life must equip themselves with some essential skills or abilities. Planning and organizing, which embodies the skill of anticipating, influencing, and controlling, in my view, is becoming gradually important in coping with today’s complication especially for the young who are always the most passionate but also with less self-control. First of all, planning helps keep one on course in achieving goals and crystallize objectives. Young people always possess some grand dreams which may take years to accomplish. Planning ahead, on the one hand, could effectively put one on the right track thus prevent energy from being scattered or wasted. A survey conducted by experts from Oxford University shows that over 90% of elites and enterprisers had precise objects and made plans for decades later at very young age. Like Bill Gates, one of the most prominent persons I have ever seen, discontinued their studies since he was definite aware of what he should do in order to become the leader of IT field. On the other hand, plans, which are organized step by step, could turn the ultimate goals into several achievable ones. With achievable objective achieved one by one, the ultimate goal will finally be attained. Besides, planning and organizing help to promise one’s best performance in most occasions. Panning means trying to anticipate all the possibilities and arrange things in a scientific order. It clearly tells people what to do currently and what should do the next, which prevents disorder or chaos. Thus, people may feel assured and will be with less stress. For example, a student who sticks to a study plan is less likely to be nervous thus will be more likely to have better performance than those who crams for tests. Today youngsters are exposed with fierce competitions but also abundant opportunities. Good performance is key to hold these opportunities in hand. It is undeniable that our society changes at such a quick pace that we cannot plan everything in previous. But this by no means implies that the ability is not important. Without a plan, complex things will only get more complicated. Abraham Lincoln reportedly once said, “If I had 60 minutes to cut down a tree, I would spend 40 minutes sharpening the ax and 20 minutes cutting it down.” Planning is just like “sharpening the ax”, which will no doubt facilitate a task easy done. All in all, though the ability of planning and organizing may not be omnipotent for people

托福写作评分标准

托福写作评分标准公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

托福写作评分标准托福写作评分包括机器评分以及人工评分两部分: 机器评分E-rater- 语法是否正确、用词是否得当、以及单词拼写及大小写是否准确等方面, 一篇考生的文章会经过两台机器评分。人工评分通过ETS阅卷人评分，综合写作和独立写作分别有两位阅卷人给出分数。托福写作原始分数为0-5分，考生得分分为三个level GOOD，FAIR，LIMITED 最终成绩通过两个科目的分数取平均分，再换算为30分制的分数。详解托福综合写作的评分细则

综合写作是托福写作板块中的其中一项。托福考试的写作部分分为综合(Integrated writing)和独立(Independent writing)两块，这两块分别独立评分，取平均值后得到最终的分数。也就是说，这两个部分各占一半权重，因此应给予相同程度的重视。关于这两部分的了解，强烈建议同学们自己去看看ETS出版的托福考试官方指南(OG)，OG里面对于考试形式和评分标准有非常详尽的介绍，有些同学在准备输出端考试(写作或者口语)的时候，居然连评分细则都不看，仅凭自己的主观臆测和对于老师讲解的依稀记忆去打造自己的文章，考不好真的不奇怪。下面，我们就来分析一下托福考试的评分细则。综合写作的满分要求是： A response at this level successfully selects the important information from the lectu 5分：文章切题，阐说充分，文章有说服力;段落组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，有很强的逻辑性;段落内句与句连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活，娴熟;用词确切，得体。文章中有个别语法拼写错误，但不影响内容表达。 4分：文章切题，阐说基本充分，在某些细节上有缺陷。段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，逻辑性强;句间连接顺畅，句式使用恰当，灵活;用词基本得体。文章中有少量用词不当和语法拼写错误。 3分：文章切题，阐说尚可，展开不够。段落层次组织有序，衔接紧密，过渡自然，有逻辑性;句间连接基本顺畅;有部分句法错误;用词一般，有时不得体。词性区分和拼写等有若干错误