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宾语从句基本讲解与练习

一、概念

在句子中起到宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。

二、连接词

1. 陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that (在非正式场合that可以省略)。that在从句中不充当任何成分，也没有实在意思，只起到连接作用。

No one told Jack (that) there would be a class meeting the next day.没有人告诉杰克第二天有班会。

Little Tom was afraid (that) he couldn’t pass the exam. 小汤姆担心这次考试不及格。

【拓展1】可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, wish, hope, imagine, wonder, know, believe, agree, explain, feel, suggest, hear, mean, notice 等。

【拓展2】当主句谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。

I don’t think (that) he can give a speech at the meeting.我认为他

不会在会上发言的。

【拓展3】在think, believe, imagine, suppose, guess, hope 等动词以及I’m afraid 等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句，用not代替一个否定的宾语从句。

eg: --- Do you believe he will come 你相信他会来吗

--- I believe so. 我相信会。

--- I don’t believe so. (或I believe not.) 我相信不会。

2. 以whether或if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句是陈述句语序。whether或if在从句中不充当任何成分，意为“是否”。

eg: “May I use your knife” He asked me. → He asked me if he might use my knife.

【注意1】从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。

eg: “Do you know her telephone number” He asked me.

→ He asked me whether I know her telephone number.

【注意2】：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。

①当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if。

eg: We are talking about whether we'll go on the picnic. 我们在讨论是否去野餐。

②引导词与动词不定式或or not 连用时，只用whether。

eg: Please let me know whether to do next step. 请让我知道是否开展下一步行动。

Could you tell me whether you go or not 能告诉我你是否去吗

3. 特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词what, which, who, whom, whose, when, where, why, how。引导词后要用陈述句语序。疑问词在从句中充当相应的主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语成分，且有自己的意义。

eg: "Who will give us a talk" I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.

【注意1】特殊疑问句变为宾语从句后，句末用问号还是用句号完全取决于主句的句式：如主句为陈述句、祈使句，句末就用句号；如主句是疑问句，句末就用问号。

eg: "Do you know" Where does he live → Do you know where he lives

"Which subject do you like best" He asked me. → He asked me which subject I liked best.

【温馨提示1】疑问句中主语之前的助动词若是do / does / did，变为宾语从句时，要先将其去掉，谓语动词再根据时态作相应的变化。

eg: "Why did you come to the party late yesterday " Can you tell me

→ Can you tell me why you came to the party late yesterday

【温馨提示2】特殊疑问词在句中作主语，变为宾语从句时语序不变（时态应作相应变化）。

eg: "Who can answer the question" The teacher asked.

→ The teacher asked who could answer the question. 老师问谁能回答这个问题。

【温馨提示3】特殊疑问句在宾语从句中，要是主从句人称一致，一般可将宾语从句复合句改为简单句。

eg: I wonder how I can send an e-mail to you.

→ I wonder how to send an e-mail to you. 我想知道如何给你发个电子邮件。

【特殊情况】：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为“引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序”。

eg: What do you think he is going to do next 你认为他下一步打算做什么

三、宾语从句的时态

1. 主句是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的实际情况需要使用相应的时态。

eg: The worker says (that) he works from Monday to Friday. 那名工人说他从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时）

John says (that) he will leave a message on his desk. 约翰说要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）

They will tell you (that) they are living / lived / will live / have lived in Shanghai. 他们会告诉你他们正住在上海 / 在上海住过 / 将住在上海 / 一直住在上海。 (从句是现在进行时/一般过去时/一般将来时/现在完成时)

2. 主句是一般过去时，从句须用过去时态的某种形式。

eg: He told me that he didn’t go to the library yesterday. 他告诉我他昨天没去图书馆。（从句是一般过去时）

He said (that) he was playing football at that time. 他说他那时

在踢足球。（从句是过去进行时）

He said (that) he would post the letter. 他说他将要寄这封信。 (从

句是过去将来时)

They asked me whether I had been there before. 他们问我以前去没

去过那里。 (从句是过去完成时)

【注意1】如果从句有具体的过去时间状语，尽管从句动作发生在主句动作之前，

有时仍用一般过去时。

eg: She told me her brother died in 1960. 她告诉我她哥哥1960年

去世的。

They said they checked everything yesterday. 他们说昨天他们全部

检查过了。

【注意2】当主句是一般过去时，而宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理、自然现象、

科学原理或格言时，从句仍使用一般现在时态。

eg: The teacher told us (that) nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it. 老师告诉我们世上无难事,只怕有心人。

四、随堂巩固练习

1. Have you decided ________for Australia

A. when will you leave

B. when do you leave

C. you will leave when

D. when you will leave

2. Can you tell me _________

A. where does Tom live

B. where Tom lived

C. Tom lives where

D. where Tom lives

3. The old man asked me ________ .

A. where was the cinema

B. where is the cinema

C. where the cinema was

D. where was the way

to the cinema

4. I think _______ you will like him.

A. that

B. if

C. why

D. how

5. I did n’t know _______ he will come or not.

A. that

B. whether

C. weather

D. how

6. I wonder _________ .

A. how much cost these shoes

B. how much do these shoes cost

C. how much these shoes cost

D. how much are these shoes cost

7. She asked me _________ .

A. who he was

B. who was he

C. who is he

D. who he is

8. Ask him __________.

A. whose cup this is

B. whose cup is this

C. this is whose cup

D. whose is this cup

9. I don’t know _________ .

A. what time the movie starts

B. what time starts the movie

C. the time to start the movie

D. the movie what time starts

10. The doctor asked me how long ________ .

A. was I ill

B. have I been ill

C. I have been ill

D. I had been ill

11. The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.

A. if it rains tomorrow

B. if does it rain tomorrow

C. if it will rain tomorrow

D. if will it rain tomorrow

12. Do you know _________

A. whose pen is this

B. whose pen this is

C. whom does the pen belong to

D. whom the pen belong to

13. Could you tell me where _________

A. the tape was

B. was the tape

C. the tape is

D. is the tape

14. They want to know _________

A. where is the hospital

B. how old are you

C. when the train will leave

D. why is the boy crying

15. Tony wanted to know _________.

A. what had Father Christmas put in his stocking

B. when Father Christmas had put in his stocking

C. what Father Christmas had put in his stocking

D. where Father Christmas had put in his stocking

16. No one knows _______ the professor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.

A. when

B. whether

C. where

D. if

17. July didn’t know_________.

A. where is Tim’s father

B. when was the first watch made

C. who the old man is

D. what was wrong with her watch

18. No one told us _________, so we need your help.

A. how should we do

B. what we should do

C. what to do

D. what should we do

19. We don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.

A. how do it

B. how to do

C. what do it

D. what to do

20. He asked me _________.

A. whether I find out the sender of the money

B. whether did I find out the sender of the money

C. whether the sender of the money found out

D. whether I found out the sender of the money

21. Did you hear _________

A. what did I say

B. what I said

C. I said what

D. what I say

22. Can you tell me ________

A. which class you are in

B. which class are

you in

C. you are in which class

D. are you in which

class

23. --- Excuse me. Could you tell me _______

--- Certainly.

A. when can I get to the station

B. I can get to which station

C. which station can I get to

D. how I can

get to the station

24. Could you tell me where _______ yesterday

A. did you go

B. you go

C. you have

gone D. you went

25. Tom asked me ________.

A. whose shirt was this

B. whose shirt this was

C. who shirt was this

D. who shirt this was

26. Excuse me, could you tell me _______

A. where’s the teachers’ office

B. where’s the bus station

C. what’s she doing

D. where the post office is

27. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I don’t know _______.

A. she lives where

B. she where lives

C. where she lives

D. where does she live

28. --- Go and ask Mr. White for help.

--- But I don’t know _________.

A. where does he live

B. where he lives

C. where is he living

D. he lives there

29. --- Can you tell me _________

--- Yes, he lives in a small town.

A. where he lives

B. who is

singing

C. when he will leave

D. what he said

30. Have you decided ________ for London

A. when will you leave

B. when you will leave

C. when are you going

D. when you are going

31. Excuse me. Could you tell me ________our tickets

A. where do we show

B. where shall we show

C. where did we show

D. where we shall show

32. --- What are you interested in about cooking food

--- We are all interested in _________.

A. how egg is fried

B. how is egg fried

C. How egg fries

D. how does egg fry

33. Do you know _______

A. what it is

B. what is it

C. who is he

D. whose name is it

34. Do you know _______

A. whose book is this

B. whose book this is

C. this book is whose

D. who’s book this is

35. I don’t know ______ now.

A. where is my cat

B. my cat is where

C. where my cat is

D. where my cat

36. Does he know _________

A. what’s your name

B. what name is your

C. what your is name

D. what your name is

37. Do you know _________

A. which floor he lives

B. which floor he lives on

C. he lives on which floor

D. which floor does he lives on

38. Tell me where _________

A. is the hospital

B. the hospital is

C. is hospital

D. hospital is

39. He hasn’t decided _______.

A. if he’ll go on a trip to Wu xi

B. when will he go on a trip to Wu xi

C. if he goes on a trip to Wu xi

D. when does he go on a trip to Wu xi

40. Can you see ________

A. what he’s reading

B. what is he reading

C. what does he read

D. he reads what

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