广州版英语7下4单元讲义

Unit 4 Save our trees

一、课前热身，挑战单词和短语。

拯救________ 松树________ 讨论________ 树枝________ 根________

与……作斗争________ 反对________ 例子________ 有害的________

气体________ 产生________ 氧气________ 主要的________ 方便的________ 家具________ 想象________ 疾病________ 挖________ 洞______ 搬________ 容器________ 吸收________ 来自________ 例如________ 确切地说________ 环顾四周________ 由……制成________ 大量的________ 对……有用________

根据______________ 因此_________________ 擅长于___________

砍掉______________ 尽某人最大的努力__________________

在某人的日常生活中_________________吸收________________

Reading

A:

1.branch n.树枝;分公司

We often cut some branches off the trees in our city in early spring.

【链接】分店；分行；分公司

The bank has branches all over the country.

2. root 根

Trees need roots to take in water and food from the soil.

3. fight (fought ,fought) 与……作斗争

He fought against the illness for two years.

【链接】fight: 打架；战斗；争吵；争取fighter : 战士；斗士

Trees are great fighters against pollution.

4. against 反对

Many people are against the plan .

【提示】against 还有如下常见用法。

(1)表示“靠；倚”。如：I put the ladder against the wall.

(2)表示“防止；预防”。如：Have you had an injection against the disease ?

5. example 例子

This dictionary gives many examples of how words are used in sentences.

6. harmful 有害的

Strong sunlight can be harmful to your baby .

【反义】harmless 无害的；无危险的

Don’t be frightened—— these insects are harmless.

【链接】harm 危害；损害

These chemicals harm the environment.

Make sure the children don’t come to any harm.

7.gas 气体

Hydrogen and oxygen are gases. 氢气和氧气都是气体。

【提示】gas 在美式英语中常用于表示“汽油”。

8. produce 产生；生产

The factory produces cars.

What does the farm produce?

【链接】product 产品；制品

The company has just launched a new product.

9. oxygen 氧气

We need oxygen to breathe. 我们需要氧气来呼吸。

10. major 主要的

There are airports in all the major cities.

【近义】main 主要的

【反义】minor 较小的；次要的

Don’t worry ———it’s only a minor problem.

11. convenient 方便的

Let’s meet on Friday. What’s the most convenient time for you?

【反义】inconvenient 不方便的

【链接】conveniently 方便地

We live conveniently close to the shops.

12.furniture 家具

All the furniture is very good.

【提示】furniture 是不可数名词，表示“一件家具”时需要用a piece of furniture . 如：The only piece of furniture in the room was a large bed.

13. imagine 想象；设想

Can you imagine life without electricity?

I closed my eyes and imagined I was lying on a beach.

【链接】imagination想象力；想象

He has a lively imagination.

一般现在时

基本结构

肯定式疑问式否定式否定疑问式

I work. Do you work? I do not work. Don't you work?

You work. Do you work? You do not work. Don't you work?

We work. Do you work? We do not work. Don't you work?

They work. Do they work? They do not work. Don't they work?

He(She,It) Does he(she,it) He(She,It) does not Doesn't he(she it)

works. work? work. work? 变化规律

情况构成方法读音例词

一般情况加-s 清辅音后读/s/

浊辅音和元

音后读/z/ swim-swims；help-helps；like-

likes

以o结尾的词加-s或-es 读/z/ goes,does 以ss,sh,ch,x等结

尾的词

加-es watches

以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y 为i再

加es

读/z/ study-studies

具体运用

1.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。

时间状语：always, usually, regularly, every

morning/night/evening/day/week/year,often,sometimes,occasionally,fro m time to time,twice a week,rarely, seldom, once a month, hardly, ever, never.

e.g. I leave home for school at 7:00 every morning.

.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态。

e.g. I don't want so much.

Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup.

I am doing my homework now.

表达方法

主要通过谓语动词的变化和用时间词语来表示，其中最主要的是谓语动词的变化。现在一般时动词变化的规则是：

1.如果主语是名词复数和第一人称I、we ，谓语动词不用做任何变化，即仍然用动词原型表示：

We usually go to school at 7:30. 我们通常7:30上学去。[go]

My parents give ten yuan to my sister every week.我父母每星期给我妹妹十元钱。[give]

2.主语是任何一个单数名词或者是第三人称单数，谓语动词要进行必要的变化。特别提一点：不可数名词也算作单数处理。

3.谓语动词的变化规律是：

(1) 在动词后加-s，-es

read - reads，write - writes，say - says

(2) 以s，x，ch，sh 结尾的词加-es

teach - teaches，wash - washes，guess - guesses

(3) 以辅音字母+y结尾的词变y为i再加-es

try - tries，carry - carries

(4) 特殊变化的词

be (是) - am, is, are

I am

she/he/it, 名词单数都用is

we, you, they, 名词复数都用are

have (有) - have, has

I, we, you, they, 名词复数都用have

she/he/it is, 名词单数都用has

现在进行时

构成:主语+be+动词ing〔现在分词〕形式

第一人称+am+v-ing

第二人称+are+v-ing

第三人称+is+v-ing

定义：现在进行时表示现在或当前一般时间正在进行的动作。

可以表示有计划的未来。也是一般现在时表将来。

现在进行时的基本用法：

a. 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。

We are waiting for you.

b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。

Mr. Green is writing another novel.

(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)

She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.

c.已经确定或安排好的将来活动

I'm leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了）

we're flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了）

d.有些动词（状态动词不用于进行时态）

1.表示知道或了解的动词:believe,doubt,forget,imagine,know, remember,realize,suppose,understand

2.表示“看起来”“看上去"appear,resemble,seem

3表示喜爱或不喜爱hate,like.lover.prefer

4表示构成或来源的动词be come from.contain,include

5表示感官的动词hear see smell sound taste

6表示拥有的动词belong to.need.own .possess.want wish

【No. 1】现在进行时的构成

现在进行时由"be+v-ing"构成。be应为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。

【No. 2】现在进行时的应用

在实际运用时，现在进行时常用以下几种情况：

(1)当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：

They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。

(2)以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如：Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。

(3)表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如：We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。

(4)描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如：Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园

放风筝。

【No. 3】现在进行时的变化

肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.

否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.

一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？

特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？

对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Y es或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。

现在进行时最容易出现错误的地方在动词的现在分词形式，我们在复习的时候要特别注意不规则动词的变化形式。例如：

taking，taking是take的ing形式,以e结尾要去e加ing;

swimming，beginning，putting,要双写最后一个字母,之后加ing;

buying,playing,teaching,等大部分单词直接加ing.

有一些特殊变化(或者说以ie为结尾的重读闭音节的动词)的现在分词〔有3个〕,:lying—lie, dying ―die tying―tie 这些以ie结尾要去e再把I变y再加ing．

一、用所给动词的正确形式完成下列句子。

1. Please be quiet . I ___________.

2.—Where is John ? —He’s in the kitchen . He ____________________.

3.—Y ou ________ on my foot. —Oh , I’m sorry.

4. Look! Somebody ____________ in the river .

5. We’re here on holiday. We ____________ at the Central Hotel.

6.—Where’s Ann ? —She __________________ a shower.

7. They _____________ a new theatre in the city centre at the moment .

8. I _____________ now . Goodbye.

二、用am , is , are 或do , don’t , does , doesn’t 填空。

1.Excuse me, __________ you speak English ?

2.—Where’s Ann ? —I _________ know.

3.What’s funny ? Why _________ you laughing ?

4.—What ________ your sister do ? —She’s a dentist.

5.It _________ raining. I ___________ want to go out in the rain .

6.—Where ___________ you come from ? —Canada.

7.How much _____________ it cost to phone Canada ?

8.George is a good tennis player but he __________ play very often.

三、用所给动词的一般现在时或现在进行时完成下列句子。

1.___________ ( I / not / watch ) television very often.

build cook go have stand stay swim work

2.Listen ! Somebody ______________ (sing).

3.Sandra is . ___________( she/ want ) to go home now.

4.How often ___________ ( you/ read) a newspaper ?

5.—Excuse me , but ___________ （you / sit）in my place. —Oh , I’m sorry.

6.I’m sorry ___________(I / not / understand) . Can you speak more slowly ?

7.What time _____________ ( your father / finish ) work in the evening ?

8.Y ou can turn off the radio . ______________(I / not / listen ) to it.

9.—Where is Paul ? —In the kitchen. __________ ( he / cook ) something .

10.Sue ___________(not/ like ) coffee. ___________(she / prefer ) tea.

11.(At a party ) Usually I ___________(enjoy) parties but I _________(not/ enjoy)this one

very much .

Talk time

辅音连缀/sk/ /sp/ /st/ /sl/ /sm/ /pl/ /pr/ /kw/ 和/tw/

音素字母组合例词发音要领

/sk/

sk-

sch-

sc-

-sk

-sc

skill skate

school scholar

score scan

risk desk

disc

当/sk/、/st/、/sp/的辅音连缀

出现在单词的开头时，清辅

音/k/、/p/、/t/都应发成其对

应的浊化的辅音，即/g/、/b/、

/d/,这种现象称为“清辅音的

浊化”。但当它们出现在词尾

时，不发生清辅音的浊化。

/sp/

sp-

-sp

spell spider

crisp grasp

/st/

st-

-st

steam stand

west fast

/sl/

sl-

-stle

-scle

-cel

-cil

-ssil

slow slide

whistle castle

muscle

cancel parcel

pencil

fossil

这三个组合音出现在音节开

头时，两个辅音应分开念，/l/、

/m/、/n/音应与其后的元音拼

读在一起；当它们出现在词

尾时，是“成节音”，好似读

一个音一般。

/sm/

sm-

-sm

smile smart

socialism

/pl/

pl-

-pl

-ple

please place

reply

purple simple

/pr/ pr- proud prince

这三个组合音通常出现在某

一音节的开头。这两个辅音

/kw/ qu- quit quiet

通常分开念。/r/和/w/音应与

其后的元音拼读在一起。

/tw/ tw- twin twenty

综合练习

语法选择

San Francisco Bay is a of bright blue water. Y ou can travel the highest hill cable car or on foot. Sports-lovers can come and watch American football or baseball games. Food-lovers will find delicious fish and seafood at our great restaurants. If you the famous Golden Gate Bridge, you’ll find beautiful lakes, trees and gardens in Golden Gate Park. Y ou can fish, walk or play tennis in the park. Would you like to Chinese New Y ear’s Day in San Francisco? Then take part in wonderful festival. San Francisco’s Chinatown is the one outside Asia. People will find all kinds of food from its big green gate.

1. A. harbour B. hometown C. habit D. hay

2. A. behind B. after C. down D. up

3. A. outside B. on C. by D. above

4. A. another B. other C. others D. the others

5. A. go cross B. through C. across D. cross

6. A. spend B. spends C. spent D. spending

7. A. they B. they’s C. their D. theirs

8. A. least B. smaller C. largest D. larger

9. A. Australia B. America C. British D. China

10. A. behind B. before C. inside D. Outside

完型填空

London is the 1 city in 2 . There’re over seven 3 people there. London is also one of the most important 4 in the world. Y ou can find some of the best theatres and museums of the world there. There are many high buildings and beautiful parks, 5 . In London, you may 6 many interesting places. The River Thames is a very beautiful river. There are 7 boats and ships coming and going on it. Many people from 8 countries go on boat 9 on the River. Tower Bridge is near the Tower of London. Boats leave Tower Bridge every half 10 .

1.A. big B. biggest C. smallest D. small

2.A. Britain B. France C. China D. English

3.A. millions B. million C. hundreds D. hundred

4.A. city B. country C. cities D. countries

5.A. also B. either C. as D. too

6.A. visited B. visits C. visit D. visiting

7.A. much B. many C. a lot D. any

8.A. other B. anther C. others D. the other

9.A. journeys B. ride C. driver D. trips

10.A. a hour B. hours C. hour D. year

阅读理解

At school many things happen to us．We may feel excited when we have success in a school play．We may feel sorry if we lose an important game．We want to keep the memory for the rest of our lives．

How to keep the memory?Our English teacher，Miss Wang，has taught us a good way of remembering things—to make our own yearbook．What is a yearbook?A yearbook is a kind of book which is used to keep the memory of exciting moments．It’s usually made at the end of the year．

Last December，we began to make our yearbook．First we chose the persons who had done something special，then some students interviewed(采访)them，some wrote down their stories，others took photos of them．Everyone in our class had something to do．Finally our teacher helped us to put the things together．We had our first yearbook．

All of us put a lot of love into making the yearbook．It is so wonderful that not only the students but also our parents and teachers will remember the special time for ever．

1．When we have success in a school play，we may feel_______．

A．sorry B．angry C．excited D．interested

2．Miss Wang’s good way of remembering things is to________.

A．buy a new book B．write down stories C．take a lot of photos D．make a yearbook 3．A yearbook is made to_________.

A．take notes B．keep the memory C．do our homework D．remember English words 4．Usually a yearbook is made in_________.

A．January B．February C．May D．December

5．We made our first yearbook________.

A．without any help B．without putting our love into it

C．with the help of our teacher D．with the help of our parents

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home town 家乡crowded 拥挤的somewhere 在某处tuk-tuk 小车 wheel 车轮 fresh 新鲜的abroad 在国外relative 亲戚 relax 放松 send 寄 postcard 明信片tennis 网球 court 球场waterfall 瀑布camp 营地 U2 interview 采访natural 自然的 air conditioner 空调insect 昆虫 warn 警告 join 加入

root 根 pass 给communicate 交流danger 危险 burn （使）烧毁destroy 摧毁pollution 污染fighter 奋斗者article 文章rubbish 垃圾noise 噪声without 没有reason 原因 alive 活着的above 在……上面childhood 童年disappear 消失waste 浪费 seem 似乎 result 结果produce 生产 gas气体

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一、选出你所听到的单词。 1. ( ) A. policema n B. policewoma n

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