现在分词的几种详细用法 (10)
现在分词的七种用法
（一）作定语
1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。The sleeping boy is Tom.
2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如：
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.
3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。
Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。This is an English-speaking country.
（二）作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。The story is moving.
（三）现分在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
（四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.
2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。
While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
3. 作条件状语。
V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
5. 作结果状语。He died, leaving nothing but debts.
6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。He sat by the roadside, begging.
（五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.
（六）现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式The factory being built now is a big one.
（七）现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
过去分词的用法
一．1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成.
(1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了.
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成.
(2) He is retired. 他已退休.
3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.
(3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山.
过去分词作表语
【注意】过分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作.
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作)
(2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物.
(3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣.
过去分词作定语
作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成.
1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前.
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况.
2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中.
The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功.
3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号.
(1)The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人.
4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.
(2) The boy looked up with a pleased expression. 男孩带着满意的表情举目而视.
过去分词作状语
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.
(1) Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.
【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写. 值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). (2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.
2. 过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.
(1) Given another hour, I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语逻辑主语为主句主语I ,即I 被再给一个小时.)
(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill, the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)
【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.
(1) The signal given, the bus started. 信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.
(2) Her head held high, she went by. 她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)
3. 过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.
(1) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了. (caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.
When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
4. 过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,
前面有逗号与主句隔开.
He stood there silently, moved to tears. = Moved to tears, he stood there silently.过去分词作宾语补足语
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等.
(1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作)
(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed动作先于谓动) 2. 表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have, make, get, keep, leave等.
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发.
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了.
(3) Don't leave those things undone. 要把那些事情做完.
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.
(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.
1. 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.
(1) He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)
2. 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如:
(2) He had his leg broken.他的腿断了. (自己的经历)
"with +宾语+过去分词"结构
"with +宾语+过去分词"结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.例如:
(1) The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back. 凶手被带进来了,双手被绑在背后.(方式)
(2) With water heated, we can see the steam. 水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)
(3) With the matter settled, we all went home. 事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)
(4)_She stood in front of him, with her eyes fixed on his face. 她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿.
二．（一）分词的作用
·现在分词可用于：·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English.
·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing.
·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。
·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. ·I saw many birds flying along the river.
·The story is very moving.
·过去分词可用于：
·①构成完成时。e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there.
·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world.
·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful.
·④当形容词作定语、宾补·e.g. a boy named Tom
·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. ·I’m interested in English.
（二）现在分词与过去分词的两大差别
1. 现在分词与过去分词的最大差别在语态上：现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。
2. 现在分词与过去分词的第二大差别在时态上：现在分词表进行，过去分词表完成。
3. 把握主、被动关系的两个前提
1）弄清动词的确切含义。不少主、被动关系判断错误都是由于没弄清动词的确切含义造成的。
Wrong: Girls frighten snakes.
Right: Girls fear snakes./ Snakes frighten girls.
牢记: tire, disappoint, satisfy, terrify, interest, frighten, worry, excite, surprise, please, seat, puzzle, ect. 只能
作及物动词，都有“使动”的特点，都含“使……”之义。
2）能熟练判断分词的逻辑主语。即明白与哪个词去构成主、被动关系。
分词的逻辑主语
逻辑主语就是与分词具有主、被动关系的名词或代词。它既可能是句子主语，又可能是句中宾语，或者是句中其它成分；它既可能是动作行为的发出者，也有可能是动作行为的承受者。那种认为逻辑主语就是动作行为的发出者的理解是片面的。
分词的逻辑主语的位置不是固定不变的, 而是“活”的——随着分词所作语法成分的不同，其逻辑主语位置也不同，所以确定逻辑主语前首先要确定分词的语法成分。
（1）作状语Seeing the teacher come in, all the students stood up.
the students是seeing的逻辑主语
Heated, the metal expands. the metal是heated的逻辑主语结论：分词作状语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
（2）作宾补时
I saw him reading last night. him 是reading的逻辑主语
His wife found his hair dyed black. hair是dyed的逻辑主语
结论：分词作宾补，其逻辑主语是句子宾语。
（3）作表语时
The film is moving. the film是moving的逻辑主语
The visitors looked surprised.
the visitors是surprised的逻辑主语
结论：分词作表语，其逻辑主语是句子主语。
（4）作定语时
This is an interesting book. book是interesting的逻辑主语
The moved children looked serious. children是moved的逻辑主语
结论：分词作定语，其逻辑主语是被修饰词（即中心词）。
（5）用于复合结构中时（即在独立主格中与with复合结构中）
With the task completed, we went out to take some fresh air. the task是completed的逻辑主语It being Sunday, they had no classes. it 是being的逻辑主语
结论：分词用于复合结构，逻辑主语是复合结构中的逻辑主语
（三）确定分词的使用的具体步骤
（1）根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分（2）找准逻辑主语
（3）判断主、被动关系（4）选定现在或过去分词
1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed
B. following
C. to be followed
D. being followed
简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是修饰noise 的定语短语；据常识“雷声随闪电之后到来”，自然
A noise follows the sudden burst of light , noise与follow是主动关系。因此，该题应选B。
2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912.
A. first playing
B. to be first played
C. first played
D. to be playing
简析：根据语法分析可知，待选部分是一个作定语、修饰The Olympic Games 的后置分词短语；The Olympic Games是动词play 的承受者，且已完成(in 776 B. C.)。因此，该题选C。
3. What’s the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
简析：该题应选B。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which is spoken
4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists.
A. invited
B. to invite
C. being invited
D. inviting
简析：该题应选A。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句who were invited
5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
简析：该题应选D。测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动，等于定语从句which were written
（四）分词作表语共同点：分词作表语时，它起着形容词的作用。
不同点：分词作表语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作表语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The news sounds ____.
A. encouraging
B. encouraged
C. encourage
D. to encourage
简析：根据语法分析可知，sounds 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分应作表语；The news 对于动词encourage 来说应是主动关系，即消息鼓舞人心。因此，该题应选A
2. —How did Bob do in the exams this time?
—Well, his father seems ____ with his results.
A. pleasing
B. please
C. pleased
D. to please
简析：根据语法分析可知, seems 在此句中用作连系动词, 待选部分作表语。再根据his father 对于动词please 来说应是被动关系, 即这个结果使他的父亲高兴。因此, 该题应选C。
3. —How did the audience receive the new play?
—They got very ____.
A . excite
B . excited
C . excitedly
D . exciting
简析：该题应选B。测试他们被那出新戏所打动。
（五）分词作宾语补足语
共同点：分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语，对句子的宾语起补充或说明作用。
不同点：分词作宾语补足语时，句子的宾语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，所表示的动作一般与句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；而过去分词则表示被动关系，所示动作一般发生在谓语动词之前或同时发生。
1. The next morning she found the man ____ in bed, dead.
A. lying
B. lie
C. lay
D. laying
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知, 待选部分在句中应作宾补, 补充说明宾语the man; 再根据宾语the man 对于动词lie 来说应是主动关系, 且lie 这个动作与谓语动词found 同时进行。因此, 该题应选A。
2. —Good morning. Can I help you?
—I’d like to have the package ____, madam.
A. be weighed
B. to be weighed
C. to weigh
D. weighed
简析：首先，根据语法分析可知，待选部分在句中应作宾补，补充说明宾语the package; 再根据the package 对于动词weigh 来说, 只能是被动关系。因此，该题应选D。
3. He is not good at English, so it is not easy for him to make himself ______.
A. understand
B. understanding
C. understood
D. understands
简析：该题应选C。himself是make的宾语，待选部分的逻辑主语。由于英语表达能力差，说出的英语别人难于听懂，也就不易被人理解。因此，这里用过去分词来表达这一被动含义。
4. If you wave your book in front of your face, you can feel the air ____ against your face.
A. moved
B. moving
C. moves
D. to move
简析：该题应选B。测试使役动词后用现在分词作宾补表示宾语正发出的动作。
（六）分词作状语共同点：分词作状语时，一般在句子中作时间、原因、方式或伴随等状语。
不同点：分词作状语时，句子的主语就是该分词的逻辑主语。但现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主
现在分词用法总结
现在分词 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ①It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ②It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。 eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有： A: start, begin, intend, attempt, continue等后接doing和to do无区别。 B: like, love, prefer, hate等后接doing和to do略有区别，后接doing侧重经常习惯性的行为，后接to do侧重具体的某一次行为。 eg: I like swimming in summer but today I like to see a film at home
现在分词的用法
现在分词的用法 现在分词（Present Participle）（又称-ing形式、现在进行式），是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。 ☆现在分词的两个基本特点： 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家，boiled water 白开水，risen sun 升起的太阳） 2. 在语态上表示主动。例如：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试 比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级） 三：否定式： 所有否定式都是在一ing前面加not 1）现在分词的时态：现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。 A）现在分词的一般式：doing 表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。 女口：Looking back, I found she was washing clothes. She smelt something burning.（smelt 发生在burning 的过程中。） 她闻到有东西烧焦了。 She sat on the chair, reading a novel. B）现在分词的完成式：having done 表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest. Not having received his letter, we all felt worried. 2）现在分词的语态： 现在分词用主动还是被动，决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，用主动。 反之，用被动。 如: Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV. I knew the man sitting under the tree.（the man是sitting的逻辑主语，而且是分词动作的执行者，故分词用主动。） I found the car being washed.
初中英语现在分词用法总结
初中英语现在分词用法总结 一、基础知识： 现在分词（也叫动名词）：表示主动和进行。 基本形式：doing 否定式：not doing 被动式：being done 完成式：having done 二、具体用法： 1.动名词作主语和宾语： （1）把一个动词变成-ing形式可以当做名词来用，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作，可在句中充当主语和宾语。 eg: Working with you is a pleasure. I like reading in my free time. （2）可以用it做形式主语或形式宾语放在前面，再用动名词做真正的主语或宾语放在后面，这种用法常用于以下句式： ① It is/was no use/good doing sth. 做某事是没用的/没有好处的。 eg: It’s no use begging for his mercy. It’s no good smoking too much. ② It is/was a waster of time doing sth. 做某事是浪费时间的。eg: It is a waste of time copying others’ homework. ③ It is/was worth doing sth. 做某事是值得的。 eg: It was worth making the effort. ④ There is/was no sense in doing sth. 做某事是没有道理的/
意义的。 eg: There is no sense in arguing with your wife. ⑤ There is/was no point (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的/ 无意义的。 eg: There is no point in getting angry. ⑥ There is no shame in doing sth. 做某事是不丢脸的。 eg: There is no shame in saying sorry to your friends. ⑦ There is no telling…无法预言会… eg: There is no telling what will happen. ※注意：动名词作主语时，其前可用名词所有格和形容词性物主代词修饰，即one’s doing sth.作主语。 eg: Tom’s being late again made his teacher angry. My going to Beijing University is my parents’ biggest dream. （3）动名词作宾语分为两种情况：动名词后的宾语和介词后的宾语 ①有些动词后只能接动名词作宾语，常见的有： avoid, advise, allow, admit, appreciate, consider, deny, enjoy, keep, finish, suggest, dislike, delay, risk, escape, imagine, mind, miss, permit, practice, fancy, can’t help, be busy, give up, can’t stand, feel like等。 eg: You must avoid being hurt when crossing the road. ②有些动词后即可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语，常见的有：
come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比
come和go后接现在分词的用法归纳与对比 一、表示日常生活或娱乐 come 和 go 后接日常生活的某些活动或娱乐活动，表示来做某事或去做某事，此时两者用法基本相同，只是“方向”不同。 1. come doing 的用例 Come dancing. 来跳舞。 Would you like to come sailing? 你愿意来坐船游览吗? Come swimming with us tomorrow. 明天跟我们一起游泳吧。 Why don’t you come ice-skating with us tonight? 今晚来和我们一起溜冰好吗? 2. go doing 的用例 It’s dangerous to go skating on the lake.在湖上滑冰有危险。 I went swimming while the others played tennis. 我去游泳，其余的人都打网球去了。 Could you look after the kids while I go shopping? 我去买东西，你照管一下孩子，好吗? On Saturdays, when I was a child, we would all get up early and go fishing. 我小的时候,我们星期六都一早起床去钓鱼。 还可表示方式或伴随 go后接现在分词可以表示“去”的方式，或者是伴随“去”还有另一个动作同时在发生。如： She slipped and went hurtling downstairs. 她一失足咕噜噜跌下楼梯。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 说明：在这类用法中，go doing 远比 come doing 用得普通，表示去进行该活动，其用法与上面讲到的“come+现在分词”相似，只是方向不同，一个表示“来”做某事，一个表示“去”做某事。 同时 go doing 的搭配能力也比 come doing 强得多，通常能这样搭配的现在分词有 climbing, cycling, exploring, dancing, fishing, hiking徒步旅行, hunting, riding, roller-skating, sailing, shooting, skating, skiing, surfing, swimming, walking, dancing, shopping, fishing, water-skiing 等。 They are going skiing. 他们要去滑雪。 They are going sailing. 他们要去航行了。 I’ m going shopping this afternoon.今天下午我要去购物。， 二、表示“来”“去”的方式 come 和 go 后面可以跟表示运动的动词的现在分词，可以“来”“去”的方式，含有“……来”“……去”之意，但在具体翻译时应灵活处理。 1. come doing的用例 She came running into the room. 她跑进屋来。 Memories of his childhood came flooding back. 他童年的往事涌上心头。 2. go doing的用例 She went sobbing up the stairs. 她呜咽着上楼去了。 The car went skidding off the road into a ditch. 汽车打滑冲出公路跌进沟里。 三、“go+现在分词”的其他用法
现在分词用法讲解
一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 二、现在分词的基本用法 1. 作表语：表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。 2. 作定语： (1). 表示主动的、进行的状态：The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. （比较：The factory being built now is a big one.） (2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征：This is an interesting story. (3). 相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语：This is an English-speaking country. 3. 作状语：表示主动的、进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是，需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.) (1). 原因状语：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. (2). 时间状语：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. (3). 条件状语：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. (4). 让步状语：Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone. (5). 结果状语：He died, leaving nothing but debts. (6). 伴随状语：He sat by the desk, begging. 注意：The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点：①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7). 方式状语：Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly. 4. 作宾补：表示主动的、进行的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) 三、现在分词的两个基本特点 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行：a developing country, boiling water, rising sun (比较: a developed country, boiled water, risen sun) 2. 在语态上表示主动：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级(比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 四、独立主格结构（Absolute Phrase）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 A lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. （原因）Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. （条件） He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. （伴随） An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. （结果） The meeting over, they all went home. （时间） Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. （结果） The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. （伴随） Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night. （目的）
英语分词的用法
英语分词的用法 英语中的分词有两种：现在分词和过去分词。及物动词的现在分词表示正在进行和主动意义，过去分词表示已经完成和被动意义。现将常用的英语分词的用法归纳如下: 1.作定语 分词可用来修饰名词或代词，并和所修饰的词在逻辑上有主谓关系。 (1)前置定语 单个分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰名词之前，作前置定语。例如： What exciting news it is! 这是多么令人振奋人心的消息! There were a lot of excited people at the concert．演奏会上，很多人兴奋不已。 (2)后置定语 a、少数单个分词(尤其是过去分词为多)作定语时，也可作后置定语。例如： Make sentences with the words given ．用所给的词造句。 The goods ordered will be delivered soon. The money left is far from enough. Many people are dubious about the announcement from the authorities concerned. b、单个分词作不定代词的定语时，要放在被修饰代词之后，作后置定语。例如： Is there anything unsolved ? 还有没解决的问题吗? There is something missing ． 有东西丢失了。 c、分词短语作定语时，要放在被修饰名词之后，作后置定语。这时的分词短语相当于一个定语从句。例如： Do you know the old woman sitting under the tree ?(=Do you know the old woman who is sitting under the tree ?) 你认识坐在树下的那个老太太吗? There comes a girl dressed in red ．(=There comes a girl who is dressed in red ．) 一个穿红衣服的女孩走过来了。 2.作表语 分词作表语，相当于形容词。现在分词作表语通常表示主语所具有的性质或特征，含有“令 人……的”意思。过去分词作表语多表示主语所处的情形或状态，含有“感到……的”意思。例如： The match was very disappointing ． 这场比赛令人失望。 They were very disappointed ． 他们都非常失望。 3.作补语 (1)作宾语补语 a、分词作宾语补足语，宾语和现在分词(主动意义)有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语和过去分词 (被动意义)有逻辑上的动宾关系。 分词通常用在see，hear, watch，notice，feel，find等感官动词或have，get，make
高中现在分词的用法
高中英语现在分词的用法 1）- ing分词（短语）作主语： 1. 动词-ing 形式作主语表示抽象的或泛指的动作, 谓语动词用单数。如： 1. Talking to him is talking to a wall. 对他说话等于对牛弹琴。 2. Smoking may cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 3. Walking is my only exercise. 散步是我唯一的运动。 4. Talking mends no holes. （谚）空谈无济于事。 5. Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。 1. 为了保持句子平衡，通常用作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如：It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 常见的作表语的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time 等。如： It is worthwhile discussing with her. It 's no good waiting here. Let 's go home. It was a waste of time reading that book. 2. 动词-ing形式的否定形式是在其前面加not。如： Your schoolmate 's not coming home made her parents worried. 2）-ing 分词（短语）作宾语： 1. I suggest ending the meeting. 我建议结束会议。 2. He admitted taking the money. 他承认钱是他拿的 3. I couldn ' t help laughing.
现在分词的几种详细用法 (10)
现在分词的七种用法 （一）作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语，通常放在所修饰词前。The sleeping boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面，意思同定语从句差不多。例如： Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开。 Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。This is an English-speaking country. （二）作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。The story is moving. （三）现分在句中作宾语补足语，这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) （四）作状语现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语，如果不是，需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday. 2. 作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句。Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while。 While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing 形式作条件状语时，相当于一个条件状语从句。Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。He died, leaving nothing but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。He sat by the roadside, begging. （五）现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。 Having finished his homework, he left the classroom. （六）现在分词的被动式 当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，用V-ing 形式的被动式The factory being built now is a big one. （七）现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。 Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. 过去分词的用法 一．1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动,又表示完成. (1)_ The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. (2) He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. (3)_The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 过去分词作表语 【注意】过分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语)
现在分词用法与练习
现在分词用法与练习一、现在分词的各种形式及意义
二、现在分词的句法功能
1．作定语 单个的现在分词充当前置定语，分词短语充当后置定语。但是，完成式的现在分词不能用作定语。 The swimming boy is my elder brother．正在游泳的男孩是我的哥哥。 Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise．告诉那边正在玩的男孩们不要制造噪。 2．作表语 现在分词作表语，用来说明主语的性质和特征，相当于形容词，其主语通常是物。一般跟在连系动词be，get，be，come，look，sound，feel，keep，remain，grow，seem，appear 等后面。 The story sounds interesting．这个故事听起来很有趣。The news was disappointing．这个消息令人失望。 【点津】动名词也可以作表语，此时主语和表语是对等关系，可以互换位置。 Your task is cleaning the windows．（=Cleaning the windows is your task．）你的任务是擦窗户。 3．作补足语 (1) 现在分词可以在see，hear，notice，watch，feel，look at， listen to，observe，have，get，leave，keep，set，catch，find等动词(短语)后面作宾语补足语。
I noticed a man running out of the bank when I got off the car． 我下车的时候注意到一个男人匆匆忙忙地从银行里跑出来。 (2) 上面这类句子也可变成被动语态，这时，现在分词可看成是主语补足语。 She was heard singing an English song yesterday．昨天有人听见她在唱英文歌曲。 A cook will be fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen. 厨师若被发现在厨房内抽烟会被解雇。 （3）with +宾语+v-ing With so many people looking at her, she felt nervous. 4．作状语 现在分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。必须记住：从句和主句的主语必须一致。 (1) 表示时间。现在分词表时间时，相当于when等引导的时间状语从句。 ①Be careful when crossing the road．（=Be careful when you are crossing the road.） 过马路时小心点。 ②Having turned off the TV, he began to do his
现在分词的用法
1）现在分词的时态：现在分词本身不能表示具体的时间概念，其动作发生的时间只能是相对于谓语动作发生时间相对而言的。这一点和不定式用法相同。 A)现在分词的一般式：doing 表示分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生。或是谓语动作发生时，分词的动作正在发生过程中。 如：Looking back, I found she was washing clothes. She smelt something burning.(smelt发生在burning的过程中。) 她闻到有东西烧焦了。 She sat on the chair, reading a novel. B)现在分词的完成式：having done 表示现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。 Having worked for 2 hours, we had a rest. Not having received his letter, we all felt worried. 2)现在分词的语态： 现在分词用主动还是被动，决定于它的逻辑主语。如果现在分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的执行者，用主动。反之，用被动。 如：Entering the room, I found Tom watching TV. I knew the man sitting under the tree.(the man是sitting的逻辑主语，而且是分词动作的执行者，故分词用主动。) I found the car being washed.
3)现在分词的逻辑主语： A)如果分词在句子作定语，其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词。 如：a developing country. 一个发展中的国家，boiling water 沸水，rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳 a running boy=a boy who is running B)如果分词在句子作表语，其逻辑主语通常就是句中的主语。 如：The story was interesting. The match is exciting. C)如果分词在句子作宾语补语，其逻辑主语就是句中的宾语。 如：He kept the boy singing. I found his playing on the playground. D)如果分词在句中作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。 如：Walking on the road, he was whistling. 他一边走路，一边吹着口哨。 Not knowing what to do. His uncle died,leaving him a lot of money. 注意：分词作状语时，有时其逻辑主语不是句子的主语。此时，分词需要自带逻辑主语。其形式为“名词/代词+现在分词”，构成独立分词结构。也可在名词前加上介词with或without。 如：(With)his wife cooking in the kitchen, he was reading in the living room.
现在分词的用法详解
现在分词的用法详解 现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。 一.构成形式 doing （特殊的略）现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作二.时态与语态 一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done 所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式 三.可作成分 定语状语补语表语 1.作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前 分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一 e.g. a running boy the girl standing there
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句 e.g. a boy who is running a girl who is standing there 注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语 注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点 注意3：某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词性eg. an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句但是可以有三级变化（原级比较级最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰 我们一般不说： The girl having won the race is my deskmate. 而常这样说： The girl who has won the race is my deskmate. done用作后置定语，表示被动，同时表示过去的时间, 这种结构中一般都用及物动词。 the castle built in the 17th century == the castle which was built in the … the soldiers died in the war... The soldier who died in the war
现在分词的用法
-ing分词用法归纳 1. -ing分词概述 -ing分词的基本形式是由动词加-ing 构成，与动词的分词形式一致。 -ing分词的主要变化形式有一般式和完成式；一般式和完成式中又分别有主动形式及被动形式。详见下表： 2. -ing分词的意义 (1) -ing分词所表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如： He used to stand there thinking. 他过去常站在那儿思考。 They held activities celebrating their culture. 他们举行活动来庆祝他们的文化。 (2) -ing分词若在suggest, insist等动词后或作结果状语时，表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后； He suggested us practicing English every day. 他建议我们每天练习英语。 He insists on going with us together. 他坚持要跟我们一起去。 Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there. 她母亲一个人走了，让她一个人在那儿哭。 (3) -ing分词若在forget, regret, remember等动词后或作时间状语时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如： Can you still remember living there? 你还能记得在那里的生活情况吗？ I don’t regret helping him, though he is unkind to us. 尽管她对我们不友好，我对帮助他还是不后悔。 (4) -ing分词若在介词before, after之后，动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如： I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep. 我在入睡前常要看一看报纸。 (5) -ing分词表泛指意义的动作或状态时，没有时间意义。如： Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit. 坚持做早操是一种好的习惯。 (6) -ing分词的完成式表示所发生的动作在谓语动词的动作之前。如：
英语现在分词用法
现在分词用法浅析 【提问】请问下面这个句子中的动词+ing形式是动名词吗？ Must be able to exist without sleep for up to six days while completing other duties. (Experiencing English Extended Book 2 Page 23) 答：我们讨论过动名词的功能以及用法，动名词与现在分词有着相同的形式，但是在功能和用法上存在很大的区别，两者在句中充当不同的成分，起着各自不同的作用。 现在分词在句中通常可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语，所起的作用相当于形容词或副词。 一、现在分词的形式 1.现在分词的一般式由“动词+ing”构成，其被动式为“being+动词过去分词”。 例如：The students standing there are from Class Three. 站在那里的学生来自三班。 The English novel being translated by the editor now will be completed in October. 那位编 辑现在正在翻译的英文小说将在10月份完成。 2. 现在分词的完成式由“having +动词过去分词”构成，其被动式为“having +been+动词过去分词”。 例如：Having finished all the work, they had a good rest. 结束了所有的工作后，他们好好地休息了一下。 Having been laughed at his looks during the childhood, the boy is still very sensitive about his appearance so far. 由于童年时相貌被嘲笑，男孩至今仍然对自己的形象很敏感。 3.现在分词的否定式为“not +动词-ing”，被动式的否定式为“not+being+动词过去分词”，其完成式的否定式为“not + having +动词过去分词”。 例如：Not reading carefully, he wouldn’t find many things he had not known before. 不认真读书，他就不会发现许多以前从来不知道的东西。 Not being noticed by the public, the young writer felt a little pity. 没被公众所关注，年轻的作家感到有点遗憾。 Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有回应，因此他决定再写一封信。 二、现在分词的用法 1. 作定语现在分词作定语，具有形容词的性质。一般说来，单个的现在分词一般可以前置作定语，修饰名词；如果现在分词构成分词短语则后置作定语。 例如：Keep quiet. Don't wake up the sleeping children. 请安静。不要吵醒睡觉的孩子们。We live in a room facing the south. 我们住在一间朝南的房间里。
现在分词用法总结
v-ing用法（一） --------作主语和宾语 形式若用作主语或者宾语时，也称为动名词。 1．形式有时态和语态的变化，结构如下表： . She regretted having wasted so much time. 她后悔浪费了这么多的时间。 He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child. 2．形式的复合结构 （1）物主代词或名词所有格与形式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。 ①形容词性物主代词+doing ②名词’s+doing ③代词宾格+doing ④名词+doing . Mary’s being late for class made her teacher angry. 玛丽上课迟到使的她的老师很生气。 （2）形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③ ④两种形式；作宾语时，①②③④四种形式都可以。 . Do you mind me coming late for the film 你介意我看电影来迟了吗 3. 作主语 （1）直接放在句首作主语，句子谓语动词用单数。
Collecting stamps is a good hobby. 集邮是很好的爱好。（2）在“it is no use/ no good/ fun/ a waste of time/ no pleasure 等名词+doing”结构中作主语，it 作形式主语。 . It is no use complaining; he can’t understand you.（3）在“it is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词+doing”结构中作主语，it为形式主语。 . It is useless speaking. （4）形式短语用作主语时，常常由形容词性的物主代词或者名词所有格构成。 . Your being right doesn’t necessarily mean my being wrong. 你正确未必就意味着我错了。 （5）形式和to do不定式作主语的区别：一般说来，在表示比较抽象的一般行为时多使用形式；在表示具体的动作，特别是将来的动作时，多用不定式。 . To do such sort of thing is foolish. 做这种事真傻。 Smoking is harmful to our health. 吸烟有害健康。 4. 作宾语 （1）有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。这样的动词有：escape 逃避；enjoy 喜欢；admit 承认；practise 练习；appreciate 欣赏；finish 完成；prevent 防止；avoid 避免；forbid 禁止；consider 考虑；forgive 宽恕； imagine 想象；risk 冒险；dislike讨厌；mind在意；save挽救；miss错过；suggest 建议；propose建议；