ving做状语

动词的-ing形式作状语

【观察】观察下列句子中动词的-ing形式作状语的用法，然后加以总结。

1. Arriving at the classroom, the children began to do cleaning.

2. She doesn’t feel like eating anything, being ill for a few days.

3. Working hard, you will succeed sooner or later.

4. Weighing almost one hundred kilos, the stone was moved by him alone.

5. The song is sung all over the country, making it very popular.

6. Travelling by car, we visited many exciting and beautiful places.

7. While/When reading the book, he nodded from time to time.

8. Make sure to read all choices before deciding on the best answer.

9. After finishing reading the letter, he went on to write a reply.

10. On/Upon hearing their teacher’s voice, the pupils stopped talking at once.

11. The car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.

12. Though/Although raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

13. I have accepted this, not wanting to disappoint them.

14. Generally speaking, people like to hear compliments from others.

【总结】

Ⅰ. 动词的-ing形式作状语的用法

动词的-ing形式作状语，通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，用来对谓语动词表示的动作加以修饰或作为陪衬。它可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、方式或伴随动作，相当于相应的状语从句。

◆作时间状语，多置于句首，也可置于句末。（如例句1）

◆作原因状语，多置于句首或句末，也可置于句中。（如例句2）

◆作条件状语，多置于句首。（如例句3）

◆作让步状语，多置于句首。（如例句4）

◆作结果状语，多置于句末。（如例句5）

◆作方式或伴随状语，多置于句末，也可置于句首。（如例句6）

【区别】动词的-ing形式和动词不定式作结果状语：

动词的-ing形式表示“正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的”结果。通常位于句末，其前有逗号隔开。有时为了强调，可在现在分词前加副词thus, therefore 等。

动词不定式表示意料之外的结果。尤其是和only连用。如：

She ran to the station, only to find that the train had left.

【特别提醒】为强调-ing形式所表达的意义，在-ing形式短语前可用连词、介词或副词。

◆“when/while+-ing形式”强调-ing形式与谓语动词的动作同时发生。（如例句7）◆“befor e + -ing形式”强调-ing形式在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生。（如例句8）

◆“after+动词的-ing形式”强调-ing形式在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。（如例句9）

◆“on/upon + -ing形式”表示“一（刚）……就……”。（如例句10）

◆“thus + -ing形式”表示结果。（如例句11）

◆“though /although+ -ing形式”表示让步。（如例句12）

Ⅱ. 动词的-ing形式的否定形式动词的-ing形式的否定形式为“not+-ing形

式”。（如例句13）【难点点拨】动词的-ing形式作状语应该注意的问题：

◆现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致，且为主动关系。

◆独立成分作状语。常见的有：generally speaking一般地说；strictly speaking 严格地说；frankly speaking 坦率地说；exactly speaking 确切地说；judging from/by 由……判断出。（如例句14）

语法巩固练习句型转换。(每空一词)

1. I stood by the door, and did not dare to say a word.

→I stood by the door, ____ ______to say a word.

2. I could not but laugh as soon as I saw such a funny sight.

→I could not but laugh _____ ______such a funny sight.

3. While he was working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

→ in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

→ in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

4. Because I didn’t know his telephone number, I couldn’t ring him.

→ his telephone number, I couldn’t ring him.

5. Look on the bright side of things, and you will live happily.

→ on the bright side of things, you will live happily.

→ on the bright side of things, you will live happily.

6. Before you leave the classroom, please turn off the lights.

→ the classroom, please turn off the lig hts.

7. He worked day and night, and as a result it made himself near-sighted.

→He worked day and night, himself near-sighted.

→He worked day and night, himself near-sighted.

8. The three young girls stood under the tree, and they laughed and talked merrily.

→The three you ng girls stood under the tree, and merrily.

Keys: 1. not daring 2. on/upon seeing 3. Working; While working 4. Not knowing

5. If you look; Looking

6. Before leaving

7. making; thus making

8. laughing; talking

过去分词作状语练习答案

1. __ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Los ing B. Havi ng lost C. Lost D. To lose be lost in ........................................ 2. If __ the same treatment again, he ? s sure to get well. A. Givi ng B. Give C. Give n D. being give n 3. ____ in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. A. Being foun ded B. It was foun ded C. Foun ded D. Founding It was founded in 1636, Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States. 4. ___ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest oceadoesn? t seem big at all. A. Compare B. Whe n compari ng C. Compari ng D.Whe n compared II. ................................................................ A-D ........................................................ impress; pour; speak(impress -.????]? ? ? 1. Once spoken, a word becomes a promise. 2. Once poured, water cannot be take n back aga in. 3. Impressed by the beautiful sce nery, I forgot to go back home in time. A. ............................ B. ........................... C. .............................................................. III. ..................................................................................... 1. Seen (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful to us. 2. Given (give) time, he ? 41 make a first class tennis player. 3. Looking (look) out of the window, I found many children playing on the playground. IV. ....................................... 1. Used for a long time, the book looks old( use) 2. Using the book, I find it useful. (use) 3. Following (follow) the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 4. Followed (follow) by the old man, we went upstairs. (follow) 5. Seen from the top, the stadium looks like a bird nest. (see ?

ving作状语

v-ing 形式作状语 v-ing 形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关 系。v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when, while , after, if, unless, although , though 等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。 1.作时间状语 Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息,她感到害怕。 Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football. Turning around , he saw a tiger running up. 2.作结果状语 The boy ran even faster, reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了,到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. Her husband died, leaving her four children. They fired, killing many people in the street. 3.作伴随状语 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window. He came running. She stood waiting for a bus. He sat there reading a book. The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 4.作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生,我必须努力学习。 Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note. Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn 't get in touch with him. 5.作让步状语 Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年,我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作还是阅读,她总是竭尽全力。 Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 尽管他自己不算富裕, 他却是慷慨的帮助穷人。 6.作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapour. 把水加热,我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作,每天做三双 鞋。 Using your head, you 'll find a good way. Working hard, you 'll surely succeed. 7. 作目的状语 He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚,想通过考试。注意： 、V-ing 的时态和语态。

地点状语与定语从句的区别

where引导的定语从句和地点状语从句的区别是什么？ 最简单的办法是看where是否有指代先行词 应到定语从句还是状语从句的区别主要可以从以下三点来看： 一、where引导定语从句时, where是关系副词, 在从句中作地点状语, 其前面有表示地点的先行词, where引导的从句修饰先行词。例如: The bookshop where I bought this book is not far from here. This is the house where I lived two years ago. We will start at the point where we left off. 二、where引导状语从句时, where是从属连词, where引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词, where前面没有表示地点的先行词。例如: Wuhan lies where the Changjiang River and the Han Jiang River meet. Make a mark where you have any doubts or questions. I found my books where I had left them. 有时, where引导的地点状语从句兼有抽象条件含义, 可放在主句的前面, 而where引导的定语从句则不能。例如: Where there is a will, there is a way. 〔谚语〕有志者事竟成。 Where there is water, there is life. 有水的地方就有生命。 三、在有些情况下, where引导的定语从句可转换为where引导的地点状语从句。例如: A tall building was put up at the place where there used to be a desert. （＝A tall building was put up where there used to be a desert. ）在以前曾是沙漠的地方盖起了一幢高楼。 Bam boo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. （＝Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often. ）温暖而多雨的地方最适合于竹子生长。

宾语、定语、状语从句区别

1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。 3.状语从句，与状语一样，修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子的成分。如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。 很明显这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。 3.状语从句，与状语一样，修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子的成分。如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。 很明显这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。 3.状语从句，与状语一样，修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子的成分。如：I will call you as soon as I arrive in Beijing. 我到北京就将给你打电话。 很明显这是由as soon as引导的时间状语从句。 1.定语从句，也就是做定语（修饰名词的句子成分叫做定语）的从句 定语从句实际上起到了形容词的作用，所以也叫形容词性从句。 和定语一样，定语从句是修饰名词的成分。 如：the girl who she talk about .这个女孩就是她谈论的那个。 很明显who she talk about 是在修饰这个the girl 的 2.宾语从句，它在句子中作宾语（动作的承受者）成分，一般主句缺宾语时用它。 如：she are talking about where the boy comes from . 她在谈论这个男孩来自哪里。 很明显where...from在句子中做了宾语的成分。

定语从句与强调句和状语从句的区别

定语从句与其易混淆句型的辨析 众所周知，定语从句是高中英语学习中的一个语法重点，老师、同学们都对此予以重点关注。由此造成了这样一种现象：做题时，一遇到从句就往定语从句上想，尤其容易把一些形式上与定语从句相似的句型（主要是同位语从句、强调句、地点和时间状语从句）也当作定语从句来理解，结果产生错误。因此，从某个方面来说，解答定语从句题的关键是弄清它和易混淆句型之间的区别。 一、定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句和同位语从句都置于被修饰的名词或代词之后，形式上非常相似，尤其是由that引导时，最难区分。实际上，两者的根本区别在于句法功能不同，与先行词的关系不同。 1. 句法功能不同 定语从句相当于一个形容词，用来修饰、描述或限制其前面的名词、代词（称为先行词）或整个句子；同位语从句则相当于一个名词，是先行词所述内容的展开，即说明先行词的具体内容。 定语从句的引导词that在从句中一定充当句子成分；而同位语从句中的引导词that（被称为连接代词）在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何句子成分。 定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语或状语时，可以省略或被其他词代替；而同位语从句的引导词则一般不能省略，也不能被代替。 例1The news （that / which）we picked up from his informal conversation is true.我们从他的闲谈中听到的那个消息是真实的。 例2The news that Mr Li will teach us English next semester is true. 李先生下学期将教我们英语这个消息是真实的。 点评：例1的中that从句是定语从句，其作用相当于一个形容词，用来限定the news，that在从句中作宾语，可省略。例2中的that从句是同位语从句，其作用相当于一个名词，本身就是the news的内容，that不能省略。 2. 与先行词关系不同 定语从句所修饰、限定的先行词可以是名词或代词，当that省略时，定语从句本身是一个不完整的句子。而同位语从句通常与一些本身有具体内容可展开的名词连用，对这些名词进行补充说明或解释。常见的此类名词有：answer，belief，doubt，decision，explanation，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，possibility，problem，promise，question，reason，story，suggestion，thought，truth等。同位语从句本身是一个完整的句子，常用that连接而不是用which 引导，that本身不充当句子成分，表示疑问意义的名词（如doubt，question等）后也可用whether，who，what等疑问词引导。 例3The fact (that / which) she told me yesterday is very important.她昨天告诉我的事实非常重要。 例4The fact that she hasn’t known the result of the examination is clear.她还不知道考试成绩这个事实是显而易见的。

Ving形式作定语

Ving形式作定语 分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： The man standing by the window is our teacher. Many frightened people rushed out of the burning building. Ving作定语主要表示动作和用途。 1. 表示动作（主动的、进行的动作）。 a waiting car = the car that is waiting a sleeping child 熟睡的孩子 The girl standing there is my sister. 站在那儿的女孩是我的姐妹。 [注意]现在分词作定语时，它表示的动作是正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，如果两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。例如：The teacher criticized the student who had broken the window. 老师批评了打破窗户的学生。 2. 表示用途： the waiting room = the room for waiting 候车室 a working method 工作方法 He has a reading room. 他有一个书房。 【比较】 过去分词作定语： 及物动词的过去分词表示被动，不及物动词的过去分词表示动作完成。 例如： That is the book written by Lu Xun. 那是鲁迅写的书。 He is a returned student. 他是一个归国的留学生。

如何区分状语从句和定语从句

如何区分状语从句和定语从句 以下句子中的when a bomb exploded near the Stock Exchange作何种成分？纵观国内出版的语法书，一般都认为是时间状语从句，它跟last night一样，都是时间状语。但感觉又不像，请问您怎么看？ Ten people were killed and several were injured last night when a bomb exploded near the Stock Exchange. 昨天晚上一颗炸弹在股票交易所附近爆炸，造成十人死亡，数人受伤。 【问题】when a bomb exploded near the Stock Exchange. 到底是时间状语从句，还是定语从句？ 【答】以下是我的详细分析，并给出理由。 last night与when a bomb exploded near the Stock Exchange 到底存在着什么关系？ 它们之间可能存在的3种关系： 1. 并列关系（如果是并列关系，那么when 就是状语从句，跟last night 共同修饰谓语动词） 2. 同位关系（如果是同位关系，那么when 就是名词性从句，不是状语从句） 3. 修饰关系（如果是修饰关系，那么when 就是定语从句，修饰限定last night） 下面我从这3种关系入手，进行深度分析，最后判断它们是不是先行词和定语从句的关系。 1. 并列关系? 如果是并列关系，那么，last night 和when 之间应该有或者可以加上and, or 等连词连接，以“A and B”或“A or B” 的结构出现，例如： He stayed at home yesterday and today. 他昨天和今天都呆在家里。 It won't make much difference whether you go today or tomorrow. 你今天或明天去没有多大关系。

过去分词做状语同步课堂教学设计

过去分词做状语同步课堂教学设计 编写人：吴翔审批人： 学习目标： 1. 熟记过去分词的基本用法；提升灵活运用能力。 2. 合作探究、大胆质疑；归纳过去分词的用法。 3. 激情投入学习；享受攻克难关的快乐。 【使用说明】 1. 利用自主自习时间根据要求对导学案进行有效预习（约30分钟） 2. 1）15分钟自学、讨论 2）25分钟质疑、展示、点拨、巩固落实 3）5分钟当堂检测 【课前预习】 分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，主要起形容词和副词的作用，可以作定语、表语或是状语等 分词有两种，一种是现在分词，一种是过去分词。这两种分词在句子中能担任的成分大体相同，主要是在“意思”上有主动和被动之分。过去分词有两大特点：一是表被动的概念；二是表动作已完成。过去分词在句中可用作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语等成分。过去分词在句中作某种成分时，其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。 1.作定语 1）及物动词过去分词既表被动，又表完成；不及物动词过去分词，只表完成。 boiled water开水、selected apples 精选苹果、spoken English英语口语、 iced beer冰镇啤酒、cooked food熟食、fried chips炸土豆条； fallen leaves落叶、 the risen sun升起的太阳 2）单个的过去分词作定语时，一般可以放在被修饰词语之前，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。 The excited children didn’t know how to do with themselves. The meeting held yesterday was very important. 3）过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。Her daughter，brought up by me(=who was brought up by me)has begun to work now. 由我带大的她的女儿现在已经参加工作了。 2.作表语 1）当“人”做主语时用过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态或思想感情等。 He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。 2）过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示被动的动作。比较： My glasses are broken.我的眼镜碎了。(状态) My glasses were broken by my son.我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作) 3. 作宾补 1）过去分词用在表示“致使”含义的动词keep，leave，have，make, get等的后面。 They kept the door locked for a long time. 他们把门锁了好长一段时间。 Don’t leave the windows broken like this all the time. 不要让窗户一直像这样破着。 I have had my bike repaired. 我让人修了修我的自行车。 I raised my voice to make myself heard. 我提高了嗓门以便被人家听到。 2）过去分词常用在感官动词watch，notice，see，hear，listen to，feel，find等的后面。

动词-ing形式作表语定语,宾补及状语的用法

动词-ing形式作表语定语，宾补及状语的用法 一、动词-ing形式作表语 1.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语 Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job) 她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。 2.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词ing相当一个形容词） The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。 3.常用来作表语的现在分词有astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, boring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising等。 全析提示：动词-ing形式作表语时，其逻辑主语往往是句子中的主语，但用作表语的-ing形式也可带有自己的逻辑主语。 What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的逻辑主语是her) 二、动词-ing形式作定语 1单个的动词-ing形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 ①说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。 a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室 running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋 a working method =a method for working 工作方法 ②表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。 developing countries = countries that are developing 发展中国家 an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary 看起来很普通的房子 a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody 困扰人的问题 2作定语的动词-ing形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。 They lived in a house facing south.(=which is facing south) 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。 Do you know the boy playing basket?（=Who is playing basket) 你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？ The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle 正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。 三、动词-ing形式作宾补 1、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。 When we returned, we found a stranger standing in front of the house. 2、当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语 的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。

定语和状语的区别

定语： 什么是定语 修饰成分和被修饰成分之间大多数情况下没有逗号分隔，可以前置修饰，也可以后置与被修饰成分，大多数情况下修饰句子之中的某一个成分（名词），尤其是主语和宾语。 1.形容词： 前置定语：单个形容词 The handsome boy 后置修饰：形容词短语 The country different from China is America. China is a country different from America. China is a country different from America. China is a country different from America. 2.非谓语： 前置：单个分词 Developed country Developing country Swimming pool 非谓语后置：分词短语 The water to drink The man attacked by the dog The boy playing basketball 3.定语从句：只能后置 The man who is playing football is eating an apple. 状语修饰：修饰动词（修饰句子中的某一个成分，也可以修饰整个句子） 修饰成分和被修饰成分之间大多数情况下有逗号分隔，可以前置修饰，也可以后置，也可以放在中间，大多数情况下修饰整个句子 1.副词（修饰主句子里的某一个成分：动词）

He is laughing happily. 2.非谓语：有逗号分隔，不修饰主句之中的某一个成分 Playing football, he is eating an apple. (表示伴随) Attacked by the dog, the man cries. (表示原因) He, playing football,is eating an apple. He is eating an apple, playing football. 3.状语从句可以有逗号分隔，也可以没有逗号分隔，不修饰主句之中的某一个成分 The man cried because he was attacked by the dog. Because he was attacked by the dog, the man cried 特别再谈一次非谓语作状语 同是一个主干成分“The man cried.”让“attacked by the dog”来修饰，即可以作为定语来修饰，也可以作为状语来修饰。 1.“attacked by the dog”作状语修饰，翻译成：“被狗咬了，那个人哭了。” Attacked by the dog, the man cries. (表示原因) The man, attacked by the dog, cried. The man cried, attacked by the dog. 2.“attacked by the dog”作为定语来修饰，翻译为“那个被狗咬的人哭了” The man attacked by the dog cried.

V-ing作定语和状语

V-ing作定语和状语 Ⅰ. V-ing 作定语 单个的V-ing作定语，常放在被修饰的名词前面作前置定语；V-ing短语作定语，则放在被修饰名词的后面，作后置定语。 1．V-ing作定语，说明被修饰词的性质、特征或用途。 He may be in the reading room . (read) 他可能在阅览室里。 They set up an _______________ table. (operate) 他们搭起一个手术台。 2．V-ing 作定语，表示其与被修饰词之间为主动关系，并且表示动作正在进行。 There are about 200 students studying in this school. 大约有200个学生在这个学校学习。 Who is the woman_________________our English teacher?( talk) 正在和我们英语老师谈话的那个女人是谁？ 3．有些V-ing已经转化成了形容词，常用作定语修饰物，表示“令人……”：exciting, shocking, puzzling, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, boring, tiring, moving, touching, interesting, satisfying, frightening, amazing等。 ①That must be a ______________experience. (terrify) 那肯定是一次可怕的经历。 ②The experiment was____________________________. (amaze) 那实验是一个惊人的成功。 Ⅱ. V-ing作状语 V-ing （短语）可以在句子中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。现在分词一般不用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的状语）。V-ing作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语________，且分词必须和句中的主语是逻辑上的__________关系。 1. 作时间状语 _________________________, he jumped with joy.(hear) 当听到这个好消息时，他高兴地跳了起来。 2. 作结果状语 The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上气不接下气了。 The song is sung all over the country, ________________________ song.( make) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受欢迎的歌曲。 3. 作伴随状语与谓语所表示的动作同时发生。 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window.他站在窗前，望着来来往往的人们。_____________________, they went into the room .( talk) 他们有说有笑地走进房间。 4. 作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。___________________, he didn?t go to school.(be) 由于生病，他没有上学。 注意：表示原因的V-ing 形式一般位于句首，相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定式直接在句首加not . ______________________her address, , we couldn?t get in touch with her. ( know) 由于不知道她地址，我们无法和她联系。 5. 作让步状语 Being young，the little boy knows a lot about computer.尽管这个小男孩很小，但是他懂得很多电脑知识。 _________________ here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. （live） 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻居们都还不熟悉。 6. 作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapor. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 _____________ahead, you will see a white house.( walk) 一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色的房子。 7. 作方式状语 ____________________, we visited many places. (travel) 我们乘车游览了许多地方。 注意： 1.当v-ing所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前时，应使用__________式：_________________ ①After he finished his homework, he rushed out to play basketball. =___________________his homework, he rushed out to play basketball.他完成作业后冲出去打篮球。 ②After he closed the windows, he went out of the classroom. =____________________the windows, he went out of the classroom. 关上窗户后,他走出教室。 2.当v-ing与句子的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系时，应该使用________式：_________. The tall building ___________________ now is our new school.( build) 正在被修建的那栋大楼是我们的新学校。 3. V-ing作状语时，它的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语_______________。 ①Rushing into the dining-room, I found super was waiting for. （） ②Rushing into the dining-room, supper was waiting for me. （） Ⅲ. 连词+ V-ing V-ing作状语时，相当于省略的状语从句。由when / while / after / before / if /though / unless/as if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时,如果从句的谓语动词是主动语态,则可以省略从句的主语,而保留原连词,形成"连词+现在分词"的结构形式。 1.Though they lacked(缺少)money, his parents managed to send him to university. =______________________ money, his parents managed to send him to university. 2.When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. =_____________________________, I came across an old friend of mine. 3.Unless I was invited, I wouldn?t go to the party. =_____________________, I wouldn?t go to the party. 4.As I am a student, I must study hard. = _________________a student, I must study hard.

(完整版)如何区分英语中的定语与补语

主谓宾，定状补是学好英语必须掌握的6大词性。有的同学在学习的过程，时常分不清楚定语与补语，虽然知道，定语是限定条件的，补语是补充说明的。但这样的描述还是太过抽象，让部分同学无法理解。那英语中的定语与补语到底有什么区别呢？ 补语分为主语补语和宾语补足语。一般主语补语为系表结构I am a student.（补语）下文中提到的补语指的都是宾语的补足语。 现在我们就来看看： (一)从以下三点区别两者 一、作用不同 1.定语，在句子中修饰名词或代词。 2.补语，说明句子宾语的状态或正在进行的动作。 二、位置不同 1.定语，在名词或代词之前，或之后。 2.补语，紧跟宾语之后。 三、作成分的词不同 1.用作定语的成分是：名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词、介词 短语 2.用作补语的成分是：名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式、分词 (二)从例句中区别两者 ——可以同时当作定语与补语的词：名词、形容词、副词、动词不定式。 1．名词分别作定语与补语的区别 A、I t’s a ball pen. (定语) 主系定表 B、A t the meeting we elected him monitor.（补语） 地点状语主谓宾补 2．形容词分别作定语与补语的区别 A、She is a beautiful girl.(定语) 主系定表 B、I find learning English difficult.（补语） 主谓定宾补 3．副词分别作定语与补语的区别 A、T he boy there needs a pen.（定语后置） 主定谓宾 B、（you）Please call the students back at once.（补语） 主（省略）谓宾补状 4．动词不定式分别作定语与补语的区别 A、T here is nothing to do day.（定语后置) 主系表定 B、W e believe him to be guilty.（补语） 主谓宾补

ving作状语

v-ing形式作状语 v-ing形式作状语时，用于修饰某动词或整个句子，所表示的动作与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关 系。v-ing形式作状语时，可以单独使用，也可以在其前加上when，while，after，if，unless，although，though等连词，表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随、方式等。 1. 作时间状语 Hearing this news, she got frightened. 听到这个消息，她感到害怕。 Looking out of the window, I saw some children playing football. Turning around , he saw a tiger running up. 2. 作结果状语 The boy ran even faster，reaching the school out of breath. 那个男孩跑得更快了，到达学校时累得上 气不接下气了。 The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door. Her husband died, leaving her four children. They fired, killing many people in the street. 3. 作伴随状语 He stood by the window, watching people passing by his window. He came running. She stood waiting for a bus. He sat there reading a book. The students ran out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 4. 作原因状语 Being a student, I must study hard. 作为一名学生，我必须努力学习。 Seeing nobody at home, he left them a note. Not knowing his telephone number, I couldn’t get in touch with him. 5. 作让步状语 Having lived here for four years, I am not familiar with my neighbors. 虽然我在这儿住了四年，我对邻 居们都还不熟悉。 Working or reading, she always did her best. 不管是工作还是阅读，她总是竭尽全力。 Not being a rich man himself, he helped the poor generously. 尽管他自己不算富裕，他却是慷慨的帮助 穷人。 6. 作条件状语 Heating water, we can change it into vapour. 把水加热，我们可以将其变为水蒸汽。 Working in his small room, he made three pairs of shoes every day. 在他的小房间里工作，每天做三双鞋。 Using your head, you’ll find a good way. Working hard, you’ll surely succeed. 7. 作目的状语 He stayed up late into the night, attempting to pass the entrance exam. 他晚上睡得很晚，想通过考试。 注意： 一、V-ing 的时态和语态。