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2020年中考英语语法重点与难点

2020年中考英语语法重点与难点
2020年中考英语语法重点与难点

2020年中考英语语法重点与难点

1、as…as…结构:你和汤姆是一样好的孩子。

You’re a boy as good as Tom.=You’re as good a boy as Tom.

2、(1)too…to与so…that sb. can’t…的句型转换:前者为简单句,主语只有一个,而后者为复合句,主语有两个,试比较:

The man was too angry to be able to speak.

The man was so angry that he wasn’t able to speak.

(2) too…to…与not enough to句型的转换:

He is too young to get married.=He is not old enough to get married.

The book is too difficult for me to read.=

The book is not easy enough for me to read.

3、形容词原级表示比较级含义:

约翰不象迈克那么苯。

John is not so stupid as Mike.

John is less stupid than Mike.

John is cleverer than Mike.

4、用比较级表示最高级:约翰是班里最高的男生。

John is taller than any other boy in the class.

John is the tallest boy in the class.

5、the +比较级…,the +比较级….表示“越……,越……”:The more books you read,the wider your knowledge is.

The more food you eat,the fatter you are.

6、比较级+and +比较级….表示“越来越……”:

More and more students realized the importance of a foreign language.

Our country is getting stronger and stronger.

二.中考考点—词组

1. after,in 这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思

after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中。

如:She went after three days. 她是三天以后走的

in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中

如:She will go in three days. 她三天以后要走

2. how long,how often,how soon

how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days,four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it?这是多久前的事了?

how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问。如:—How often does he come here?—Once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次。

how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour,in two weeks 等)提问。如:How soon can you come?你多快能赶来?

3. few,a few,little,a little,several,some

few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”

a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”

few 和a few修饰可数名词;little 和a little 修饰不可数名词

several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思

some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或a little,有时指更多一些的数量

4. the other,another

the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指。如:We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other. 我们站在街这边,他们站在那边

another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书

5. spend,take,cost,pay

spend的宾语通常是指花费时间/金钱,在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语。sb. spend some time/money (in) doing sth./on sth.如:She spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书

take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语.It takes sb. some time to do sth.如:How long will this job take you?

你做这项工作要花多长时间?

cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态.sth. cost sb. some money.如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?

pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人).sb. pay some money for sth.如:I pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金

6. among,between

between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子。between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间。如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)

among指的是三者或三者以上之间。

7. beat,win

这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?

beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人/组织/团体。如:We beat them. 我们打败了他们。

win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛/战争/奖励的名称。如:We won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)。

8. agree with,agree on,agree to

agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”?如:We all agree on (making) an early start. 我们一致同意及早出发?

agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见。看法的名词或what引导的从句?。如:I agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见。We agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见。

agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件。

9. bring,take,carry,fetch

这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同。

bring作“带来,拿来”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我。

take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away,please. 请把盒子拿走。

carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车、船,也可以用手甚至用头。如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人。

fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思。如:Please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我。

10. each,every

两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同。

each着重个别的情况,指两者或两者以上每个。

every着重全体,指三者多三者以上每个,有“所有的”的意思。

如:She knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生。She knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生。

11. no one,none

no one指“没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)”,意思与nobody 相同,作主语时不必跟of连用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest. 没有人相信他,因为他不诚实。No one else but I went. 除我以外,谁也没去。

none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单、复数都可以。但在“主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式。如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难。

12. go on doing,go on to do,go on with

这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:

go on doing 表示“继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断)”;

go on to do 表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;

go on with 也表示“继续做某事”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去。

13. too much,much too

二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词、副词,不可修饰动词。如:It’s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了。

too much作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法?

(1)作名词词组如:You have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了。

(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词如:Don’t drink too much wine. 不要饮太多的酒

(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词如:She talks too much. 她说话太多

14. happen,take place与occur

happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?。如:Whatever has happened to your arm?It’s all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害!

occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”,有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中。如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?

事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的。

take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行。

15. in front of,in the front of

in front of的意思是“在……前面”。如:There is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树。

in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面。如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板

16. noise,voice,sound

这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用,但它们又各有特定的含义。

sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微弱的声

noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音,它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。如:Another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音。

voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声、歌声和笑声。如:He shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊。有时也用于引申意义,作“意见、发言权”解。如:I have no voice in the matter.

对于这件事,我没有发言权。

17. arrive,get,reach

三者均可表示“到达”

arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚了5分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎?

get之后通常接介词to。如:When we got to the park,it began to rain. 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。

reach是及物动词(较get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)。如:He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。

三.情态动词

1.考查情态动词表示“推测”的用法

[考点]

表示肯定推测的情态动词有:must“一定;准是”,may“也许;可能”,might“或许”;

表示否定推测的情态动词有:can't“不可能”,couldn't“不会”,may not“也许不”,might not“或许不”;

can表示推测时不用于肯定句,may表示推测时不用于疑问句。

2.考查情态动词引起的一般疑问句的答语

[考点]

回答must时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn't或don't have to。

回答need时,肯定答语用must,否定答语用needn't。

回答may时,肯定答语用may,否定答语用mustn't 或can't。

3.考查情态动词的意义

[考点]

must “必须”;

have to“不得不”;

need “必须;需要”;

can(could)“能;可能”;

may (might) “可以;可能”;

shall,will (would)“将;会;愿意;要”;

should“应当”。

“had better (not) + 动词原形”表示建议;

have to / has to /had to的否定,疑问形式要借助于助动词do /does /did。

四.There be 的句子结构

There be是一个“存在”句型,表示“有”的意思,

肯定句的形式为:There be + 名词(单数或复数)+地点状语或时间状语。

be动词单复数的确定,看be后边第一个名词,当所接主语为单数或不可数名词时,be动词形式为is;当所接主语为复数名词时,be动词为are;当be动词后接两个以上主语时,be动词与最临近主语保持数上的一致。意思为“某地有某人或某物”。如:

There is an eraser and two pens on the desk. 桌子上有一块橡皮和两支钢笔。

There are two pens and an eraser on the desk. 桌上有两支钢笔和一块橡皮。

(1)there be的否定句,即在be的后面加上not。

否定形式为:There be + not + (any)+ 名词+地点状语。

There is not any cat in the room. 房间里没猫。

There aren't any books on the desk. 桌子上没书。

(2)there be句型的疑问句就是将be提到句首:Be there + (any)+名词+地点状语

肯定回答:Yes,there is / are. 否定回答:No,there isn't / aren't.

-Is there a dog in the picture?画上有一只狗吗

-Yes,there is. 有。

-Are there any boats in the river?河里有船吗

-No,there aren't. 没有。

(3)特殊疑问句:How many . . . are there (+地点状语)

某地有多少人或物回答用There be . . .

There's one. / There are two / three / some . . .

有时直接就用数字来回答。One. / Two . . .

-How many students are there in the classroom?教室里有多少学生

-There's only one. / There are nine. 只有一个。/有九个。

(4)如果名词是不可数名词,用:How much + 不可数名词+ is there + 地点状语

How much water is there in the cup?杯中有多少水

五.中考对定语从句的考查:

1.定语从句的功用和结构

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定从句修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例如:

This is the present that he gave me for my birthday

2.关系代词和关系副词的功用

关系代词和关系副词用来引导定于从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系待客做主语,宾语,定语,关系副词可作状语。

1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词一致。例如:

I don’t like people who talk much but do little.

The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.

2. 作宾语:She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.

The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.

3. 作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。例如:

What’s the name of the young man whose sister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.

4. 作状语

I’ll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

三. 各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法

1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

The person who broke the window must pay for it.

The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever.

2. whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:

Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?

Mr Lee (whom) you want to see has come.

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考16 定语从句(讲解)

2019-2020学年中考英语语法备考秘籍—定语从句 【知识方法】 先行词:名词或代词 定语从句 关系代词 关系词 关系副词 【知识清单】 定语从句 知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点! 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词。定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when,关系代词和关系副词是引导词,在定语从句中担当某一成份。 关系代词、副词作用先行词例句 that,who,whom(只做宾语) 主语 宾语 表语 人Do you know the girl who/that is standing under a tree? 你知道站在树下的女孩是谁吗?

that,which 主语 宾语 表语物、时间、 地 点、原因 She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her. 她有一台她的父母买给她的电脑。 whose 定语人物The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard. 他的爸爸是医生的男孩学习非常刻苦。 The classroom whose window is open is mine. 窗户开着的那个教室是我的教室。 when 状语时间I still remember the day when you leave for Beijing. 我仍然记得你去北京的那一天。 where 状语地点This is the school where my mother works. 这就是我妈妈工作的学校。 why 状语原因 Could you explain the reason why you were late?你 能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? 二、关系代词在定语从句中的用法(关系代词作宾语时可省略): 1.that指人或物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 This is the pen that you are looking for. The girl that has long hair is my sister. 2.which指物,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The bike which is made in Tianjin sells well. The fish which we bought were not fresh. 3.who, whom指人,在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。 The boy who broke the window is called Tom. The person to whom he is talking is my father.正在和他谈话的那个人是我父亲。(宾语) 4.whose指人或物,在定语从句中作定语。 The girl whose bag is new is called Ann.新书包的那个女孩叫Ann。(指人)

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