2019高考英语阅读理解(四选一)专题分类特训---阅读3(一)

1、 Do you listen to the songs that your parents like? Chance are that you don’t. You probably think the music that they like is old and dull and that the Songs on your playlist are much cooler.

But here is what scientists found recently: people’s mu sic tastes change as they age, according to a study published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. So it’s likely that your own musical preference will follow a similar path to your parents’ whether you like it or not.

We used to think that culture and personality are the only factors that affect one’s music choice. But researchers at the University of Cambridge, UK, gathered data from more than 250,000 people over the past 10 years. They noticed that as people age, their social circumstances change, and so does their music taste. There are three musical periods that people pass through as they

“mature-intense”,“contemporary” and “sophisticated”. The first period comes in the teenagers years, during which people like intense music such as punk rock because teenagers tend to be aggressive and want to establish their identity as independent individuals. But as people move into early adulthood, their lifestyle changes—they socialize more and want to build close relationships with others. As a result, they become more fond of contemporary music, such as pop and R&B, which is usually uplifting and danceable and played at parties.

When middle age comes, things have settled down for most people. This period will be dominated by more “sophisticated” music, such as jazz and classical music, as well as more catchy music like country, folk, and blues. “For many, this life stage is frequently exhausted by work and family, and there is a requirement for relaxing, emotive music,” Jason Rentfrow, a r esearcher, told The telegraph.

But you must be thinking: “Aren’t there old people who are still into rock music?” Of course there are. But Rentfrow explained that their reasons for listening to rock music may have changed. “We use music for different reasons,” he said, "and thus at that age people may listen to remind themselves of their youths."

1.What can influence peopled musical tastes in the past according to the passage?

A.Social circumstances.

B.Culture and personality.

C.Age.

D.All of the above.

2.Why do the teenagers like intense music?

A.Because they lead a stressful life.

B.Because they want to build up their identity.

C.Because they have an aggressive goal.

D.Because they want to be understood by others.

3.What can we infer from the last paragraph?

A.Old people don't like rock music.

B.Music can serve as a reminder.

C.Rock music makes old people younger.

D.Listening to rock music needs reasons.

4.What's the best title of the passage?

A.Why do people like music?

B.How can you improve your musical talent?

C.Why do different people like different music?

D.What influences peopled musical tastes?

2、Most people agree that honesty is a good thing. But does Mother Nature agree? Animals can't talk, but can they lie in other ways? Can they lie with their bodies and behavior? Animal experts may not call it lying, but they do agree that many animals, from birds to chimpanzees, behave dishonestly to fool other animals. Why? Dishonesty often helps them survive.

Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals. For example, a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young. When a predator(猎食动物)gets close to its nest, the plover leads the predator away from the nest. How? It pretends to have a broken wing. The predator follows the "hurt" adult, leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.

Another kind of bird, the scrub jay, buries its food so it always has

something to eat. Scrub jays are also thieves. They watch where others bury their food and steal it. But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them. So they go back later, unbury the food, and bury it again somewhere else.

Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work. How? They don't make nests(鸟巢). Instead, they get into other birds' nests secretly. Then they lay their eggs and fly away. When the baby birds come out, their adoptive(收养的) parents feed them.

Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky. After a fight, the losing chimp will give its hand to the other. When the winning chimp puts out its hand, too, the chimps are friendly again. But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner's hand and start fighting again.

Chimps are sneaky in other ways, too. When chimps find food that they love, such as bananas, it is natural for them to cry out. Then other chimps come running. But some clever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food. That way, other chimps don't hear them, and they don't need to share their food.

As children, many of us learn the saying "You can't fool Mother Nature." But maybe you can't trust her, either.

1.A plover protects its young from a predator by______.

A.getting closer to its young

B.driving away the adult predator

C.leaving its young in another nest

D.pretending to be injured

2.By "Chimpanzees, or chimps, can also be sneaky" (paragraph 5), the author means______.

A.chimps are ready to attack others

B.chimps are sometimes dishonest

C.chimps are jealous of the winners

D.chimps can be selfish too

3.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Cuckoos fool their adoptive parents by making no nests.

B.The losing chimp won the fight by taking the winner's hand.

C.Some chimps lower their cry to keep food away from others.

D.Some clever scrub jays often steal their food back.

4.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A.Do animals lie?

B.Does Mother Nature fool animals?

C.How do animals learn to lie?

D.How does honesty help animals survive?

3、Discover Nature Schools programs

Becoming Bears (Kindergarten-2 grade)

By becoming baby bears, children learn from their “parent” to survive the seasons. Kids will find safety in the spring and learn kinds of food bears eat during the summer, and then create a cave for winter hibernation(冬眠). After learning the skills needed to survive, students will go out of the cave as an independent black bear able to care for themselves. (1.5-2 hours)

Whose Clues? (3-5 grade)

Kids will discover how plants and animals use their special structures to survive. Through outdoor study of plants and animals, kids will recognize their special structures and learn how they enable species to eat, avoid their enemies and survive. Using what they have learned, kids will choose one species and tell how they survive in their living places. (3-4 hours)

Winged Wonders (3-5 grade)

Birds add color and sound to our world and play an important ecological (生态的) role. Students will learn the basics of birds, understand the role birds play in food chains and go bird watching using field guides and telescopes. Students will do hands-on activities. Students will use tools to build bird feeders, allowing them to attract birds at home.(3-4 hours)

Exploring Your Watershed (6-8 grade)

We all depend on clean water. Examining how our actions shape the waterways around us. Go on a hike to see first-hand some of the challenging water quality problems in a city. Students will test the water quality to determine the health of an ecosystem.

● Each program is taught for a class with at least 10 students.

● All programs include plenty of time outdoors. So please prepare proper clothing,

sunscreen and insect killers for children.

● To take part in a pr ogram , please email dcprograms@https://www.wendangku.net/doc/5311789701.html,.

1. What can kids do at Becoming Bears?

A. Watch bears’ performances.

B. Take care of bears

C. Dress up as baby bears to learn about bears.

D. Learn how to survive a bear attack.

2. Kids who are interested in plants will choose _______________.

A. Winged Wonders

B. Exploring your Watershed

C. Becoming Bears

D. Whose Clues?

3. According to the passage, all the four programs _______________.

A. have the same teaching hours

B. have outdoor activities

C. are offered during summer holidays

D. are designed for primary school students

4、 Scientists have found living organisms trapped in crystals (晶体) that could be 50,000 years old.

The organisms were found in a hot, but beautiful cave system in Naica, Mexico. These ancient life forms can be seen only with a microscope. Penelope Boston, who leads the Astrobiology Institute at NASA, the space agency of the United States, says the ancient microbes were able to live by eating minerals such as iron.

She spoke about the discovery recently at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. If the findings are confirmed, they will show how microbes can survive in extreme conditions. Forty different kinds of microbes and some viruses were found in the underground area. The genetic structures of these organisms are 10 percent different from those of their nearest relatives.

The caves in Naica are 800 kilometers deep. They were once used for mining lead. Before the miners began working in the caves, the area was separated from the surface and the outside world. Some of the caves are as big as the large religious centers built during Europe’s Middle Ages. There are crystals covering the walls. The caves are so hot that scientists must wear special clothing to keep cool. The

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