云冈石窟英文介绍

佛教的经典杰作

世界的艺术高峰

数十个千年石窟

数万尊佛雕

中国的瑰丽宝库

全人类的文化遗产

World culture heritage

At the southern foot of Wuzhou Mountain 16 kilometers west to Datong, Shanxi Province, a colorful and new grottoes are hid among the groves ,which are praised as “One of the artistic peak in the world “by French President Pompidou.

The grottoes are chiseled（雕，刻；凿）at the foot of the mountain, stretching about one kilometer from east to west. These are about 53 grottoes of different sizes and more than 51000 Buddhist(佛教的) carves .It is one of the biggest grottoes of China and is called the three artistic grottoes artistic treasure-house in China together with Qianfo cave in Dunhuang and Longmen grottoes in Luoyang.

It was first chiseled in the first year of Y ear Heping in Northern Wei and Monk Tan Y ao at that time chiseled it for duty of Emperor Wencheng. Most of the grottoes were finished in the eighteenth year of Y ear Taihe in Northern Wei before the capital moved to Luoyang, which lasted for forty years. And there were more than 40000 people did the job. While the grottoes statue project lasted until the period of Emperor Zhengguang

The highest is 17 meters while the smallest is only several centimeters. The grottoes are very magnificent(壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的),

Cave No.5 and Cave No.6 and Wuhua Cave are rich in content and can be called the essences（本质，实质；精华）of the grottoes artistic.

The Y ungang Grottoes are divided into three parts –east part, middle part and west part.

There are four caves in the east part, nine caves in the middle part. And forty caves in the west part .The Y ungang grottoes inherited and developed the traditional art of Qin and Han Dynasty. It also absorbed the essence of foreign culture and created a unique style and served as a connecting link to the later Sui and Tang Dynasty on art. This occupies an important place in the Chinese artistic history.

Tan Y ao’s Five caves

Tan Y ao’s Five Caves are the first chiseled（开凿）among the Y ungang Grottoes and they are very magnificent .They are located in the middle of the Y ungang Grottoes and there are Cave No.16、Cave No.17、Cave No.18、Cave No 19and Cave No.20.Weizi-Buddhism and Taolsm Annals”, in the first years of Y ear Heping in Northern Wei, the famous Monk Tan Y ao at that time presented a memorial to the Emperor Wencheng to chisel five caves in Wuzhou and carved five Buddhas shaped as Emperor Wei Daowu. Emperor Mingyuan, Emperor Taiwu, Emperor Jingmu and Emperor Wencheng. And this is Tan Y ao’s Five Caves today.

Wuhua Caves has Cave No.9、Cave No.10、Cave No.11、Cave No 12 and Cave No.13. It has various of artistic styles. Wuhua Cave、Cave No 5 and Cave No.6 are the essences of the carving art in the Y ungang Grottoes .And they also offer a lot

Of imaging information to the research of art, history, calligraphy（书法）, music, architecture, etc.

The Y ungang Grottoes –West Part

Most of the caves are in the west part and each has its own feature, acclaimed. Especially Cave No.16 to Cave No.20 in Tan Y ao’s Five Caves, they are chiseled in a planned way under the direction of Tan Y ao. It is said that this followed the order ,”the emperor is Tathagata.”. Tan Y ao directed the five emperors’ figures since Emperor Tai Zu in Northern Wei to the cliff .on the Sakyamuni（释迦摩尼）. Cave No.16 Buddha is the youngest one and it is simulated(模仿) the 20-year old and more Emperor Wencheng reigned then, And the Buddha is 13.5 meters high.

The Y ungang Grottoes –East Part

Cave No.1 to Cave No.2 are double caves which are situated in the east of Y ungang Grottoes. In the middle of Cave No.1, there carved two floors of square tower pillar. At the back ,there was Maitreya（弥勒佛）. The Buddha around were mostly weathered, the carved Monaural(维摩文殊) on two sides of the cave gate of the south wall and the Buddhist adopted story relief on the lower part of the east wall were well preserved. In the middle of Cave No.2, there was a three floors of square tower pillar .Each floor carved three attic niches around and also carved five-floor –tower on the inside walls which were the imaging information of the architecture in Northern Wei.

World Heritage Committee appraised: Located in Datong, Shanxi Province, the Y ungang Grottoes have 252 niches and more than 51000 Buddhist cave art in China from 5 Century to 6 Century. Tan Y ao’s Five Caves have a well-knit and united arrangement and they are the classical masterpieces in the first peak of Chinese Buddhist art.

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AT89C51英文介绍资料

AT89C51 Description The AT89C51 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcomputer with 4K bytes of Flash Programmable and Erasable Read Only Memory (PEROM). The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry standard MCS-51? instruction-set and pinout. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly flexible and cost effective solution to many embedded control applications. Features ?Compatible with MCS-51? Products ?4K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Flash Memory –Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles ?Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz ?Three-Level Program Memory Lock ?128 x 8-Bit Internal RAM ?32 Programmable I/O Lines ?Two 16-Bit Timer/Counters ?Six Interrupt Sources ?Programmable Serial Channel ?Low Power Idle and Power Down Modes The A T89C51 provides the following standard features: 4K bytes of Flash,128 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, two 16-bit timer/counters, a five vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator and clock circuitry. In addition, the AT89C51 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down Mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator disabling all other chip functions until the next hardware reset.

云冈石窟英文介绍

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小的佛像，有的躺着、有的立着、有的在微笑、有的在发怒……样子千姿百态。跟随着导游的介绍我们来到了龙门石窟最大的卢舍那佛像跟前，在卢舍那佛像面前能让人感觉到自己很渺小，导游讲这尊佛像有17米多高，仅其头部高度就达4米多高，他的面部表情看起来慈善安详，好像在为我们的祖国祈福。随后我们又观赏了潜溪寺、宾阳中洞、万佛洞、莲花洞等著名景点。其中莲花洞中有一个最小的佛像，它仅有两厘米大小，被称为“微雕”。不知不觉观赏完整个景区已是下午4点多了，但我一点也没有感到累，我为我们的祖先给我们留下这壮丽的瑰宝而骄傲！关于龙门石窟的作文二：龙门石窟（790字）来自五湖四海的朋友们，你们好！我是导游小邓，初次见面，请多多关照。我们要去游览世界文化遗产三大石窟之一——龙门石窟。另两个石窟是云冈石窟和敦煌莫高窟。好了，现在我们处于河南洛阳南边约十三公里处。大家看，龙门石窟就在

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英语自我介绍资料 内容重点；1 开头礼貌用语 2 个人情况（中英文名字，年龄，班级和所在学校） 3 家庭情况（成员，工作情况） 4 个人兴趣（例如绘画，书法，唱歌，跳舞等） 5 结束用语 1 Ladies and gentlemen,good afternoon! Hello everybody/everyone. Nice to meet you 2 I’m very glad to stand here./It’s my pleasure to stand here. First, I will introduce myself. My name is 中文姓名and English name is 英文姓名.I’m 自己年龄years old . I’m in Class 班级Grade 年级。所在学校名称. primary/middle school . 3 There are 几个家庭成员people in my family . My parents / my father, mother and 、 I.(sister,brother) My father is 工作名称.My mother is 工作名称 . 4 I like 自己的兴趣爱好. My favourite food /colour/music/book is 自己喜爱的食物，颜色，音乐，书籍等. 5 I love my family members very much .That ‘s my introduction. Thank you very much ! 英语自我介绍资料 内容重点；1 开头礼貌用语 2 个人情况（中英文名字，年龄，班级和所在学校） 3 家庭情况（成员，工作情况） 4 个人兴趣（例如绘画，书法，唱歌，跳舞等） 5 结束用语 1 Ladies and gentlemen,good afternoon! Hello everybody/everyone. Nice to meet you! 2 I’m very glad to stand here./It’s my pleasure to stand here. First, I will introduce myself. My name is 中文姓名and English name is 英文姓名.I’m 自己年龄years old . I’m in Class 班级Grade 年级。所在学校名称. primary/middle school . 3 There are 几个家庭成员people in my family . My parents / my father, mother and 、 I.(sister,brother) My father is 工作名称.My mother is 工作名称 . 4 I like 自己的兴趣爱好. My favourite food /colour/music/book is 自己喜爱的食物，颜色，音乐，书籍等. 5 I love my family members very much .That ‘s my introduction. Thank you very much

佛教石窟寺简介

佛教石窟寺简介 所谓石窟寺，就是开凿在河畔山崖间的佛教寺院。石窟寺在形式上虽然与地面上的木结构寺院有所不同，但它是模仿地面寺院建筑而建造的，规模较大的石窟寺大都具有与一般砖木结构寺院相同的功能，其本身也是一座寺院，是僧俗信徒礼拜、供养、起居和禅修的场所。佛教石窟寺一般开凿在依山傍水、环境清幽的地方，其开凿的目的与佛教徒的修禅有着密切的关系。禅定是佛教徒的一种修行方式，进行禅思时，需要有安静的环境。在僻静的山林和河畔山崖间开凿石窟坐禅是符合禅修需要的。按佛经的要求，修禅首先必须观像，也就是要谛观佛的种种相好，这样静虑入定之后会出现种种见佛的幻境，达到心神与佛交融的境地。因此，石窟中又雕凿了配合观像需要的佛教偶像。 此外，开凿石窟还与地面木结构塔寺易毁，而石窟坚固耐久，易于长存；僧俗信徒修功德，祈福田，以便求得佛祖的保佑等原因有关。 溯源 石窟寺约在公元前3世纪起源于古代印度。或砖木结构寺院兴起的同时，当时的古印度孔雀王朝的阿育王就开始了凿山开窟。他在继位后的第12年，为外道在巴拉巴尔开两处石窟。最早的石窟寺并不是佛教徒开凿的，只是在释迦牟尼创立佛教以后，佛教徒借用了这种寺院的形式，并逐渐使之流行起来，同时也适应印度当地炎热的天气。印度现存石窟主要分布于西部，特别以马哈拉施特拉邦为主，该地区石窟分布最广、延续时间长，可以说是世界佛教石窟之摇篮，保存有著名的阿旃陀、埃洛拉、根赫里、吉达等石窟。 入华 随着佛教势力的扩展，佛教文化广泛传播，石窟寺及其建筑雕塑艺术通过闻名于世的“丝绸之路”，经中亚、西域由西向东逐渐传播到中国内地。古代的西域即现在的新疆地区，在中西文化传播和佛教东渐过程中起了重要的桥梁作用。佛教东传中，西域诸国大都信奉佛教，建寺译经开窟造像，盛极一时。如于阗、龟兹已成为葱岭以东的一个佛教中心，龟兹石窟寺的开凿亦大约开始于这一时期。所以以库车、拜城为中心的古龟兹地区是新疆地区石窟寺最为集中的一个区域。现存有克孜尔石窟、克孜尔尕哈石窟、库木吐喇石窟等。在今吐鲁番地区还有吐峪沟石窟和柏孜克里克石窟。 开花 魏晋南北朝时期，佛教从两汉之际的初传经过逐步发展走向了繁荣。西域诸国开凿石窟 （1）约在4世纪后期至5世纪初，的风气，经东来译经传法僧人的传播而逐渐施展它的影响。 以凉州（今甘肃武威）为中心的河西地区亦开始了石窟寺的开凿。现存石窟有十六国时期开凿的武威天梯山石窟、西秦时期开凿的永靖炳灵寺石窟。敦煌莫高窟现存最早的洞窟也开凿于5世纪。（2）5世纪前期，北魏灭北凉（都城在今甘肃武威），统一了中原北方地区，凉州佛教遂输入北魏都城平城（今山西大同），使其成为中原北方地区的政治、经济、文化和佛教中心，这样于平城地区聚集了全国的人力、物力和能工巧匠，为石窟寺的开凿创造了条件。因而，北魏文成帝和平初年（公元460年）复法（恢复佛教）时，就在平城（今大同市）附近的武州山开凿了著名的云冈石窟，开凿活动一直延续到北魏迁都洛阳。在此期间，这里始终是中原北方地区石窟寺开凿的中心。（3）公元493年（5世纪末），北魏孝文帝迁都洛阳，在洛阳城南伊阙开凿了龙门石窟，并由此形成了以洛阳为中心的石窟寺群，如周边的巩县石窟、水泉石窟、鸿庆寺石窟等。（4）公元534、535年（6世纪前期），北魏政权分裂为东、西魏两个互相对峙的统治集团，政治中心分别转移到了邺城（今河北临漳县）和长安，继而又演化为北齐、北周政权。在东部，形成了以邺城为中心的石窟群和以陪都太原为中心的石窟群，如今河北邯郸地区的南北响堂山石窟、水浴寺石窟、小南海石窟等。西部地区政局较为平稳，石窟的开凿依旧在原地点进行，如天水麦积山石窟、敦煌莫高窟等。（5）6世纪后期至8世纪，是隋唐统一王朝的鼎盛时期，石窟寺的开凿地点较前有所增加。在洛阳龙

介绍中国四大菜系英语口语对话

周：In China,there are so many delicious foods.Here we just talk about the four great traditions of Chinese cuisine.do you know where did they come from? 张: Iknow it. They came from Sichuan, Guangdong, jiangsu, shangdong provinces. 周: good. What is the most famous and favorite dish in Chongqing? 高: oh, it is Hot pot. Chongqing local people consider the hot pot a local specialty, which is noted for its peppery and hot taste.Hotpot can be found wherever there are street vendors or small restaurants, chongqing Hot pot has the greatest variety and is known for its delicious soup base and dipping sauce. do you likespicy？周: yes, I like spicy, and I like Sichuan cuisine.it is famous for its spicy and hot food. It's hotter than other food. it is based on a wide range of seasonings and varied, diverse cuisine, refreshing taste醇浓both to take advantage of that hot, 汪: yes. sichuan cuisine really very good.What is really special about Sichuan cuisine is the use of Chinese prickly ash seeds,the taste of which leaves a feeling of numbness on your tongue and mouth. 高: what’s your favourite dish? 汪:oh, I like spicy tofu. It is one of the most famous dishes from Sichuan cuisine. The dish features the trademark “hot”spiciness along with the charateristicially tongue-numbing nature of Sichuan’s flavourful food. 高：how about you,B? 周:I like gongbao chicken.The famous chicken-with-peanuts dish from Sichuan, now loved all over China. I think it is my favorite Chinese dish! Still, not easy to get those flavours right - it should be spicy, hot, numbing, garlicky , gingery and sweet, all at the same time! 王: oh ,sichuan cuisine is too spicy for me. I like a little light food. Zhejiang cuisine is light and exquisite, and is typical of food form along the lower Yangtze river. One famous dish is west lake vinegar fish, which looks pretty and has the delicate refreshing flavors of nature. 刘: I know another famous dish in zhengjiang cuisine. It is called dongpo meat. This dish of streaky pork is prepared over a slow fire where the big chunks of pork are braised with green onion, ginger, cooking wine, soy sauce, and suger. Thefinished dish is bright red in color and the meat is tender and juicy. 王, you are form Shandong province. Cloud you give us an introduction of Shandong cuisine?