外研版必修三Unit5知识点详析和练习(有答案)

重点单词详析：

（1）equal

【原句回放】

All human beings are equal. 人人平等。

【点拨】

equal adj. (the same in size, number, amount, value etc. as sth. else) 相等的；同样的；n. 相等的人或物；vt. 等于；比得上

be equal to 和……平等；能胜任

A equal

B in... A在……方面比得上B

be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比

on equal terms 在对等条件下

be of equal size/length/importance 大小/长度相同/同样重要

The rent was equal to half his monthly income. 租金相当于他的月收入的一半。

He treated her with the easy familiarity of an equal.

他以平等的身分对待她，态度很随和。

The average pay rise equalled 1.41 times inflation.

薪水的平均增长幅度是通货膨胀率的1.41倍。

【拓展】

equally adv. 同样地；相等地；equality n. 相等；平等；同等

Diet and exercise are equally important/of equal importance.饮食和锻炼同样重要。

（2）order

【原句回放】

He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order in society.

他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性。

【点拨】

order n. 秩序；顺序；订购；订单；(点的)饭菜；命令；vt. 命令；订购；点菜/饮料等

in order 有秩序；有条理

in order of 以……的顺序

out of order 紊乱；出故障

in order to do/in order that 以便；为了

give/place an order for sth. with sb. 和某人订购某物

take one’s order 记下某人的订单

keep order 维持秩序

order sb. to do 命令/吩咐某人做某事

order that… 命令……(从句用should＋动词原形，should可以省略)

The phone is out of order.电话坏了。

We haven’t ordered yet. 我们还没点菜。

He lit a cigarette in order to/so as to calm his mind.他点燃一支香烟，稳定一下情绪。

He ordered his secretary to place an order for 100 books and arrange them in order of size. 他命令秘书去订购100本书并把它们按大小顺序排列。

【拓展】disorder n. 混乱，紊乱，无秩序

（3）invent

【原句回放】

For example，it is the country in which silk was first invented.

例如，丝绸最先发明于这个国家。

【点拨】

invent vt. 发明；捏造；虚构；invention n. 发明

invent an excuse 编造一个借口

The Chinese invented the compass.中国人发明了指南针。

Abner Doubleday invented baseball in 1839.阿布纳·道布尔迪于1839年发明了棒球。

Kai invented some excuse about having a headache.卡伊编了个头疼的借口。

Such changes have not been seen since the invention of the printing press.

自从发明了印刷机，这种变革还没有出现过。

【拓展】

discover，find，invent，create辨析

discover发现的对象本身存在，但主语不知道，如科学真理、新的区域等，有时也泛指“发现”某种情况、丢失的东西。

find作“发现”讲，其常用结构是“find＋宾语＋补足语”。find接that从句则表示“发现一个事实、一个道理”。

invent指“发明”，发明以前没有的新东西，如工具、机器、材料、方法等，也可指“捏造”某种不诚实的借口、理由等。

create则指有目的地把原材料制成新产品，也指创造出原来不存在的或与众不同的事物。

（4）resign

【原句回放】

However, when he saw that the ruler was not following his advice, he resigned.

但当他发现统治者不采纳他的意见时，就辞去了官职。

【点拨】

resign vt. 放弃，辞去；vi.辞职

resign from 从……辞去职务

resign one’s post/position 辞职

He resigned his post as headmaster. 他辞去了校长的职务。

Two members resigned from the board in protest.董事会的两名成员辞职以示抗议。

not resign oneself to不甘心

resign...to... 把……托付给……

resign oneself to听任(某种影响)；只好(做某事)

You must resign yourselves to waiting a bit longer. 你们要耐心多等一会儿。

They refused to resign themselves to defeat. 他们从不甘心失败。

【拓展】resignation n．辞职；辞职信；放弃；顺从

（5）contribute

【原句回放】

Decide which words you think you will hear...contribution...

确定你听到了哪些单词…… 贡献……

【点拨】

contribute v. 捐献，贡献；导致

contribute to 贡献；捐献；捐助

contribute sth. to/ towards sb. 向某人捐献某物

Does smoking contribute to lung cancer?吸烟会导致肺癌吗？

Many people contributed money to the poor boy, which contributed to his returning to school. The teacher of the boy learned about this and contributed it to a newspaper.

许多人给那个可怜的男孩捐款，使他可以重返校园。孩子的老师写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投到报社。

【拓展】

contribution n. 贡献；捐献；捐助

make a contribution to/make contributions to 对……作出贡献

（6）condition

【原句回放】

Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions.

工厂的工人们经常住在简陋而拥挤的环境里。

【点拨】

condition n．(生活或工作的) 状况；条件，情形；环境；社会地位。condition表示“环境”时，常用复数形式；表示“状况”时，是不可数名词，表示“条件”时，是可数名词。

be in good condition 状况良好

be out of condition

on condition that ＝if... 条件是……

on no condition 绝不，on no condition位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。

His visit in his present condition will disturb the children’s stable life.

以他现在的情况去见孩子会扰乱孩子们平静的生活。

This change has been timed under laboratory conditions.

在实验室条件下测得了这一变化所需的时间。

What sort of condition is your new house in?你的新房子目前是什么状况？

You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.你要穿上外衣才能出去。

（7）stress

【原句回放】

He stressed the importance of kindness, duty and order ins society.

他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序在社会中的重要性。

【点拨】

stress n. 压力；强调；重音；vt. 强调；重读

“We’re not saying we’re outside and above all this,” he stresses.

“我们并不是说我们对此不闻不问，”他强调道。

“Sit down,” she replied, stressing each word. “坐下，”她一字一顿地说道。

lay/place/put stress on sth. 强调

relieve/reduce stress 减少压力

suffer from stress 遭受压力

be stressed out 焦虑不安的

be under stress 在压力下

stress the importance of 强调……的重要性

Jane’s been under a lot of stress since her mother’s illness.

简自从妈妈生病以来一直压力很大。

【拓展】

stressful adj. 压力重的；紧张的；stressed adj. 焦虑不安的；紧张的Robert looks so stressed since he started this new job.

自从罗伯特开始这份工作，他就看起来焦虑不安。

重点短语详析：

（1）be at war (with...)

【原句回放】

Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other. 古代中国各诸侯国之间经常发生战争。

【点拨】

be at war (with...) (与……)交战

a civil war 内战

cold war 冷战

make/declare war on 对……宣战

go to war 诉诸武力，出征，宣战，进入战争状态

The country has been at war with its neighboring country for two years.

这个国家与邻国交战已经两年了。

People in the world don’t want to go to war to settle the international disputes.

世界人民不想将国际争端诉诸武力。

【拓展】

“at +n.”表示“处于……状态”。

at peace 处于和平状态

at risk 冒险

at sea 在航海；茫然；不知所措

（2）bring up

【原句回放】

His father died when he was young, and he was brought up by his mother.

父亲在他幼年时去世，母亲把他抚养成人。

【点拨】

bring up (raise or educate sb.)教育，养育；(to mention a subject or start to talk about it)提出；呕吐。bring up中的up为副词，其后跟的宾语如果是代词，应放在两词中间。

Why did you have to bring up the subject of money?你为什么非要提钱这个话题？

He left her to bring up three young children on her own.

他留下她独自抚养3个年幼的孩子。

【拓展】

bring的相关短语

bring down 使下降

bring in 引入；提出；获利

bring about 引起，导致，造成

bring along 带来

bring out 使显示；出版；生产

（3）in some way

【原句回放】

You may need to change the words in some way. 你可能需要在某些方面改变一下单词（的形式）。

【点拨】

in some way 在某方面，在某种程度（意义）上，以某种方式

In some ways, they are similar to each other; but there are some distinguishable differences between them.

在某些方面，他们是相似的，但是他们之间也有一些明显的差别。

In some ways, I’d rather he wasn’t involved at all.

就某些方面而言，我宁愿他根本没有牵扯进去。

【拓展】

相关短语

by the way 顺便说一下

by way of 途径，取道，为了……目的

in a way 在某种程度上

in any way 在任何方面

in the/one’s way 挡道，阻碍

in no way 决不

in this/that way 用这种/那种方法

in the way of 关于，有关

the other way around 相反，反过来

on the way to 在去……途中；即将；将要

out of the way 偏远；异常的

under way 已经开始进行了

make one’s way 前进，向前走

no way 根本不，一点也不

all the way 一路上

注意：in this/that/the way作状语时，介词in可以省略。

In a way, it’s kind of nice to be working alone.

从某种意义上讲，独自一个人干活相当不错。

（4）in conclusion

【原句回放】

In conclusion, I think that cars are very useful because travel is so easy with a car. 总之，我认为汽车非常有用，因为有车旅游方便多了。

【点拨】

in conclusion 总之；总而言之

In conclusion, I think the best way to make a friend is to be one.

总之，我认为交朋友最好的办法是去做一个朋友。

【拓展】

conclude v．结束；下结论；推断

conclude that＝draw a conclusion that下结论

to conclude 总而言之；最后

conclusion n．结束；结论

reach/draw/come to/arrive at a conclusion得出结论

We came to the conclusion that the room must have been empty.

我们得出结论：那个房间当时一定是空的。

（5）for the first time

【原句回放】

With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time.

随着工业革命的发展，工厂出现了，产品的批量生产第一次成为可能。

【点拨】

for the first time第一次(在句中作时间状语)

They came to Beijing for the first time.他们第一次来到北京。

When I went to Shenzhen for the first time, it was not much bigger than a town.

我第一次去深圳的时候，深圳比一个城镇大不了多少。

注意：“the＋序数词＋time”可作连词，引导一个状语从句。其重点不是强调某一次做了什么事，而是叙述某一动作或情况，即第几次做某事的时候。这时不能与for连用，并且time后不用when。

The first time I went abroad I could hardly understand what the foreigners said.

我第一次出国时几乎听不懂老外说些什么。

（6）a time

【原句回放】

But it was also a time when there were many great philosophers.

但那也是一个产生了许多哲学家的时期。

【点拨】

句中的a time表示“一段时间”，后面接定语从句时，常用when或“at/during等＋which”引导定语从句，译为“一个……的时期”。

There is/was a time when... 有一段时间……

It (That)is/was the first(second，third...)time that... 这/那是第一次(第二次，第三次……)……

It was a time when all the children were expected to study hard.

那是一个人们都期望孩子们努力学习的时期。

There are times when I wonder what you’re talking about.

有几次我不知道你在说什么。

Andrew’s been promoted? That’s the first time I’ve heard about it.

安德鲁升职了？这事我头一次听到。

重点句型详析：

（1）the reason why...is that...

【原句回放】

Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good. 孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性善。

【点拨】

believe后是that引导的宾语从句，从句中使用the reason why...is that...句式，其中why引导的是定语从句；is后的that引导的是表语从句。reason用作定语从句先行词时，首先判断reason 在定语从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，则要使用关系副词why或for which引导定语从句；如作主语或宾语，则使用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。

I didn’t believe the reason (that/which) he gave me.我不相信他给我的理由。

The reason why he was absent was that he was ill.他缺席的原因是他病了。

（2）those用于比较句型

【原句回放】

Mencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.

孟子是一位思想家，他的学说与孔子的学说极为相似。

【点拨】

在表示比较的句型中，those可用来替代前文中的复数名词。若前文名词为不可数名词或单数名词，则用that。

The weather in Beijing is much colder than that in Shanghai.

北京的天气比上海（的天气）冷多了。

The students in our class are much older than those in your class.

我们班的学生比你们班的（学生）大多了。

（3）no ＋比较级＋than

【原句回放】

Cars were first used at the end of the nineteenth century, and were no faster than a horse. 汽车首次在19世纪末开始使用，跑得和马一样慢。

【点拨】

“no ＋比较级＋than”表示“两者都不”；“ not＋比较级＋than”表示“前者不如后者”。

He is no more careful than you. ＝He is as careless as you.他和你一样粗心。

He is not more careful than you. 他没有你那么细心。

巩固练习

一、易混词语辨析

1. include/contain

(1) The Chinese diet _________ a lot of fruits and green vegetables.

(2) The band played many songs, _________ some of my favourites.

(3)We all went to the museum, Lily _________.

(4)The basket _________a variety of fruits.

(5)The price _________the tax.

2. found/set up/build

(1) We have _________two large teaching buildings.

(2) When was the new city _________?

(3) The village has _________ two middle schools.

(4) The Chinese people are _________socialism with Chinese characteristics.

(5) The People’s Republic of China was _________in 1949.

3. no more than/not more than

(1) Some kinds of bamboo grow _________higher than your ankles.

(2) Tom is _________ taller than I, and neither of us will be accepted as basketball players.

(3) Learning Spanish is _________easier than learning Greek. I might well learn Japanese.

(4) Jenny is _________better at maths than I. I got 95 marks and she only 60 in last exam.

(5) This book is _________less interesting than that one, so I want to take both of them.

二、单项选择

1. In my opinion，no search engine can __________ the company in search scopes and speed.

A. compete

B. equal

C. win

D. suit

2. Running a company is not ________a matter of hiring people— they also need to be trained.

A. simply

B. partly

C. seriously

D. equally

3. Not all bamboo grows tall. The shortest grows _________ your ankles.

A. higher than

B. as high as

C. no higher than

D. less higher than

4. I agree to his suggestion _______ the condition that he drops all charges.

A. by

B. in

C. on

D. to

5. People in this village will remember his contributions ________ defending the village.

A. on

B. in

C. to

D. about

6. John saved his money ________ he can buy a bicycle.

A. in case

B. in order that

C. in order to

D. as though

7. He ordered that the work ________at once.

A. started

B. was started

C. start

D. be started

8. He __________ his post because he had been offered a better job.

A. resigned

B. retired

C. dismissed

D. fired

9. Keep your car in good ________ and it'll drive long.

A. instruction

B. position

C. condition

D. situation

10. __________, her health has improved，but she is still not really well.

A. All the way

B. In a way

C. In the way

D. By the way

11. Once the poison is____, there is no further danger.

A. brought up

B. brought in

C. brought back

D. brought about

12. ________, I would like to wish you continued success in the future.

A. In contrast

B. In conclusion

C. In common

D. In principle

13. There was ________time ________ I hated to go to school.

A. a；that

B. a；when

C. the；that

D. the；when

14. If you do it_____, you are sure to make rapid progress.

A. on the way

B. by the way

C. in a way

D. in this way

15. I thought her nice and honest __________ I met her.

A. first time

B. for the first time

C. the first time

D. by the first time

16. In the future, more stress should be placed _____ the education of the young.

A. on

B. to

C. for

D. with

三、句子翻译

1. 你最好喝开水。

2. 这就是我们引以为豪的英雄。

3. 没有人愿意要一座屋顶塌了的房子。

4. 他迟到的原因现在已经很清楚了。

5. 你仍然记得我们第一次相遇的那一天吗？

6. 中国古代大部分伟大的思想家信奉仁慈的重要性。

7. 墨子的原则与孔子的不同。

8. 我不想去参加这次讲座是因为我对于哲学不感兴趣。

9. 在工业革命期间,工人们通常生活在贫困、拥挤的环境中。

10. 我的儿子并不比你的大多少，才10岁。

四、完形填空

These days everyone wants to “get rich” fast. We all __1__marrying someone from a wealthy family, making a lot of __2__or winning the lottery (彩票). But do these things really make us happy? Many of the richest celebrities(名人) happen to be some of the most __3__ people. They buy expensive houses and clothes that they __4__ use. They may become __5__ and even become addicted to __6__. They have become so focused on money and material things that they forget about the people and activities they __7__.

Now, more young people have the opportunity for a better education, and better chances of making a high __8__. These are great achievements, __9__ will they make you happy? In the US many young people believe that being rich and being happy are two __10__ things. When attending university, they often choose to study subjects that they are __11__ rather than subjects that will get them __12__ jobs. Instead of majoring in “business” or “management”, many American students today have majors like “theater” or “modern dance”. Th e __13__ is that making a lot of money doesn’t mean that you will be satisfied with your __14__. Nowadays, young people are__15__ careers that they love doing rather than careers that pay well.

I think that as being __16__ becomes more possible, we need to __17__ what the term “fortune” really means. Do we need to have money or material things to be fortunate? Or does __18__ just mean having what we need to be happy? __19__, what things make you happy? Be honest with yourself. It may take __20__ a rich spouse(配偶)or much money to make you happy.

1. A. think of B. dream of C. care about D. insist on

2. A. changes B. friends C. efforts D. money

3. A. unhappy B. happy C. lucky D. unlucky

4. A. always B. really C. never D. personally

5. A. annoyed B. depressed C. satisfied D. injured

6. A. work B. games C. adventures D. drugs

7. A. love B. hate C. enjoy D. know

8. A. salary B. goal C. degree D. fame

9. A. so B. and C. but D. or

10. A. difficult B. different C. pleasant D. important

11. A. used to B. familiar with C. related to D. interested in

12. A. high-paying B. prize-winning

C. trouble-saving

D. long-enjoying

13. A. point B. purpose C. result D. question

14. A. health B. future C. life D. major

15. A. creating B. avoiding C. missing D. choosing

16. A. independent B. wealthy C. unselfish D. famous

17. A. study B. understand C. rethink D. recall

18. A. fortune B. career C. success D. peace

19. A. Even so B. If so C. Instead D. To conclude

20. A. kind of B. nothing but C. as much as D. more than

答案与解析

一、易混词语辨析

1. 辨析：include指一个整体中包含有明确界限的各部分；contain表示被包围或封闭在一个整体中的意思，也指盛在一个大容器中。如container 集装箱。

（1）contains（2）including（3）included（4）contains（5）includes

2. 辨析：found成立、创立，着重指打下基础。它既可与表示具体事物的名词连用，也可与表示抽象事物的名词连用。set up树立、设立、建立，着重于开始的含义，是一般用语。它既可与表示具体事物的名词连用，也可与表示抽象事物的名词连用。build意思是建筑、建造、建设。这个词用得最广泛，它既可与表示具体事物的名词（house, road, bridge, ship等）连用，也可与表示抽象事物的名词（socialism, hope等）连用。

（1）built（2）founded/built（3）set up（4）building（5）founded

3. 辨析：“no+比较级+than”结构表示对两个比较对象都进行否定（可由neither...nor...结构来改写）。“not more+比较级+than”结构表示在程度上前者不如后者。

（1）no（2）no（3）no（4）not（5）no

二、单项选择

1. B。equal...in... “在……方面与……匹敌”。句意：在我看来，在搜索范围和搜索速度方面，没有一个搜索引擎可与这家公司相匹敌。

2. A。句意是：经营一家公司不仅仅是雇佣工人的问题——他们也需要被培训。simply“仅仅；简单地”；partly“部分地”；seriously“严肃地”；equally“相同地”。

3. C。no higher than＝as short as，正符合语境。句意：并非所有的竹子都长得很高，最矮的竹子长得只有你脚踝那么高。

4. C。on the condition that相当于一个连词，引导条件状语从句，意思是“条件是，以……为条件”。

5. C。contribution to… 对……的贡献。

6. B。考查in order that引导目的状语从句的用法。本句意为“约翰为了买自行车把钱都存了起来。”in case表示“以防；万一”；as though表示“好像”，与题意不符；而若选C 则应表达为. ..in order to buy a bicycle。

7. D。order表示“命令”，后跟定语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即sb. should do...，其中should可以省略，本句中因为从句的主语为the work，所以应用被动语态(should) be started。本句意为“他下令立即开展工作。”

8. A。句意：他辞去了他的工作因为他找到了更好的工作。resign“辞职”；retire“退休”；dismiss“免职，开除”；fire“解雇”。

9. C。in good condition“状况良好，完好无损”，固定结构。

10. B。句意：在某种程度上，她的健康状况在改进，但是她仍然还没有完全好转。故用in a way。

11. A。句意为：一旦把毒药吐出，就不会有更多危险。bring up“吐出；养育”；bring in“引进”；bring back“归还”；bring about“引起；导致”。

12. B。句意：总之，我真心祝愿你在将来继续成功。in conclusion总之，最后；in contrast 与……相反；in common共同的，共有的；in principle原则上，大体上。

13. B。句意：有那么一段时间，我不想去上学。句型为There is/was a time when...，意思是“有那么一段时间……”，when引导定语从句，不能省略，也不能用that替换。

14. D。in this way意为“以这种方法”，A项意为“在……途中”，B项意为“顺便说一下”，C项意为“在某种程度上”，故A、B、C项均不符合题意。本句意为“如果你用这种方法做的话，你肯定会取得很快的进步”。

15. C。根据句子的结构，句中空白处需要一个连词，选项中只有the first time有此用法。本句意为“第一次我遇见她的时候，我就认为她很诚实”。

16. A。place stress on意为“把重点放在……之上”。句意：未来应该把更多的工作重点放在对年轻人的教育上。其他三项搭配都不对。

三、句子翻译

1. You’d better drink water that/which has been boiled.

2. This is the hero of whom we are proud.

3. Nobody wants a house whose roof has fallen in.

4. The reason why he was late is clear now.

5. Do you still remember the day when we first met?

6. Most of the greatest thinkers in ancient China believed in the importance of kindness.

7. Mozi’s principles were different from those of Confucius.

8. The reason why I don’t want to attend the lecture is that I am not interested in philosophy.

9. The workers usually lived in poor and crowded conditions during Industrial Revolution.

10. My son is no older than yours，and he is only 10.

四、完形填空

1. B。从下文的内容可知，这些想法都是梦想。

2. D。要快点富起来，当然要赚到一大笔钱。

3. A。从下文那些有钱人的做法可知他们中有些人并不幸福。

4. C。他们去购买永远也不会去用的昂贵的房子和衣服。

5. B。此处内容和下文become addicted to…是并列关系，因此选择depressed“郁闷的，消沉的”。

6. D。become addicted to…常用来指“沉迷于”一些不良的嗜好。drug毒品。且由下句描述也可知，此处指这些人因心情郁闷而沉迷于毒品。

7. A。前面的先行词是people and activities，因此只能用love，不能用enjoy。

8. A。今天更多的年轻人有机会接受更好的教育，有机会拿到高薪。这里和文章开头呼应。

9. C。从上下文来看，这里表示转折关系。

10. B。富有和幸福是不同的两件事。

11. D。作者用具体的事例说明有很多人有所追求是为了幸福，而不是金钱。美国的年轻人选择自己感兴趣的专业就是一例。

12. A。high-paying报酬高的。

13. A。point要点。其他三个选项不合题意。

14. C。有钱并不意味着对生活感到满意。

15. D。choose careers择业。

16. B。由于致富已不是问题，我们有必要重新思考“富有”的真正含义。

17. C。见上题解析。

18. A。这里作者以问句的形式提出了本文的观点：富有是否就意味着拥有幸福所需要的东西？

19. B。这里承接上句。if so如果这样的话。

20.D。真正的幸福不只是你拥有一个有钱的配偶或有很多钱就可以了。

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