英语必修3_unit4_词汇导学案

Unit 4 Astronomy：The science of the stars

1.as conj.随着，当……的时候

●用法拓展

(1)prep. 译为：________(2)adv. 译为：______ (3)conj.引导时间状语从句, 译为：__________ (4)conj.引导原因状语从句，译为：__________ (5)conj.引导让步状语从句，译为：_________

(6)conj.引导方式状语从句，译为：__________ (7)关系代词，引导_______从句

①As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.

②We had better treat it as a joke.

③She is as tall as her mother.

④As I am going to repair my bike, I need a hammer.

⑤Intelligent as you are, I suspect you will fail.

⑥Cyprus, as you know, is an island in the Mediterranean

●特别提醒表示“随着……”时，也可以用with短语(with复合结构)。

①As the wealth of the country increases, more waste will be produced.

②With the wealth of the country increasing, more waste will be produced.

单项填空

①The Beatles, ________ many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.

A．what B．that C．how D．as

②China is to have more giant pandas, ___ 13 female pandas are expecting babies this year.

A．so B．if C．though D．as

③____children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them.

A．While B．When C．As D．With

④I couldn't do my homework with all that noise ________.

A．going on B．goes on C．went on D．to go on

2. method

n. 方法

He has introduced a new method of teaching.他引进了一种新的教学方法。

What is the most effective method of birth control?控制出生率的最有效的方法是什么？联想拓展

with this method= by this means=in this way

用这种方法

易混辨析

method/means

method侧重“理论方法”，指做某事的具体步骤或程序。

a new teaching method一种新的教学方法

means（单复数同形）侧重“通过手段”或“利用工具”去达到某种目的。

高手过招

选词填空(method/means)（原创）

①The quickest of travel is by plane.

②She has a very scientific of dealing with political problems.

答案：①means②method

3. harmful

adj. 有害的

常用结构:

do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 对某人有害

be harmful to

Smoking is harmful to your health.

高手过招

单项填空

He is a nice dog. He won’t do you any .（原创）

A.ill

B. bite

C. hurt

D. harm

解析:选D。考查固定搭配。do sb. harm/do harm to sb. 表示

“对某人有害”。句意为：这是一条温顺的狗，它不会伤害你。

故选D。

4. mass

n. 质量；团；块；大量；(前加the) 群众

A liter of gas has less mass than a liter of water.1公升气体的质量少于1公升水的质量。She has a mass of things to do.她有一大堆的事情要做。

The masses have boundless creative power.人民群众有无限的创造力。

常用结构:

masses of sth.大量的东西

5. pull

v. 拉，拖，拔；移动

n.拉，拖；牵(引)力

You push and I ll pull. 你来推，我来拉。

I felt a pull at my sleeve and turned round.我觉得有人扯我的袖子，便转过身来。

常用结构:

pull (sb.) back（使某人）退却；撤回（某人）

pull off (sth.)（指机动车辆）驶离（道路至路侧停车处停下）

pull out (sth.) 拉掉；使分离；掏出；驶离（车站）

pull on 穿，戴上（袜子、手套等）

pull together 同心协力；通力合作

高手过招

用pull相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）

①I arrived as the last train was .

②He a gun and aimed at the criminal.

③So long as we , there’s no mountain top we can’t conquer.

答案：①pulling out②pulled out③pull together

6. cheer

vt. & vi. (使)高兴、振奋；(对)欢呼

The crowd cheered loudly as the Queen appeared.女王出现时群众高声欢呼。

He was greatly cheered by the news.他听到这个消息非常高兴。

常用结构:

cheer sb. on为某人加油

cheer (sb.) up（使某人）更高兴；（使）振奋起来

联想拓展

cheerful adj.高兴的

cheerless adj.不高兴的；阴冷的

高手过招

用cheer相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）

①Your visit has greatly him up.

②The crowd the runners as they started the last lap.

③You look as though you need up.

答案：①cheered②cheered; on③cheering

7. puzzle

vt.&vi.（使）迷惑；（使）苦思

n.迷；难题

puzzled adj. 无法了解的；困惑的

puzzling adj. 令人费解的

Her reply puzzled me.她的回答把我弄糊涂了。

Their reason for doing it is still a puzzle to me.他们为什么要那样做此事我仍感到莫名其妙。

常用结构：

sb. be puzzled by sth.某人对……感到迷惑

puzzle about/over sth.对某事感到迷惑

solve a puzzle解决一个难题

高手过招

用puzzle的适当形式填空

①To explain the findings, he offers two theories.

②I that I haven’t heard from Liz for so long.

③She listened with a expression on her face.

④No one has yet succeeded in explaining the of how life began.

答案：①puzzling②am puzzled③puzzled④puzzle

8. exist

vi. 存在，生存

existence n. 存在

Does life exist on Mars?

I can hardly exist on the wage I’m getting.我靠自己挣的工资简直难以糊口。

常用结构：

exist+prep. 存在于某地方

exist on sth. 靠某物生存

高手过招

用exist相关短语的适当形式填空

①This plant only Australia.

②Can you such a low salary?

③I doubt the of alien.

答案：①exists; in②exist on③existence

重点短语

9. in time意为“及时”时相当于early enough, soon enough;意为“终于，早晚”时相当于sooner or later。We got to the station just in time to catch the bus.

=We got to the station just in time for the bus.

The doctor came in time to save her life.

You ll succeed in time if you keep on working hard.

联想拓展

be in time for sth./be in time to do sth.

对于某事是及时的/及时做某事

ahead of time提前；提早

all the time一直；始终

at one time曾经；一度

at a time一次

at times 有时

at the same time同时；然而；可是

from time to time不时；偶尔

in no time立刻；马上

take one s time不急，慢慢来

高手过招

单项填空

—I was disappointed in time when I didn’t pass the examinations.

—Don’t be so discouraged. You’ll be successful in

time. (2009·12·河南平顶山检测)

A./; /

B. a; a

C./; a

D. a; /

解析:选D。句意为：——我没通过考试那段时间我很失望。——别灰心。你迟早会成功的。第一个空考查的是when 引导的定语从句，表示在某段时间里，故应用in a time。而第二个空表示“迟早”，故用in time。

10. prevent ...from

阻止；制止

The heavy rain prevented us from going there.

易混辨析

prevent/stop/keep/protect

prevent, stop, keep与protect四者的常见结构为：

prevent ...(from) doing sth.；stop ...(from) doing sth.；keep ...from doing sth.; 均表示“阻止……做某事”。

上述三个结构中，在主动语态中stop 与prevent后可省去from，但在被动语态中不可省略; 而keep ...from ...中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。另外，

protect ...from ...表示“保护……不受……侵袭；阻挡；防御”。from后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。This plan will be kept from being carried out.

这个计划将被阻止实施。

高手过招

单项填空

Some policemen should be sent to them the trees.

（原创）A. prevent; to cut down B. stop; cutting down

C. keep; to cut down

D. keep; cutting down

解析:选B。句意为：应该派一些警察去阻止他们砍伐树木。keep/prevent/stop ... from doing sth.阻止……做某事,其中keep ...from doing sth. 中的from不可省略。故选B。

11. break out

突发；爆发（无被动语态）

Trouble may break out at any moment.

灾难在任何时候都可能突然发生。

When did the war break out? 战争什么时候爆发的？

It was at midnight that a fire broke out.

在午夜时分发生了一起大火。

联想拓展

break away from 脱离（政党等）；打破（陈规等）

break down 出故障；（计划等）失败；（身体、精神等）垮掉

break in 破门而入，闯入；打断（话语）等

break into 破门而入；突然……起来

break off 折断；突然中止；断绝；结束

break through 突破

break up 敲碎；放假；散会

高手过招

用break相关短语的适当形式填空（原创）

①A terrible tsunami in the southeastern countries of Asia at Christmas, 2004.

②When do you for Christmas?

③Negotiations between the two sides have .

④His house was last week.

答案：①broke out②break up③broken down④broken into

13. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled

into a solid globe.

随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到38~45 亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成一个固体的球状物。

What it was to become ...是what 引导的主语从句，what 在从句中作become 的宾语。

What surprised everybody was that he didn’t come to the meeting.

使大家惊奇的是他竟没有参加会议。

What he did added to our difficulty.

他所做的增加了我们的困难。

“be+动词不定式”在本句中表示按照计划、安排将要发生的动作。

When are they to hand in their plan?

他们的计划什么时候交上来？

You are to do your homework before you watch TV.

你得做完了作业才能看电视。

高手过招

单项填空

In dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they . （原创）

A. have survived

B. are to survive

C. would survive

D. will survive

解析:选B。考查真实条件句。are to survive在此处并不表示将来，而表示“期望”。

14. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over.

而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。

twice as ...as ... 是……的两倍

联想拓展

英语中的倍数表达法：

倍数+as +adj./adv.+as 是……的几倍

倍数+adj./adv.的比较级+ than 比……(多/大)几倍

倍数+ the +表示长度/高度/宽度等的名词+ of是……长度/高度/宽度的几倍，此结构中常用的名词有：size, height, weight, length, width, depth等。

This ruler is three times as long as that one.

=This ruler is twice longer than that one.

=This ruler is three times the length of that one.

这把尺子是那把的三倍长。

There are four times as many students as we expected.

到的学生是我们预计的五倍。

高手过招

(1)翻译句子（原创）

这个房子是那个的三倍大。

(2)完成句子

到的客人是我们预计的两倍。

There are we expected .

答案：(1)This house is three times as big as that one./This house is twice bigger than that one./This house is three times the size of that one.

(2)twice as many guests as

11. remain

①link-v.保持,仍是,还是～adj./n./p.p: a mystery /active/seated/sitting/standing/unknown/unchanged

②vi.停留,逗留. ～/stay in Beijing/ at home

③vi. 剩下,遗留(be left) It(only) remains for sb. to do sth. 某人最后还要做… (remain 不用被动/进行时/过去分词)

④remains. n. 剩余物，剩饭菜，遗迹/remainder. n. 剩余的人或物/remaining. adj. 剩下的, left adj. 剩下的(做后置定语)

①Ladies and gentlemen, please remain____(seat)until the plane has come to a complete stop.

②It remains____(see)whether Jim'll be fit enough to play in the finals.

③The boy ate up the _____food / the food _____.

④It was already past midnight and only three young men____in the tea house.

7．now that既然

●用法拓展

①in that(书面语)“在…方面，因为”，不用于句首She was fortunate in that she had friends to help her./The twins are similar in that they are both tall and strong.

②其他引导原因状语从句的连词because“因为”；since“既然”(可与now that互换)；as“由于”；for“因为”(并列连词，引导一个分句，不能置于句首)。

③表示原因的其他短语：

___ ____起因于；归功于on account of为了……的缘故

____ ____因为；由于___ ___ ___ ____由于

____ _____由于；多亏___ ____因为

●特别提醒

1.now that是连词词组，引导原因状语从句，口语中that可以省略，只用now连接从句。

2.due to表原因时，一般不能放在句首。

④表原因的连词还有：seeing(that)鉴于/given(that)鉴于，考虑到/considering(that) 考虑到

eg: Seeing (that) he is ill, he is unlikely to come.

Given/Considering their inexperience/that they are inexperienced; they’ve done a good job.

单项填空

①________I've heard the music，I understand why you like it.

A．Unless B．Even though C．Now that D．In case

②________everyone is here，let's begin our meeting!

A．Now that B．That C．As if D．If

8. depend on vi. 相信,信赖;依靠,依赖(尤指钱); 视……而定

You can depend on John — he is always on time.

相关短语：believe sb. 相信某人（所说的话）believe in sb. 信任/信赖某人trust (in) sb. 相信/信任/信赖某人count on sb. rely on

单项填空Tell him what you want to say; he’s a man to__.

A.count

B.believe

C. trust

D. depend

练习：

1.T om’s father is so ______ that Tom is afraid to tell him he has failed.

A. violent

B. quiet

C. happy

D. pleasant

2.The person said, “We must get rid of the bomb in the street, or when it ______ many people will be

hurt.”

A. explodes

B. exploded

C. will explode

D. explodes

3.As is already proved，smoking ________the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.

A．takes B．develops C．multiplies D．improve

4.All the passengers were ________on with their travel plans just because of the storm.

A．protected from going B．prevented going

C．prevented to go D．prevented from going

5.________Tom has no interest in piano，there is no point pushing him to learn it.

A．Now that B．In case C．Even if D．As if

6.Their mother ________dinner at the kitchen when a quarrel ________among the children.

A．was preparing；was broken out B．prepared；was broken out

C．was preparing；broke out D．prepared；broke out

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/551925342.html,pletely lost in the exciting ________of the football match，Tom didn’t feel his pocket picked.

A．scene B．view C．atmosphere D．sight

8.Much new and high technology has been introduced from abroad，thus________ in great increase in

production of the firm.

A．resulting B．resulted C．to result D．which results

9.Among the students ________ a certain doubt about their future career.

A．it existed B．there existed C．there had D．it had

10.— Darling，I didn’t get promoted.

— ________ ！There will be loads of other opportunities.

A．Well done B．What a pity C．Cheer up D．All right

11.Bob got seriously injured in the traffic accident，but fortunately，the doctor came ________to save his

life.

A．in time B．on time C．at last D．for sure

12.He hurried home，only to find his house ________.

A．break out B．broken into C．break into D．broken in

13.Air fares have dropped again as a ________ of the plane crash.

A．consequences B．cause C．result D．effect

14. Mr. Green is an honest man, so you can fully _____ him. Which of the following is wrong?

A. believe in

B. trust in

C. depend on

D. deal with

15. In some stores, people can’t prevent themselves ________ into buying some food they don’t need at

all.

A．from being persuaded B．from persuading

C．to persuade D．to be persuaded

16．This problem is ________ discussion.

A．at B．in C．under D．with

17．It has been a long established ________ that Spring Festival is a time for family reunion in China.

A．tradition B．system C．history D．wish

18．I’m sorry，but I can’t ________ your name.

A．think about B．think over C．think of D．think aloud

19.________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.

A．For B．Now that C．By now D．Until

20．I was still sleeping when the fire ________，and then it spread quickly.

A．broke out B．put out C．came out D．got out

21.You did ________ to tell a stranger the secret. He might be a spy.

A．good B．harm C．wrong D．well

22．They can’t get along with each other, because they have nothing ________.

A．in all B．after all C．in common D．at all

23. The poem is hard to understand. Can you make________of this poem?

A．idea B．knowledge C．sense D．understanding

A A C D A C C A

B

C A B C

D A C A C B A C C C

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