关于美国南北战争的英语演讲稿

关于美国南北战争的英语演讲稿

篇一：美国内战中英文介绍

1．Civil War

The American Civil War (1861–1865), often referred to simply as The Civil War in the United States, was a civil war fought in the United States of America. In response to the election of Abraham Lincoln as President of the United States, 11 southern slave states declared their secession from the United States and formed the Confederate States of America ("the Confederacy"); the other 25 states supported the federal government ("the Union"). After four years of warfare, mostly within the Southern states, the Confederacy surrendered and slavery was outlawed everywhere in the nation. Issues that led to war were partially resolved in the Reconstruction Era that followed, though others remained uesolved.

In the presidential election of 1860, the Republican Party, led by Abraham Lincoln, had campaigned against expanding slavery beyond the states in which it already existed. The Republicans strongly advocated nationalism, and in their 1860 platform they

denounced threats of disunion as avowals of treason. After a Republican victory, but before the new administration took office on March 4, 1861, seven cotton states declared their secession and joined to form the Confederate States of America. Both the outgoing administration of President James Buchanan and the incoming administration rejected the legality of secession, considering it rebellion. The other eight slave states rejected calls for secession at this point. No country in the world recognized the Confederacy.

Hostilities began on April 12, 1861, when Confederate forces attacked a military installation at Fort Sumter in South Carolina. Lincoln responded by calling for a volunteer army from each state to recapture federal property, which led to declarations of secession by four more slave states. Both sides raised armies as the Union seized control of the border states early in the war and established a naval blockade. Land warfare in the East was inconclusive in 1861–62, as the Confederacy beat back Union efforts to capture its capital, Richmond, Virginia, notably during the Peninsular Campaign. In September 1862, the

Confederate campaign in Maryland ended in defeat at the Battle of Antietam, which dissuaded the British from intervening.[2] Days after that battle, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, which made ending slavery a war goal.[3]

In 1863, Confederate general Robert E. Lee's northward advance ended in defeat at the Battle of Gettysburg. To the west, the Union gained control of the Mississippi River after the Battle of Shiloh and Siege of Vicksburg, splitting the Confederacy in two and destroying much of their western army. Due to his western successes, Ulysses S. Grant was given command of the eastern army in 1864, and organized the armies of William Tecumseh Sherman, Philip Sheridan and others to attack the Confederacy from all directions, increasing the North's advantage in manpower. Grant restructured the union army, and put other generals in command of divisions of the army that were to support his push into Virginia. He fought several battles of attrition against Lee

through the Overland Campaign to seize Richmond, though in the face of fierce resistance he altered his

plans and led the Siege of Petersburg which nearly finished off the rest of Lee's army. Meanwhile, Sherman captured Atlanta and marched to the sea, destroying Confederate infrastructure along the way. When the Confederate attempt to defend Petersburg failed, the Confederate army retreated but was pursued and defeated, which resulted in Lee's surrender to Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865.

The American Civil War was one of the earliest true industrial wars. Railroads, the telegraph, steamships, and mass-produced weapons were employed extensively. The practices of total war, developed by Sherman in Georgia, and of trench warfare around Petersburg foreshadowed World War I in Europe. It remains the deadliest war in American history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 soldiers and an undetermined number of civilian casualties. Historian John Huddleston estimates the death toll at ten percent of all Northern males 20–45 years old, and 30 percent of all Southern white males aged 18–40.[4] Victory for the North meant the end of the Confederacy and of slavery in the United States, and strengthened the role

of the federal government. The social, political, economic and racial issues of the war decisively shaped the reconstruction era that lasted to 1877.

美国南北战争（1861-1865），通常被称为在美国南北战争，是一场内战，战斗在美利坚合众国。在亚伯拉罕·林肯作为美国总统的选举中，来自美国的11个南部蓄奴州宣布他们的分裂，并形成了美国南部邦联（“邦联”），其他25个州的支持联邦政府（““联盟”）。经过4年的战争，大多是在南方各州，联邦投降，并在全国各地奴隶制被取缔。导致战争的问题，部分解决重建中的时代之后，虽然仍然没有得到解决。

在1860年的总统选举中，共和党，亚伯拉罕·林肯的带领下，反对扩大奴隶制以外的国家，它已经存在了竞选。共和党大力提倡民族主义，他们在他们的1860平台斥为叛国avowals的不统一威胁。新政府后，共和党的胜利，但在此之前于1861年3月4日，办公室，七个棉花国家宣布他们的分裂和加入，形成了美国南部邦联。即将卸任的总统詹姆斯·布坎南的管理和下届政府都反对分裂国家的合法性，考虑到它的叛乱。在这一点上，其他8个奴隶州拒绝分裂电话。世界上没有任何国家承认邦联。

敌对行动开始，1861年4月12日，当南方军队袭击了美国南卡罗来纳州萨姆特堡的军事设施。林肯回应，要求

从每个国家的志愿者大军夺回联邦的财产，这导致四个蓄奴州脱离声明。双方提出了军队作为联盟抓住控制边境各州在战争初期，建立了海上封锁。在东方的土地战是不确定的，在1861年至1862年，作为南部邦联打退半岛战役期间捕获的资本，里士满，弗吉尼亚州，特别是联盟的努力。在1862年9月，在马里兰州的同盟运动以失败告终，在Antietam 争斗，英国劝阻干预。[2]天之后战斗，林肯颁布“解放宣言”，结束奴隶制的战争目标。[3]

1863年，同盟将军罗伯特·李北进失败而告终，在葛底斯堡战役。到西部，联盟得到控制后，希洛和维克斯堡围攻战役，在两个分裂联邦和摧毁他们的西方军队的密西西比河。由于他的西方的成功，尤利塞斯格兰特于1864年东部军队的命令，和威廉Tecumseh谢尔曼，菲利普Sheridan和其他组织的军队从四面八方攻击邦联，增加人手北的优势。批准重组的联盟军队，并把其他将军指挥军队的分裂，支持他推到弗吉尼亚。他反对李开复的几个战斗减员，通过陆上运动要抓住里士满，尽管面对激烈的抵抗，他改变了他的计划，导致接近完成关闭其余李的军队围困的圣彼得堡。同时，谢尔曼攻占亚特兰大，并游行到海，摧毁沿途的同盟基础设施。当保卫圣彼得堡同盟企图失败后，同盟军撤退，但被追求和被击败的，这导致在李的投降在Appomattox法院，1865年4月9日授予。

美国南北战争中是最早的真正的工业战争之一。铁路，电报，轮船，和大规模生产的武器被广泛应用。谢尔曼格鲁吉亚的全面战争，和圣彼得堡附近的战壕战的做法在欧洲的世界战埋下了伏笔。它仍然在美国历史上最惨重的战争，造成的死亡62万士兵和平民伤亡人数不详。历史学家约翰·赫德尔斯顿估计所有20-45岁的北方男性为10％，所有18-40岁的南方白人男性和30％的死亡人数。[4]北方的胜利意味着联邦和结束奴隶制美国，并加强了联邦政府的作用。社会，政治，经济和种族战争的问题，果断地塑造了重建的时代，一直持续到1877年。

Today

USA Today" is the only color version in the United States national outside the Daily News, September 15, 1982, "USA Today"

Founded and headquartered in Rosslyn, Virginia, is the nation's largest Gannett newspaper group. The original intention of the newspaper group founded the newspaper, newspapers as much as almost an average of with a newspaper, and the impact of many newspapers throughout the country and even overseas, but unfortunately, the focus of their reports are regional in nature. As the American social, economic

and cultural development, the domestic tourists and civil servants daily travel is increasing, not a local newspaper can meet these people a comprehensive understanding of the news about the entire market, financial, weather, entertainment, sports content and other aspects of demand, people should feel very upset, quite inconvenient. The bosses of the Gannett newspaper group to discover and realize the huge potential readers market, began to organize since the national Daily. "USA Today" come out in less than two years, circulation, jumped to third place in the nation to keep pace with the century-old newspaper "New York Times, Wall Street Journal, the two deep impression on readers.

Newspaper founded by the fourth year, the actual number of readers have leapt to the highest of the nation's daily. "USA Today" has for many years to top the list of up to million copies, is the youngest major newspaper, a newspaper created the miracle of the American newspaper industry. Miracle of creation is not easy, "USA Today" newspaper operation, management, layout design, the news gee to the editorial policy, "contrary to conventional, it

created a number of the first myth, the courage to "first to eat crab."

Color printing and the big picture of the distinctive characteristics of the "USA Today" page, so it also has a "TV in the newspaper" in the title. "USA Today Publication United States color television began to popularize the media

audience to indulge in the front of the TV, and habits with a simple, direct, easy way to obtain information. The founder of USA Today, "to convey information visual image was inspired by TV, creating a precedent to the performance of the news of newspaper photographs and diagrams to a lot of rich information, a formal declaration of the arrival of" Reading Pictures ". Driven by "USA Today", the special features of the picture is increasingly being recognized, According to the Newspaper scholars statistics, image text

newspapers ratio of 3:7 on the front page, even up to 1:1. It is the first on the front page of the use of full-color picture of the newspaper, a newspaper printing pioneer, called a model for color newspaper

in the West. Weather version of the "USA Today" the most colorful layout, is the first. Substantial color weather map with 10 different color-coded throughout the temperature below 10 degrees Fahrenheit to 100 degrees, which also caused a major newspaper imitated. "USA Today," the purpose is to adapt to the fast-paced daily life of Americans. Therefore, the most important principle of news editing: nearly the amount simplify information means, try to cater to the habits of readers access to information via the method of image, the pursuit of

information to use and convenient, so-called "fast food". The style of news reporting, the newspaper report of the United States like and at describing the details in order to fully meet the readers desire to know the contents of the article in the newspaper for fear the ominous plot lest not fine. Short press of the "USA Today" to become increasingly different, unique. "USA Today" never encouraged long articles, short manuscript is one of the most prominent feature of this newspaper. "USA Today" the greatest challenge is his "I hope the news". According to the newspaper's founder

Niu Hasi, "I hope the news" - "accurate and not pessimistic, and detail the bright side, rather than negative reports all the news," the newspaper should report things to promote

understanding and solidarity, was not discriminatory and divisive. "active today, the United States reported a positive, happy news, although contrary to the conventional justice" of the press, but adapted to the majority of the audience's desire for a positive relaxed, bright and happy news and information needs. "USA Today" to do many times the audience survey showed that many people like such a positive report tone that read "USA Today" is a pleasure, so that people have a positive attitude to society as a whole.

Edit this paragraph Publications founder

Alan Niuha Si (Al Neuharth), "today the United States", founder of the Gannett Newspaper Group Chairman of the Board, called "journalism in the the most daring, the shock is his usual style. 1982 he founded color printing, small

illustrations, and national circulation, "USA

Today" newspaper won a mockery of nature called "McDonald's newspaper, or even known contemporary American smartest, most astute financial people Buffett also USA Today "creative as a ridiculous and arrogant balderdash, mercilessly given the

mockery. "USA Today is the most widely talk about references, imitation of the largest circulation newspaper.

《今日美国》是美国唯一的彩色版全国性对开日报，1982年9月15日《今日美国》

创刊，总部设在弗吉尼亚州的罗斯林，属全美最大的甘尼特报团。该报团创办这份报纸的初衷是，虽然美国报纸之多，几乎达到平均人就拥有一份报纸，而且许多报纸的影响遍及全国，乃至海外，但遗憾的是，它们的报道重点都是地区性的。随着美国社会、经济、文化的发展，国内旅游者和每天出差的公务人员日益增多，没有一张地方报纸能满足这些人全面了解有关整个美国的新闻、市场、金融、气象、娱乐、体育等方面内容的需求，人们为此感到十分苦恼，颇为不便。甘尼特报团的老板们及时发现并意识到了这一巨大的潜在的读者市场，便开始筹办起这份全国性的综合日报。《今日美国》问世不足两年的时间里,发行量即跃至全美第三位,与《纽约时报》、《华尔街日报》这两份在读者中深入人心的

百年老报并驾齐驱。报纸创刊第四年,其实际读者人数已经跃居全美日报之冠。《今日美国》已连续多年稳居榜首,高达220万份,是美国大报中最年轻的一份报纸,创造了美国报业的奇迹。然而奇迹的创造并不是轻而易举的,《今日美国》在报纸运作的多个方面,从经营管理、版面设计、新闻体裁到编辑方针,“违背常规”的它,创造了多个首次的神话,是敢于“第一个吃螃蟹的人”。

彩色印刷和大图片是《今日美国》版面上的鲜明特点,因此它也有“报纸中的电视”的称号。《今日美国》创刊的时候也正是美国彩色电视开始普及之时,媒介受众沉迷于电视前,习惯了用简单、直接、轻松的方法来获取信息。《今日美国》的创始人受到电视传达信息直观形象的启发,开创了报纸以大量富含信息的照片和图表来表现新闻的先河,正式宣告了“读图时代”的到来。在《今日美国》的带动下,图片的特殊功能越来越被人们所认识,据美国报业学者统计,美国报纸版面的图片文字之比为3:7,在头版甚至达到1:1。它还是美国最先在头版运用全彩色图片的报纸,是报纸彩印的先行者,堪称西方彩色报纸的典范。天气版则是《今日美国》最为色彩斑斓的版面,更是它的首创。大幅彩色的全国气象地图上用10种不同颜色标出了各地从华氏10度以下到100度的气温,此举同样引起了各大报纸的竞相效仿。《今日美国》的宗旨就是要适应美国人日常生活的快节奏。因此,

其最重要的新闻编辑原则就是:近量简化信息使用手段,尽量迎合读者通过形象的方法获取信息的习惯,追求信息利用便捷,所以谓之“快餐化”。就新闻报道风格而言,美国的报纸新闻喜欢并擅长描述细节,以充分满足读者的知晓欲望,报纸上的文章内容唯恐不祥,情节唯恐不细。《今日美国》的短新闻才越发显得与众不同,独树一帜。《今日美国》从不鼓励长文章,稿件简短是此报的最突出特点之一。《今日美国》对传统的最大挑战莫过于其“希望新闻”。按报纸的创始人纽哈斯的说法,“希望新闻”就是——“精确而不悲观,详细而不消极的报道所有的新闻”,“报纸要报道事物的光明面,宣扬理解和团结,而不是歧视和分

篇二：美国南北战争

教学设计单

问题导读单

结局、战争的性质和作用以及林肯在美国历史上的地位等主要基本史实。教学重点：林肯在南北战争期间的作用；南北战争的意义。教学难点：南北战争的起因。【关键问题】

准确掌握南北战争的背景和过程。【学法提示】

讲解法、图解法、自主学习、合作探究【知识链接】

亚伯拉罕·林肯（1809年2月12日－1865年4月15日），美国政治家、思想家，黑人奴隶制的废除者。第16任

美国总统，其任总统期间，美国爆发内战，史称南北战争，林肯坚决反对国家分裂。他废除了叛乱各州的奴隶制度，颁布了《宅地法》、《解放黑人奴隶宣言》。林肯击败了南方分离势力，维护了美利坚联邦及其领土上不分人种、人人生而平等的权利。内战结束后不久，林肯遇刺身亡，是第一个遭遇刺杀的美国总统，也是首位共和党籍总统，曾位列最伟大总统排名第一位。也是美国最有作为的总统之一（其他3位为乔治·华盛顿、富兰克林·罗斯福、托马斯·杰斐逊）。最新版5美元纸币正面是亚伯拉罕·林肯的照片。

【预习评价】

问题1.美国南北战争的背景、原因、导火线、时间、标志（开始和结束）过程、结果、意义？

问题2、《解放黑人奴隶宣言》的背景、时间、内容、作用？

【合作探究】

1.美国南北战争是一场什么性质的战争？北方胜利的原因？这场战争给我们带来了什么启示？

2.林肯的主要活动有哪些？如何评价林肯？

3.美国内战是一次洗礼，经过这次洗礼，联邦获得新生，从哪些方面可以看出内战是美国的一次洗礼？

4.在美国历上曾发生过两次战争，一次是独立战争，一次是南北战争试比较美国两次战争有哪些异同点？

检测单（满分25分）

一、单项选择：

1、美国南北战争爆发前，全社会关注的焦点是（）

A、原料、市场问题

B、西部的开发 C 、关税税率 D 、黑人奴隶制度的存废 3、下列关于南北战争的表述，不正确的是（）

A 、是美国历史上第二次资产阶级革命 B、时间是1861年——1865年 C、废除了黑人奴隶制度 D、爆发的原因是林肯当选为总统 4、南北战争期间，极大的调动了黑人奴隶革命热情的是（） A、颁布《宅地法》 B、颁布《解放黑人奴隶宣言》 C 、联邦军队攻占里士满D 、取得葛底斯堡战役的胜利

5、在19世纪50年代的美国国会上，围绕黑人奴隶制度的存废问题发生了一场争论，格兰特主张把奴隶制推广到新扩张的西部地区，布朗反对这样做。下面的判断正确的是A、格兰特是北方的代表 B 、布朗是南方的代表 C 、布朗属于民主党D、布朗是北方的代表

6、他出身贫寒，只受过很少的学校教育，成为国家领导人后，国家发生了叛乱，他领导人民战胜了叛军，维护了国家的统一。战争结束不久，遇刺身亡。他深受人民的爱戴和尊敬，在国家的钱币上，还印着他的头像。“他”是（）

A 、华盛顿

B 、克伦威尔

C 、拿破仑

D 、林肯 7、

“在美国历史上和人类历史上，林肯必将与华盛顿齐名。”马克思这样说的理由是（） A 、巩固了北方各州的资产阶级统治 B 、满足了农民要求平均分配土地的愿望 C 、维护了国家的统一，废除了黑人奴隶制度D 、取消了种族歧视和民族压迫二、非选择题：

8、阅读材料，回答问题：材料一：“分裂之家不能持久。我相信我们的政府不能永远忍受一半奴役一半自由的状况。我不期望联邦解散，我不期望房子崩溃，但我却期望它停止分裂。它或者将全部变成一种东西，或者全部变成另一种东西。”——林肯1858年演说

材料二：内战前，林肯说：“没有其他选择，只好动用政府的军事力量，用武力来抵抗推翻政府的武力，用武力来保卫政府。”

材料三：林肯说：“我利用我的职权，正式命令并宣布，作为奴隶的人现在和今后永远获得自由。”

①材料一中林肯所说的“一半奴役一半自由”分别指的是什么？

②材料二中林肯主张用什么方式解决“分裂之家”的？

③材料三出自于什么历史文献？颁布这一文献的目的是什么？

④结合材料和所学知识分析美国内战的必然性。

⑤假如让你来评价林肯，你会怎样评价他？

篇三：第18课美国南北战争

第18课美国南北战争

【课标与教材分析】

课标要求知道《解放黑人奴隶宣言》的主要内容，理解南北战争在美国历史发展中的作用。

教材分析《美国南北战争》一课是继《美国独立战争》之后，是美国发展史上的重大事件，也是世界资本主义发展过程中的一件大事。南北战争是继独立战争之后美国历史上的第二次资产阶级革命。它维护了国家的统一，废除了黑人奴隶制度，进一步扫清了美国资本主义发展的障碍，为美国资本主义经济的发展奠定了基础，在美国历史上具有承上启下的作用。

教学重点林肯在南北战争期间的作用；南北战争的性质和意义。

教学难点美国南北方两种经济制度的矛盾。

【学情分析】

初三大部分学生已有一定的认知水平和历史思维能力，在学习态度、表现能力、表达能力、组织协作方面都有很强的可塑性，有的学生已能通过络查找资料。通过学习，观看电视、电影等，对美国历史有一定的了解，也表现出了浓厚的兴趣，正好能与本课的教学实现互动。

【教学目标】

知识与能力：能说出美国南北战争爆发的原因、经过和结果。能讲述林肯在南北战争中的主要活动，分析《解放黑人奴隶宣言》的主要内容。归纳美国南北战争的历史意义。过程与方法：分析美国内战的起因，学会分析问题和解决问题的方法。阅读史料、观看影片，提高表述历史现象的技能，增强学生对历史知识的兴趣和积极参与的意识。通过组织学生畅所欲言，加强对历史事件的认识，提高学生的历史思维水平。

情感态度价值观：感受到残暴野蛮的统治始终要被推下历史舞台的，民主、平等是不可抗拒的历史潮流；认识到人心向背是战争胜利与否的根本原因；感知林肯的人格魅力，对于为了国家进步、社会发展而献身的人，历史是不会忘记的。

【教学方法与媒体】

本课可制作课件采用多媒体教学的方法与讨论法、讲述法、图示法等相结合。教师鼓励学生积极参与，引导学生讨论对比，分析归纳，初步掌握归纳、分析、比较、判断的学习方法。还可指导学生自主合作探究，模拟情景，在课堂上相互交流。

【教学过程】

课前展示诗歌《哦！船长，我的船长》视频（展示课件一）。

伴着这首深情的诗歌，欢迎同学们步入历史殿堂（展示课件二）。

导入新课：当航程接近终点的时候，

船长无声的倒下；

当举国欢庆胜利的时候，

船长停止了呼吸。

这是一首关于美国总统的诗歌，

诗歌背后却是一场惊心动魄的战争，

是一个重要的历史转折点，

是对一个伟大人物的怀念。（展示课件三）

这位伟大的船长就是美国第16任总统亚伯拉罕·林肯，这场惊心动魄的战争就是美国南北战争。今天，就让我们共同来学习第18课美国南北战争（展示课件四）

讲授新课：要寻找关于南北战争的记忆，就请大家跟我一起走近林肯，走近这位不屈的英雄，让我们跟随林肯的足迹去探究一番吧。（展示课件五）

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一、家族西迁，南下谋生

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