2016年北京地区研究生学位英语及答案

2016年北京地区研究生学位英语及答案

Part II Vocabulary ( 10 minutes, 10 points)

Section A ( 0.5 point each)

21. The girl was fortune enough to live under the care of an involved father and a loving mother.

A sympathetic

B convicted

C concerned

D separated

22. There is compelling evidence that pollution is responsible for many deadly diseases, such as cancer.

A convincing

B controversial

C consistent

D contradictory

23. The advantage of the latest model will manifest itself in improved efficiency and protection of eye-sight.

A invest

B concentrate

C plunge

D exhibit

24. All the recommendations and advice will be considered in earnest before any action is taken.

A beforehand

B seriously

C unanimously

D enthusiastically

25. Somet imes you have to take what is said on line with a grain of salt, otherwise there would be too much news.

A completely

B willingly

C theoretically

D skeptically

26. Industrialized countries are on the cutting-edge of the trend of globalization that is spreading worldwide.

A extreme front

B effective quality

C underlying force

D fierce opponent.

27. The huge profit from patent rights forces many companies to develop new products on their own.

A secretly

B independently

C jointly

D readily

28. In spite of his diminishing influence, this senior scientists has a say in some important issues.

A expanding

B piercing

C decreasing

D lasting

29. It has been scientifically proved that man does have some inherent abilities that other species don?t possess.

A genetic

B internal

C peculiar

D inborn

30. The young Galileo carried on his experiments, turning a deaf ear to his father?s plea.

A suspended

B continued

C fulfilled

D completed.

Section B (0.5 point each)

31. Too much time has ____since we worked on this project.

A circulated

B elapsed

C occupied

D detached

32. The girl fresh from college finally received a job ___ she had been expecting.

A request

B plea

C suggestion

D offer

33. However busy we are, we?ll try to get back home ___ the dinner on the eve of the Lunar New Year.

A in time for

B in exchange for

C in store for

D in return for

34. Some difficult choices involving life and death are simply outside the ___ of economic analysis.

A dimension

B scale

C domain

D space

35. China?s economy, which was now on the brink of collapse, was beginning to ___afte r the implementation of reform and opening-up .

A pay off

B take off

C leave off

D drop off

36. After a month or so, she came to dislike the subject and wished she had not ___it ____.

A put..up

B given ..up

C taken …up

D made …up

37. It is considered a crime to ___ an election of any kind by bribing voters.

A fabricate

B launch

C populate

D manipulate

38. Visitors to this plateau are likely to have a ___ headache for the first five years.

A splitting

B slapping

C slicing

D sprawling

39. The central government is intensifying efforts to popularize ___education in rural localities.

A voluntary

B impulsive

C instinctive

D compulsory

40. They are studying what kind of preferences might ___ this surging demand for home-made TV sets.

A take a fancy to

B bring into play

C give rise to

D grow out of

Part III Cloze Test ( 10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)

Nobody likes taking exams; exams in your own language can be stressful enough but somehow exams in a foreign language always seem to cause more worry and anxiety. Well, the good news is that, if you 41 some simple steps, taking English language exams can be really quite 42 . It won?t exactly be fun, but it certainly shouldn?t give you too many headaches or sleepless nights.

If you are planning to 43 one of the well-known exams such as Cambridge First Certificate, you will probably find that there?s a preparation course 44 at a school near you. Check that the school has a good 45 of exam success and that the teacher is 46 . It is a good idea to ask if you will be given homework and 47 your written work will be marked by a teacher who knows the level of English 48 by the exam.

If you take an exam preparation course your teacher will give you all the information you need and you will find that 49 in a class helps you to study more effectively. But you will still need to 50 in a lot of work yourself (after all, the teacher can?t take the exam for you.)

41. A mind B walk C follow D keep

42. A fascinating B painless C enjoyable D marvelous

43. A have B prepare C participate D take

44. A possible B available C offering D existing

45. A management B foundation C expectation D record

46. A experience B experiencing C experienced D experiences

47. A how B that C what D whether

48. A required B determined C corresponded D accorded

49. A going B coming C being D getting

50. A put B act C sit D give

41. [C] follow 42. [B] painless 43. [D] take 44. [B] available 45. [D] record

46. [C] experienced 47. [D] whether 48. [A] required 49. [C] being 50. [A] put

Part IV Reading Comprehension ( 45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)

Passage 1

There are over 6,000 different computer and online games in the world now. A segment of them are considered to be both educational and harmlessly entertaining. One such game teaches geography, and another trains pilots. Others train the player in the logical thinking and problem solving. Some games may also help young people to become more computer literate, which is more important in this technology-driven era.

But the dark side of the computer games has become more and more obvious. “A segment of games features anti-social themes of violence, sex and crude language,” says David Walsh, president of the National Institute on Media and Family. “Unfortunately, it?s a segment that seems

particularly popular with kids aged eight to fifteen.”

One study showed that almost 80 percent of the computer and online games young people preferred contained violence. The investigators said “These are not jus t games anymore. These are learning machines. We?re teaching kids in the most incredible manner what it?s like to pull the trigger. What they are not learning are the real-life consequences.”

They also said “The new and more sophisticated games are even worse, because they have better graphics and allow the player to participate in even more realistic violent acts.” In the game Carmageddon, for example, the player will have driven over and killed up to 33,000 people by the time all levels are completed. A description of the outcome of the game says: “Your victims not only squish under your tires and splatter blood on the windshield, they also get on their knee and beg for mercy, or commit suicide. If you like, you can also dismember them.”

Is all this simulated violence harmful? Approximately 3,000 different studies have been conducted on this subject. Many have suggested that there is a connection between violence in games and increased aggressiveness in the players.

Some specialists downplay the influence of the games, saying that other factors must be taken into consideration, such as the possibility that kids who already have violent tendencies are choosing such games. But could it be that violent games still play a contributing role? It seems unrealistic to insist that people are not influenced by what they see. If that were true, why would the commercial world spend billions of dollars annually for television advertising?

51. Which of the following computer games is NOT mentioned as educational and harmlessly entertaining?

A Those that help people learn more about computers.

B Those that teach the features of the earth.

C Those that provide special training for writers online.

C Those that provide special training for pilots.

52. According to one study, most computer and online games_________

A allow the players to take part in killing acts.

B teach the players to be antisocial.

C make the players forget the real life results.

D that young people liked contain violence

53. Wh at does the underlined word “dismember” in Paragraph 4 mean?

A To kick somebody out.

B To cut somebody into pieces.

C To dismiss somebody

D To stab a knife into somebody

54. Many studies have suggested that ___________

A more and more young people enjoy cruel computer games.

B violence in computer games makes their players more aggressive.

C there are now far more incidents of violence due to computer games.

D simulated violence in computer games is different from real violence.

55. The author uses “ television advertising” as an example to show that __________

A other factors must be considered as possible causes of violence in real life.

B computer and online games are not the only cause of increased violence in real life.

C the commercial world is contributing to the increased violence in real life

D there is a close link between computer games and increased violence in real life.

56. The best title for the passage is _____________

A The Dark Side of Computer Games.

B Computer Games ----- Advantages and Disadvantages

C The Development of Violent Computer Games.

D A Study on the Influence of Computer Games

Passage Two

The collapse of the Earth?s magnetic field----which guards the planet and guides many of its creatures----appears to have started seriously about 150 years ago, the New York Times reported last week.

The field?s strength has decreased by 10 or 15 percent so far and this has increased the debate over whether it signals a reversal of the pla net?s lines of magnetic force.

During a reversal, the main field weakens, almost vanishes, and reappears with opposite polarity. The transition would take thousands of years. Once completed, compass needles that had pointed north would point south. A reversal could cause problems for both man and animals. Astronauts and satellites would have difficulties. Birds, fish and animals that rely on the magnetic field for navigation would find migration confusing. But experts said the effects would not be a big disaster; despite claims of doom and vague evidence of links between past field reversals and species extinctions.

Although a total transition may be hundreds or thousands of years away, the rapid decline in magnetic strength is already affecting satellites. Last month, the European Space Agency approved the world?s largest effort at tracking the field?s shifts. A group of new satellites, called Swarm, is to monitor the collapsing field with far greater precision. “We want to get some idea of how this wo uld evolve in the near future, just like people trying to predict the weather,” said Gauthier Hulot, a French geophysicist working on the satellite plan. “I?m personally quite convinced we should be able to work out the first predictions by the end of the mission.”

No matter what the new findings, the public has no reason to panic. Even if a transition is coming on its way, it might take 2,000 years to mature. The last one took place 780,000 years ago, when early humans were learning how to make stone tools. Deep inside the Earth flow hot currents of melted iron. This mechanical energy creates electromagnetism. The process is known as the geophysical generator. In a car?s generator, the same principle turns mechanical energy into electricity.

No one knows precisely why the field periodically reversals. But scientists say the responsibility probably lies with changes in the disorderly flows of melted iron, which they see as similar to the gases that make up the clouds of Jupiter.

57. According to the pass age, the Earth?s magnetic field has _________

A begun to change in the opposite direction.

B been weakening in strength for a long time.

C caused the changes on the polarities.

D misguided many a man and animal

58. During t he transition of the Earth?s magnetic field__________

A the compass will become useless.

B man and animals will be confused as to directions.

C the magnetic strength of the Earth will disappear.

D the magnetic strength of the Earth will be stronger.

59. According to the experts, the reversal of the Earth?s magnetic field would ____

A destroy almost all the creatures on the Earth

B cause some species extinctions on the Earth.

C not be as disastrous as the previous one.

D cause no big trouble for man and animals.

60. According to the passage, ________________

A we should not worry about the transition of the Earth?s magnetic field.

B the Earth?s magnetic field will not change for at least 2,000 years.

C the Earth?s magnetic field has decreased its strength rapidly.

D the transition of the Earth?s magnetic field can be controlled by modern science.

61. The author says “…the public has no reason to panic” because ___________

A the transition is still thousands of years away.

B the new transition will come 780,000 years from now.

C the transition can be precisely predicted by scientists.

D the process of the transition will take a very long time to finish.

62. The transition of the Earth?s mag netic field is possible caused by _________

A the flows of melted iron inside the Earth

B the periodical movement of the Earth.

C the mechanical energy of the solar system

D the force coming from outer space. Passage Three

The t errorist attacks in London Thursday served as a stunning reminder that in today?s world, you never know what you might see when you pick up the newspaper or turn on the TV. Disturbing images of terror can trigger an instinctive response no matter how close or far away from home the vent happened.

Throughout history, every military conflict has involved psychological warfare in one way or another as the enemy sought to break the morals of their opponent. But thanks to advances in technology, the popularity of the Internet, and proliferation of news coverage, the rules of engagement in this type of mental battle have changed.

Whether it?s a massive attack or a single horrific act, the effects of psychological warfare aren?t limited to the physical damage inflicted. Instead, the goal of these attacks is to instill a sense of fear that is much greater than the actual threat itself.

Therefore, the impact of psychological terror depends largely on how the acts are publicized and interpreted. But that also means there are ways to defend yourself and your loved ones by putting these fears into perspective and protecting your children from horrific images.

What Is Psychological Terror? “The use of terrorism as a tactic is based upon inducing a climate of fe ar that is disproportionate with the actual threat,” says Middle Eastern historian Richard Bulliet of Columbia University. “Every time you have an act of violence, publicizing that violent becomes an important part of the act itself.”

“There are various ways to have your impact. You can have your impact by the magnitude of what you do, by the symbolic character of target, or the horrific quality of what you do to a single person,” Bulliet tells WebMD. “The point is that it isn?t what you do, but it?s how it?s covered that determines the effect.” For example, Bulliet says the Iranian hostage crisis, which began in 1979 and lasted for 444 days, was actually one of the most harmless things that happened in the Middle East in the last 25 years. All of the U.S. hostages were eventually released unharmed, but the event remains a psychological scar for many Americans who watched helplessly as each evening?s newscast counted the days the hostages were being held captive.

Bulliet says terrorists frequently exploit images of a group of masked individuals exerting total power over their captives to send the message that the act is a collective demonstration of the group?s power rather than an individual criminal act. “You don?t have the notion that a certain person has t aken a hostage. It?s an image of group power, and the force becomes generalized rather than personalized,” says Bulliet. “The randomness and the ubiquity （无处不在）of the threat give the impression of vastly greater capacities.”

Psychiatrist Ansar Haroun, who served in the U.S. Army Reserves in the first Gulf War and more recently in Afghanistan, says that terrorist groups often resort to psychological warfar e because it?s the only tactic they have available to them. “They don?t have M-16s, and we have M-16s. They

don?t have the mighty military power that we have, and they only have access to things like kidnapping,” says Haroun, who is also a clinical profess or of psychiatry at the University of California, San Diego.

“In psychological warfare, even one beheading （斩首）can have the psychological impact that might be associated with killing 1,000 of the enemy,” Haroun tells WebMD. “You haven?t really harmed the enemy very much by killing one person on the other side. But in terms of inspiring fear, anxiety, terror, an d making us all feel bad, you?ve achieved a lot of demoralization.”

63. What has changed the rules of psychological warfare?

A Terrorist attacks.

B The increase of military conflicts.

C Advances in nuclear weapons.

D Prosperity of the media.

64. The goal of psychological warfare is to __________

A change the ideology of the opponent.

B win a battle without military attacks.

C generate a greater sense of fear.

D bring about more physical damage.

65. According to Richard Bulliet, publicizing an act of violence becomes an important part of terrorism itself because ________

A psychological terrorism is a tactic.

B terrorism depends on a climate of fear rather than on the actual threat.

C the use of terrorism is to inspire fear that is more destructive than the actual threat.

D publicizing the violence can make more people know the actual threat.

66. The Iranian hostage crisis shows that ___________

A means determines effects

B hostage crises are prevalent

C psychological terrors remain harmless

D the American media is effective

67. Terrorists hold an individual as a hostage to ___________

A scare the public

B demonstrate their cruelty

C manipulate the government concerned

D show their group power

68. In this passage the author __________

A emphasizes the great impact of psychological warfare.

B criticizes the violence of terrorism.

C calls for an end to psychological warfare.

D opposes the hostage crisis. Passage Four

In a year marked by uncertainty and upheaval, officials at New Orleans universities that draw applicants nationwide are not following the usual rules of thumb when it comes to college admissions. The only sure bet, they say, is that this fall?s entering classes---- the first since Katrina----will be smaller than usual.

In typical years, most college admissions officials can predict fairly accurately by this point in the admissions cycle how many high school seniors will commit to enrolling in their situations. Many of the most selective schools require students----who increasingly are applying to multiply institutions---to make their choices by May1. Loyola University, whose trustees will vote May 19 on whether to drop several degree programs and eliminate 17 faculty positions, received fewer applications---about 2,900 to date, compared with 3,500 in recent years. The school hopes to enroll 700 freshmen, down from 850 in the past few years. Historically black Dillard University, which is operating out of a hotel and was forced to cancel its annual March open house, also saw drops, as did Xavier University, a historically black Catholic institution that fell inside its recruitment schedule. Dillard won?t release numbers, but spokeswoman Naureen Larkins says applications were down and enrollments are expected to be lower than in the past. Xavier admissions dean Winston

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