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ving语法

v-ing的用法

一、概念

1、v-ing形式的种类功用和各种形式：V-ing 包括动名词和现在分词两种，分别可作：主语、宾语、表语; （动名词）

定语、状语、宾/主语补足语 (现在分词)

注意：其否定形式是在其前边加：not/never.

其各种形式如下表：

Being laughed at in public is a terrible thing.在公共场合下被嘲笑是件可怕的事。

Being exposed to the sun does harm to health.暴漏在阳光下对身体有害。

The president's being killed led to serious consequences.总统被杀导致了严重后果。

2、作宾语

V-ing形式的被动式既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语。

He was afraid of _________________ (abandon) by us.He did it without ______ _____ (ask)

You can't eat anything before _____________(operate on)I remember having be en told the story.

3、作表语

What worried the child most was his not being allowed to visit his mother i n the hospital.

使孩子最为担心的是他不被允许到医院看母亲。

What I hate most is ________________ (laugh at)

The problem is for from _______________ (settle)

注意：①动名词的被动式作主语和表语时，常用其一般式（being done)，不习惯用完成式；但作宾语时，若其动作发生谓语动词之前或强调动作已经发生，可用其完成式（hav ing been done)。如：

I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.

我很感激能被给与到国外留学的机会。

1)动名词的被动式在句中作主、宾、表时，其特点是只表被动，不表进行。

2)动名词的被动式作主、宾、表时，有时可采用其复合结构形式，即：名词所有格/形容性物主代词+ being done。如：

Tom's being admitted to college is a big surprise for us.汤姆被大学入取让我们很是惊讶。

The discovery of new evidence led to his being caught.新证据的发现导致他被捕。

（二）现在分词的被动式

现在分词的被动式常句中作宾补和定语，一般不作状语（除个别情形例外）；在句中既表被动又表进行

1、作宾补

现在分词的被动式（being done）作宾补时，表示正在进行的被动的动作，常与感官动词连用。

I saw James being held up in the water by old Tom.

You'll find the topic _______________ (discuss) everywhere now.

As we approached the village we saw new houses _____________ (build)

注意：与过去分词作宾补的区别：过去分词作宾补表示动作已完成.

2、作定语

现在分词的被动式（being done）作定语时时，表示正在进行的被动的动作。

The meeting ______________ (discuss) now is very important.

He asked who was the girl _____________ (operate）on in the operating room.

注意：1）现在分词的被动式作后置定语时，表示正在进行的被动的动作；过去分词作后置定语表示已经发生的被动的动作；不定式的被动式作后置定语表示未发生或即将发生的

被动的动作。如：

a meeting being held now 正在被举行的会议

a meeting heldyesterday 昨天举行的会议

a meeting to be held tomorrow 明天将举行的会议

2）现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 不能做定语和宾补。

The building having been built last year (×)The building built last year (√)

We found him having been killed. (×)We found him killed (√)

考点/易错点2

现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语

当分词与句子的主语构成被动关系，且此分词动作（明确地）发生在句子的谓语动词之前或持续发生一段时间（或持续发生多次）时可用现在分词的被动完成式(having been do ne) 作状语。

Having been shown around the classroom， we were taken to visit the lab.

被领着参观了教室后，我们又被带着参观了实验室。

Having been told the news， they put off the trip.

被告知此消息后，他们取消了这次旅。

Having been separated for many years by the war， they couldn't recognize e ach other.

因战争而分离多年后，他们都认不出对方了。

Having been told many times， the boy still didn't know how to do it.

尽管被告知多次了，那个小男孩他仍然不知如何去做。

注意：1)若分词有自己独立的主语可构成独立主格结构。

The work having been done，they left the office.

All the exam papers having been handed in， the teacher sent the students h ome.

2)在这种独立主格结构中，用现在分词的被动完成式形式与用过去分词形式差别不大。而为了简洁，习惯采用过去分词形式，如上面两句常表达成：

The work done，they left the office.

All the exam papers handed in， the teacher sent the students home.

注意：过去分词作状语与现在分词的被动完成式的区别：

二者作状语时，都表示与句子的主语构成被动关系，区别不大，可以互换。但是在这种情况下，为了简洁，还是习惯采用过去分词形式作状语。

Asked(=Having been asked) to work overtime，I missed a wonderful film.

由于昨晚被要求加班，我错过了一场精彩的电影。

Polluted (=Having been polluted) seriously， the water in the river was not safe to drink.

但是如果强调分词动作发生在句子的谓语动词之前或强调分词动作持续发生多次发（或持续一段时间）还是习惯采用现在分词的被动完成式(having been done) 作状语，但终归区别还是不大。

Having been told many times， he still repeated the same mistakes.

尽管被告诉了多次，他还是犯同样的错误。

考点/易错点3

动名词的主动形式表被动意义

1、在want，need，require，deserve等动词之后作宾语时，常用动名词的主动式表示被动意义。

2、在（be）worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。

His suggestion is worth considering.

3、在allow，advise，forbid，permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语，如果后面有名词或代词作宾语，其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如：

We don't allow smoking here. 我们不允许在这儿抽烟

We don't allow students to smoke here.我们不允许学生抽烟

三、综合练习

（一）适当形式填空

1．_______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.（expos e）

2．The bird ___ escaped. I didn't mind at home.（catch；leave）

3．_________ the whole story， Jane decided not to see the film.（tell）

4．________ that it was going to snow， the climbers decided to put off the ir attempt on the highest mountain.（tell）

5．The squirrel was lucky that it just missed ________.（catch）

6．________ many times， he finally understood it. （tell）

7.Your car needs ____________(fill). 你这车要充气

This city deserves _____________(visit). 这座城市值得光顾一下。

The problem requires ___________ (study)carefully.这个问题需要认真研究。

The trees want ___________ (water).这些树需要浇水了。

7. ____________ (ask) to put on performance， she refused.

8. He disliked _________________ (interrupt) in his experiment .

9. _________________ (give) such a good chance， you should catch it .

10. I didn't mind __________ (leave)at home.

11. He came in without ___________ (ask).

12. __________________ (show) around the library， we were taken to see the lab.

（二）将下列句子翻译成英语。

1. 他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。

2. 这问题远远没有解决。

3. 没有谁请他做，是他自己做的。

4. 在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。

5. 既然已做出了决定，下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划。

参考答案：

（一）用适当的形式填空

1.being exposed

2.being caught；being left

3.Having been told

4.Having been told

5.being caught

6.Having been told

7.filling visiting studying watering

8.Being asked

9.being interrupted

10.Having been given

11.being left

12.being asked

13.Having been shown

（二）翻译句子

1. He could not bear being made fun of like that.

2. This question is far from being settled.

3. He did it without being asked.

4. You can't eat anything before being operated on.

5. The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan

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ving用法及练习题

v-ing 的用法 1. -ing分词的构成 -ing分词是由动词原形加词尾-ing构成。-ing分词同样有时态和语态的变化，通常有下表几种形式（以do为例）：一般式完成式主动形式doing having done 被动形式being done having been done -ing分词的否定形式是由not 加-ing分词构成。如： Not knowing his address, I could do nothing but stay at home and wait. 不知道他的地址，我只好在家里等着。 His not coming made all of us angry. 他没来使我们大家都很生气。 2. -ing分词的一般式和完成式： -ing分词的一般式表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时进行的动作；完成式表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。如： Being a student, he was interested in books. 作为一个学生，他对书本很感兴趣。 Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations. 因为没有努力学习功课，他考试不及格。 3. -ing分词的被动式： -ing分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间，-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如： The question being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。 He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter. 他从来没谈起过他被记者采访的事情。 Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.被老师批评以后，他把烟戒了。注意：在need, want, require, be worth等动词(短语)后，作宾语的-ing分词常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如：Your shoes need cleaning. = Your shoes need to be cleaned. 你的鞋需要清洗一下了。 This book is well worth reading. 这本书很值得一看。 4. -ing分词的语法作用 -ing分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个名词或形容词、副词，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等。 1)–ing分词（短语）作主语： Laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job. 产卵是蚁后的专职工作。 Saying is easier than doing. 说比做容易。在下面两种结构中，-ing分词也作主语。 ①为了保持句子平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真实主语放在句末。如： It is no use crying over spilt milk. 作无益的后悔是没有用的。 It's a waste of time arguing about it. 辩论这事是浪费时间。 ②在There is no结构中，通常用-ing分词。如： There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。 There is no holding back the wheel of history. 历史车轮不可阻挡。

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v-ing 形式作状语 v-ing 形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when, while , after, if, unless, although , though 等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。 1.作时间状语 Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息,她感到害怕。 Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football. Turning around , he saw a tiger running up. 2.作结果状语 The boy ran even faster, reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. Her husband died, leaving her four children. They fired, killing many people in the street. 3.作伴随状语 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window. He came running. She stood waiting for a bus. He sat there reading a book. The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 4.作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。 Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note. Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn 't get in touch with him. 5.作让步状语 Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年,我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作还是阅读,她总是竭尽全力。 Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 尽管他自己不算富裕, 他却是慷慨的帮助穷人。 6.作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapour. 把水加热,我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作,每天做三双鞋。 Using your head, you 'll find a good way. Working hard, you 'll surely succeed. 7. 作目的状语 He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚,想通过考试。注意：、V-ing 的时态和语态。

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