高中英语人教版必修一：Unit 3单元笔记

【Unit 3笔记】

1．fitness n．健康；健壮；适合

（1）physical fitness身体健康fitness club健身俱乐部

（2）fit adj．健康的keep fit保持健康

It's important to put the fitness program into practice．实施这项健身计划很重要。

To be honest，fitness has a great effect on your study．诚实地说，健康对于你的学习有很大的影响。

It is known to all that you won't keep fit if you don't exercise．众所周知，如不进行有规律的锻炼，你就不会健康。

In order to keep fit，you'd better join the fitness club．为了保持身体健康，你最好参加健身俱乐部。

2．host vt．主办；主持n．主人；东道主；节目主持人

the host city举办城市the host nation东道国

Zhangjiakou，a beautiful city in northern China，will host the Youth Ski Race in December．

张家口，一个美丽的中国北方城市，将在12月举办青年滑雪比赛。

As is known to us，Tokyo will be the host city for the next Olympic Games．

众所周知，东京是下届奥林匹克运动会的主办城市。

When choosing a city to host the Olympic Games，we need to consider many things．

选择一个城市举办奥运会时，我们需要考虑许多事情。

I am lucky enough to be chosen as one of the hosts．我很幸运能被选为东道主之一。

3．honour n．荣誉；尊敬；荣幸vt．尊敬

（1）in honour of为了纪念

It's my great honour to do sth．我非常荣幸做某事

（2）honour sb. as ．．．尊称某人为……

（3）honoured adj.（感到）荣幸的；光荣的feel honoured to do sth.做某事感到荣幸

As a player，Lang Ping brought honour and glory to her country．作为一名运动员，郎平为自己的国家赢得了荣誉。It's not only a great responsibility but also a great honour to hold the Olympic Games．

举办奥运会不仅承担巨大的责任同时也享有极大的荣誉。

Tom is the first student in our school to win such a special honour．汤姆是我们学校第一个获此殊荣的学生。

I feel honoured to be invited to give you a lecture on how to improve English reading ability．

我很荣幸能受邀为大家做一场关于如何提高英语阅读能力的讲座。

We celebrate Teachers'Day every year in honour of teachers．我们每年都庆祝教师节以纪念教师。

4．determination n．决心；决定

（1）with determination决心

（2）determine vt．决定；确定；下决心determine to do sth．决定做某事

determine on/upon sth．/doing…决定…

（3）determined adj．决心的be determined to do sth．决心做某事（表示状态）

When the Chinese team was preparing for the 2015 World Cup，her determination was tested．

当中国队备战2015年世界杯时，她的决心受到了考验。

Only those who have enough courage and determination can overcome the difficulty they meet with．

只有那些有足够勇气和决心的人才能克服他们所遇到的困难。

I have determined on going to the countryside after graduation．我已决定毕业后到农村去。

♥ Li Hua is a young man with great determination．He determined to go to Tibet after graduation．Determined never to come back before he could make a big fortune，he left home without saying a word．

李华是个有决心的年轻人。他决定毕业后去西藏。他下定决心在发大财之前绝不再回来，一句话也没说就离开了家。

5．injure vt ． 使受伤；损害

（1）injure one 's pride 伤了某人的自尊

（2）injured adj ． 受伤的；受委屈的 the injured 伤员 【the ＋adj ． 表示一类人，谓语动词用复数】

（3）injury n ． 伤，伤口；伤害 do an injury to sb ． 伤害某人

One of the best players had been injured ， and the team captain had to leave because of heart problems ．

最好的球员之一受伤了，队长因为心脏问题不得不离开。

Believe it or not ， what you said just now injured his pride ．信不信由你，你刚才说的话伤了他的自尊心。

He injured his left leg when playing football ．他踢足球时左腿受了伤。

A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning ，and he has often been in chair ．

战争中的受伤使他的左手停止了功能，他经常坐在椅子上。

6．strength n ．力量；体力； 强项；优势 (词汇题中可由strong 变化而来）

（1）build up one 's strength 增强体质 strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点（名词都要用复数）

（2）strengthen vt ． & vi ． 加强；增强

Jordan 's skills were impressive ，but the mental strength that he showed made him unique ．

乔丹的技术令人印象深刻，但他所展现的精神力量使他与众不同。

As a teacher you should know the strengths and weaknesses of your students ．

作为一名老师，你应当了解你的学生的优点和缺点。

Bill is doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his strength ．比尔为了强身健体而进行大量体育锻炼。

We had better strengthen the relationship between them ．我们最好加强他们之间的关系。

To build up our strength ，we often hold all kinds of activities ，such as playing basketball and table tennis ．

为了强身健体，我们经常在体育场组织各种各样的活动，例如：打篮球，乒乓球等。

7．compete vi ．竞争；对抗

（1）compete in 参加…比赛；在…方面竞争 compete for 为…而竞争 compete with/against 与…对抗/竞争

（2）competition n ．比赛； 竞争 competitive adj ．竞争的； 有竞争力的 competitor n ．竞争者； 对手，

An athlete should think about honour and his/her fans if he/she is competing for his/her country ．

如果一个运动员在为他/她的国家比赛，他/她应该考虑荣誉和他/她的球迷。

How many countries competed in the ancient Olympic Games ？古代奥运会有多少国家参加？

Only by competing with/against each other can we make great progress in our study ．

只有相互竞争，我们才能在学习上取得巨大进步。

♥ All the excited competitors are competing for the honor of winning the gold medal in the competition ．

所有激动的参赛者都在为在比赛中赢得金牌而竞争。

8．pretend vi ．&vt ．假装；装扮

pretend ＋{ to be 假装是……

to do sth.假装 要 做某事to be doing sth.假装正在做某事to have done sth.假装做了某事

pretend to do sth ； pretend to be doing ； pretend to have done sth ．分别表示现在、进行和完成的动作。

I 'd like to pretend that I 'm okay because I don 't want to make my parents worry about me ．

我装作没事，只是不想使我父母担心我。

The man pretended to be a police officer to cheat others ．男子假扮警官骗人。

I don't suggest you should pretend things are better than they are．我不建议你们假装事情比实际情况更好。

So I carried around a book，and each night，just to be like her I would pretend to be reading．（假装正在做）

所以我随身携带一本书，每天晚上，为了和她一样，我都会假装在读书。

Mary pretended to have finished her homework and went out to play with her classmates．（假装已经做完）

玛丽假装做完作业，出去和同学们玩。

①She pretended she didn’t know me when we met in the street，which really made me upset．（宾语从句）

②She pretended not to know me when we met in the street，which really made me upset．（不定式）

我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很伤心。（一句多译）

9．diet n．规定饮食；日常饮食vi．节食

go on a diet节食，控制饮食（表动作）

be on a diet在节食（表状态）

a balanced/healthy diet均衡的/健康的饮食

I worried about my weight and tried every new diet I read about online．

我担心自己的体重，尝试了我在网上读到的每一种新的饮食。

She is on a diet，hoping to become slimmer．她正在节食，希望变得更苗条些。

No sugar in my coffee，please；I'm dieting．请别在我的咖啡中加糖，我正在节食。

During festivals and celebrations，doctors remind people to have a balanced diet．

在节日和庆祝活动期间，医生提醒人们要保持饮食均衡。

10．stress n．压力；紧张；重音vt．强调；重读；使焦虑不安vi．焦虑不安

（1）under stress在压力之下

（2）stress the importance of强调……的重要性

（3）stressful adj．产生压力的；紧张的stressed adj．感到压力的

A good way to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with your best friend．减少压力的好方法是与你的好朋友聊聊感受。Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress．人在压力之下，办事容易出差错。

He stressed that we should pay more attention to our safety in particular．他强调我们尤其要多注意安全。

♥ After a stressful week of examination，all the students were very stressed and tired，so they often get angry under stress．经过一周紧张的考试，所有的学生都非常紧张和疲惫，所以他们经常由于压力而生气。

11．come along跟随；到达；进步；赶快

come across（偶然）遇见；碰见；被理解；被弄懂

come about发生（无被动形式）

come on加油；到来；得了吧

come out出版；结果是；（花）开放

come up长出地面；（太阳）升起；发生；被提及；被讨论（无被动形式）

Would you like to come along？你愿意一起去吗？

She wants to come along with us to the movie．她想跟我们一起去看电影。

He spoke for a long time but his meaning did not come across．他讲了很久，但没把意思讲明白。

Can you tell me how the accident came about？你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？

A chance like this doesn't come along every day．像这样的机会不是每天都有的。

Something unexpected came up at the meeting yesterday．昨天会议上出现了一些意外的事情。

How did this crazy situation come about？这种疯狂的局面是如何出现的？

12．work out锻炼；计算出；解决；弄清；制定出

work as从事某种职业

work on/upon从事；忙于；继续工作

work for为……而工作

Come and work out at a gym！来健身房锻炼吧！

Can you work out the maths problem？你能算出这道数学题吗？

He knows he can not work as a good painter．他知道他成不了一个好画家。

He works on his model plane．他把精力花在飞机模型上。

【work词组】

（1）I work out regularly to keep fit．锻炼

（2）You have to work out a plan as quickly as possible．制定出

（3）You can work out the answer by adding all the numbers．计算出

（4）Tom came up with a way to work out the physical problem．解决

13．make it获得成功；准时到达

be made up of由……构成

make up for弥补

make out填写；辨认出；理解

make sense讲得通；有意义

Sweat your way to good health！You can make it！流汗是健康之道！你能行！

As long as you have a dream，keep trying and you'll make it．只要你有梦想，不断努力就会成功。

A computer is made up of many different parts．电脑由许多不同的部件组成。

She doesn't talk much，but what she says makes sense．她的话不多，但言之有理。

We're working hard to try to make up for the lost time．我们在努力工作，试图弥补失去的时间。

I’m really sorry，but I won’t be able to make it on Sunday after all．真的很抱歉，我星期天根本赶不到。

14．set an example树立榜样

set an example to sb．给某人树立榜样

follow one’s example效仿某人

take… for example以……为例

Parents should set an example to their children．父母们应该为其子女树立榜样。

As is known to us，Lei Feng sets a good example to us all．众所周知，雷锋给我们树立了一个好榜样。Great changes have taken place in our city．Take traffic for example，many new roads have been built．

我们城市发生了很大的变化，拿交通为例，修建了许多新道路。

Helen，who never loses heart in face of danger，has set an excellent example to us．

面对困难海伦从不灰心丧气，她给我们树立了一个好榜样。

15．lose heart丧失信心；泄气（没有冠词）

lose one's heart to爱上……

put one's heart into专心于

heart and soul全心全意；完全地

Losing two important players was a big challenge，but Lang Ping did not lose heart．

失去两名重要球员是一个很大的挑战，但郎平没有失去信心。

I'll never lose heart even if I should fail ten times．即使失败10次，我也不灰心。

You can do anything well if you put your heart into it．如果你全身心地投入，你什么都能做好。

You can never lose heart in face of difficulty．面对困难你绝不能丧失信心。

16．give up放弃；投降

give in屈服；投降

give back归还；恢复

give up放弃；认输

give off放出，散发（光、热、烟、气味等）

give away分发；赠送；泄露

Whatever difficulties you have，you should not give up．无论你有多少困难，都不应该放弃。

In my view，you should give up smoking．依我看来，你应该戒烟。

My brother is a determined boy and never gives in to difficulties．我哥哥是一个意志坚强的男孩，从不向困难屈服。

【give词组】

（1）The enemy had no choice but to give in to us．

（2）These wild flowers give off a nice smell．

（3）She has decided to give up her job and start her own business．

17．make sense有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

（1）make sense of理解；明白make no sense没道理；没意义

（2）There is no sense in doing sth．做……没道理

This sentence just doesn't make sense，no matter how you read it．无论你怎样读这个句子，它还是讲不通。

He doesn't talk much，but what he says makes sense．他话不多，但言之有理。

As far as I'm concerned，there is no sense in getting upset about it now．就我而言，现在为这事苦恼是没有意义的。【词汇升级】

♥ There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly understand them at all．

→There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense of them at all．

18．make a difference有作用或影响

（1）make no difference （to sb．/sth．）对……没有作用或影响

make some difference （to sb．/sth．）对某人/物有些作用或影响

（2）tell the difference分辨；区分；区别

I had no idea a letter could make such a difference．我不知道一封信能产生如此大的影响。

Luckily，my teacher often tells me that every small thing can make a big difference．

幸运的是，老师觉察到我的问题，告诉我小事情也能起到重要作用。

His words make no difference to her，for she is quite stubborn．他的话对她不起作用，因为她很固执。

【词汇升级】

♥ I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible．I hope my behaviors will work．

→I will help clean up the roadside litter whenever possible．I hope my behaviors will make a difference．

19．rather than而不是

（1）would rather dothat do

would do ratherthan do

prefer to do ratherthan do

}宁愿……而不愿

（2）other than不同于；除了……以外more than超过；不仅仅是；非常

I prefer to work rather than sit there doing nothing．我宁愿干活也不愿坐在那里无所事事。

I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee．我想要冷饮，不要咖啡。

I'd like to go there by train rather than by air．我宁愿坐火车而不是乘飞机去那儿。

The students，rather than their teacher，are going to have a picnic this weekend．

学生们，而不是他们的老师，这个周末要去野餐了。

I'm more than glad to receive your letter，asking about what customs you should pay attention to when visiting a friend．

我非常高兴收到你的来信，询问你拜访朋友时应该注意哪些习俗。

①Most men prefer to spend the weekends at home rather than go shopping．

②Most men would rather spend the weekends at home than go shopping．

③Most men would spend the weekends at home rather than go shopping．

多数男士喜欢在家过周末而不愿去购物。（一句多译）

20．compare…with/to…与……比较

compare with与……比较compare… to…把……比喻为……

Finally，I stopped comparing myself with actresses and models and looking for things that were wrong with my face or body．最后，我不再拿自己和女演员、模特做比较，也不再寻找我的脸或身体有什么问题。

Sure，we have learned not to compare ourselves with others．我们已经知道不要与别人比较。

Young people are often compared to the rising sun．年轻人常被比喻作冉冉升起的太阳。

21．名词短语作同位语

Zhangjiakou，a beautiful city in northern China，will host the Youth Ski Race in December．

张家口，一个美丽的中国北方城市，将在12月举办青年滑雪比赛。

John，chairman of the Student's Union，will call on us to help those students in need．

约翰，学生会主席，号召我们帮助有需要的学生。

Mary，a very famous singer，is a great success now．玛丽，一位著名的歌手，现在是一位成功人士。

【温馨提示】牢记chairman，president，monitor 作同位语时无冠词！

22．“The secret to sth．is…”表示“的秘诀是……”

The key to sth．is…关键是……（to 为介词，后跟名词或v．－ing．）

The truth is…事实是……

Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures．乔丹总是说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。The secret to the success of him is dealing with disappointment and failure in a positive way．

他成功的秘诀在于用积极的态度对待失望和失败。

The truth is that you have made a wrong decision．事实是你做了一个错误的决定。

The secret to happiness is having a positive attitude towards life．幸福的秘诀是对生活有积极的心态。

23．even if意为“即使”，用作连词，引导让步状语从句。

A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team．

足球运动员不应该假装摔倒，即使这对他/她的球队有帮助。

I won't take part in his party even if he invites me．即使他邀请我，我也不去参加他的聚会。

He is willing to help us even if he is very busy．尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。

Even if I fail this time，I will try again．即使这次失败了，我还要再试试。

24．once意为“一旦”，引导条件状语从句。

Once I started thinking about fitness rather than weight，things began to change．

一旦我开始考虑健身而不是体重，事情就开始改变了。

Once he is determined to do something he is interested in，Mr.Wang seldom changes his mind．

一旦他决定做什么事，你就不能让他改变主意。

Once you make a promise，you should keep it．一旦你许下诺言，你就应该遵守诺言。

Once you have a better understanding of the Chinese table manners，you will know what to do at the dinner party．

一旦你了解了中国餐桌礼仪，你就知道在晚宴上做什么了。

25.句子升级

④我意识到了不健康的生活习惯引起的危害。（which引导定语从句）

I became aware of the harm which was caused by unhealthy living habits．

用过去分词作定语改写句④I became aware of the harm caused by unhealthy living habits．

⑤为了保持健康，我决心改掉这些坏习惯。（so that引导目的状语从句；不定式短语作宾语）

I determined to break myself of these bad habits so that I could keep fit．

⑩用不定式作目的状语改写句⑤To keep fit，I determined to break myself of these bad habits．

⑦两个月过去了，我恢复了健康。（as引导时间状语从句）As two months passed，I recovered．

用with复合结构改写句⑦With two months passing，I recovered．

单元语法

一、附加疑问句的定义：附加疑问句，又称反意疑问句。

二、附加疑问句的构成

【普通情况】附加疑问句由两部分构成：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。

You are a student，aren't you？He doesn't like ice cream，does he？

【特殊情况】

（1）若陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，never，few，rarely，little，nowhere，nothing等否定词或半否定词，其疑问部分要用肯定式。

He has few friends here，has he？She said nothing，did she？

（2）若陈述部分含有im－，in－，dis－，un－等否定前缀或－less等否定后缀的，疑问部分仍用否定式。

It is unfair，isn't it？It is impossible，isn't it？

（3）当陈述部分是“there be＋主语＋其他”结构时，反意疑问部分要用“be＋there”结构。

There are some apples in the box，aren't there？

（4）陈述部分为祈使句时

a、祈使句为肯定形式时，若表示“请求”，简短问句通常用will you；

若表示“邀请，劝说”，简短问句用won't you。

Give me a hand，will you？帮我一把，好吗？（表示“请求”）

Come to have supper with us this evening，won't you？今晚跟我们一起吃饭，好吗？（表示“邀请”）

b、祈使句为否定形式时，简短问句通常用will you。

Don't make so much noise，will you？别弄出这么多噪音，好吗？

c、如果祈使句以let's开头，简短问句用shall we；

如果祈使句以let us或let me开头，简短问句用will you。

Let's try another way，shall we？我们试试别的方法，好吗？

Let us know your address，will you？请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗？

（5）陈述部分为含有宾语从句的主从复合句时（技巧：反义疑问句部分与真实意图相反）

a、当陈述部分是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，简短问句的谓语动词和主语通常和主句中的谓语动词和

主语分别保持一致。

They know that he is from England，don't they？他们知道他来自英国，是吗？

They said that the plan worked，didn't they？

b、若陈述部分为“I/We think/believe/suppose/consider/…＋宾语从句”，简短问句的谓语和主语与宾语从

句的谓语和主语分别保持一致，且简短问句用否定形式。

We believe she can do it better，can't she？我们相信她能做得更好，是吗？

c、若陈述部分为“I/We don't think/believe/suppose/consider/…＋宾语从句”，简短问句的主语和谓语与

宾语从句的主语和谓语保持一致，且简短问句用肯定形式。

I don't think that you can do it，can you？我认为这件事你做不了，是吗？

We don't believe that the news is true，is it？我们认为这则消息不是真的，是吗？

We don't believe we were defeated，were we？

d、若陈述部分为“主语（非第一人称）＋think/believe/suppose/consider/…＋宾语从句”，简短问句的主

语和谓语与主句的主语和谓语保持一致，简短问句是用肯定形式还是否定形式由主句决定。

They all think that English is very useful，don't they？他们都认为英语很重要，是吗？

He doesn't think that I can make it，does he？他认为我办不到，是吗？

三、附加疑问句的回答

附加疑问句的答语与一般疑问句类似，注意其与汉语表达习惯的差异。（技巧，英文回答跟着事实走）—The 29th Olympic Games were held in Beijing，weren't they？—Yes，they were．（Yes，that's right．）

—Michael Jordan started to play basketball in college，didn't he？

—No，he didn't．He first played in a team in senior high school．

——迈克尔·乔丹在大学开始打篮球，是吗？——不，他不是。他最开始在一个高中球队打球。

—David has been to a boxing match，hasn't he？—No，he hasn't．He always watches boxing on TV．

——大卫去过拳击比赛现场，是吗？——不，他没有去过。他总是在电视上看拳击比赛。

—You can't cook，can you？—Yes，I can．I'm good at cooking．

——你不会做饭，是吗？——不，我会。我擅长做饭。

五、附加疑问句记忆口诀：

前肯后否，前否后肯是基本；（基本原则）否定词算否，前后缀否不用管；（否定词和否定前后缀）邀请劝说按常规，请求建议要肯定; （祈使句用法abc）

自己认为是，从句部分反着来；自己认为不是，从句部分肯定说；（主动复合句bc）

其他主从复合句，主句说啥就是啥；（主动复合句ad）

问句回答并不难，yes或no看事实。（附加疑问句的回答）

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