高考英语阅读理解讲解

高考英语阅读理解讲解

讨论阅读理解的解题技巧和思路，高考阅读以什么形式来考查五种阅读能力。解决每类试题有何技巧，以及解题过程中，考生要避免什么样的错误，以期望帮助大家提高阅读理解能力和解题能力。

一、主旨判断类题型

1. 定义：这类题型主要考查考生的归纳能力，即通过阅读归纳中心思想，总结段落大意，把握文章的主旨。

2. 形式：这类题通常以下列形式出现：

⑴Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage?

⑵The passage is mainly about ？

⑶The best title for this passage is ?

⑷The passage mainly tells us that ?

⑸The main idea / subject / topic of this passage is ?

⑹Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

⑺The purpose of the passage is ?

⑻Which sentence best expresses the main idea of the passage?

⑼The passage is mainly about ?

⑽The best title for this passage is ？

3. 解题思路：⑴读首句抓大意。说明文、议论文多采用这种结构。文章或段落的中心，即主题句

（topic sentence）在句首。⑵读尾句抓大意。英文的有些文章或段落把主题句放在文章的结尾，作为对全篇的总结。⑶读首尾句抓大意。有些文章或段落开头和结尾都有主题句，这种安排是为了前后照应，突出主题思想。⑷从归纳要点抓大意。有些文章或段落主题句不明显或者没有主题句，这就要求考生考虑文章的组织材料及支撑细节是围绕什么主题展开并为之服务的，从而归纳出中心思想或段落大意。

4. 例题分析：例1、Parties held by the wealthy seldom welcome poor guests. But last week China made

it through the doors into a gathering of the world’s richest countries.

Question; The best title of the passage is C .

A. China’s Economic Growth.

B. China Becomes Richest

C. China Meets G7

D. China Plays an Important Role. (AD是支撑句，也过于空乏)

Jin Renqing, China’s finance minister, and Zhou Xiaochuan, governor of the People’s Bank of China, joined a meeting of the Group of Seven (G7) on October 1st. It is the first time that China has had direct talks with the club. It was a good chance to share the world power’s thoughts about critical economic issues and promote understanding.

China’s participation is a natural part of its increasingly important role in the global economy. China is the world’s factory and the biggest market.

America and China made up almost half of global economic growth last year. “If American consumers and Chinese producers were to reduce their activities at the same time, global growth would drop greatly,”said the Economist, a leading British economics magazine.

Up to now Chinese economic stability(稳定) has been closely related to world development. “The increasingly connected global economy means that China should be a part of the meeting.”Said Stephen Roach, a world famous economist.

例2. On the night of the party Merlin rolled into the room playing his violin. Everyone was astonished to see him. There was just one problem. Merlin had no way to stop his roller skater. He rolled on and on. Suddenly he ran into a huge mirror that was hanging on the wall. Down fell the mirror, breaking into pieces. Nobody forgot Merlin’s grand entrance for a long time!

Question: What is the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph？(C)

A. The roller skater needed further improvement.

B. The party guests took Merlin for a fool

C. Merlin succeeded beyond expectation

D. Merlin got himself into trouble.

划线部分是细节题，是围绕C 展开的。如果把划双线部分当作重点，就会误选AD，那就犯了一个典型的错误，根据自己的经历和文化背景作出这样的思考。注意：归纳时不要把自己的见解、经验、经历、价值观、文化背景融入到对主旨题的理解当中，而要绝对忠实于原文。

例3. If you dream of going someplace warm to escape the cold winter weather, a trip to a recently discovered planet would certainly warm you right up. The planet, named OGLE-TR-56b, has temperatures of more than 3000℉. “This is the hottest planet we know about,” says Dr. Dimitar Sasselov, a scientist who led the discovery team. “It is hot enough to have an iron fog and to rain hot iron droplets(细末).”

The new planet is 30 times farther away than any planet discovered by scientists before. It is in the Milky Way (银河) but it is not in our solar(太阳的) system. The new planet moves around a star much like our sun, however. Scientists discovered the planet by using a new planet-searching method, called “transit technique.”

They were able to catch sight of the planet when it moved in front of its star, causing the star’s light to dim(变暗). Scientists compare the method to discovering the shadow of a bee flying in front of a searchlight 200 miles away. “We believe the door has been opened wide to go and discover planets like Earth,” says Sasselov.

Question：Which is the best title for the passage? B

A. New Planet-searching Technique.

B. New Distant Discovery

C. Space Searching

D. Dream planet

这是一道难度较大的主旨判断题，CD过于抽象，不具有归纳性。AB迷惑性较大。这是一篇科技类文章。如果把A作为文章的标题，给读者的第一印象是：文章的核心在谈论这项技术的发现、应用等，这显然不符合这篇文章的内容。

5. 注意事项：⑴归纳中心思想时学会把握主题句，分清主题句和支撑细节之间的关系。不可把符

合文章但起服务功能的支撑句作为文章的主旨。⑵作为文章主旨的选项不能太抽象，这类选项一具备概括性。⑶对无主题句的篇章归纳中心思想时要忠实于原文，找到文章的切入点，考生万万不可随意把个人的思维方式、经验经历、价值取向等题外因素融入对文章的理解。⑷对于主旨判断类题型尤其是给文章找一个合适的标题，有一个行之有效的检测手段，被选选项或标题能够告诉读者文章大意或中心，就是正确的选项。就是你一看到这个标题，你就能估计到文章在谈论什么。

二、词义猜测类题型

1. 定义：猜测词义是英语阅读的重要技巧，也是高考中必考的题型。要求考生通过解释性语言、对

比关系、因果关系、同类关系、逻辑关系、构词法等手段猜测某些字、词、句在特定语境中的含意。

2. 形式这类题常常以下形式出现：

⑴The underlined word / phrase / sentence means .

⑵The underlined word /phrase / sentence refers to .

⑶The underlined word / phrase / sentence can be replaced by .

⑷Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word / phrase/ sentence in Line 1/ paragraph 2?

⑸The underlined word / phrase / sentence can be best defined as .

3. 解题思路：在此，把这类题型分为两类，猜测单词或短语意义和猜测句子的意义.

猜测单词或短语。技巧⑴：①利用解释类语言进行猜测词义。解释性语言通常有定义、同位语、定语从句或者is，or，that is, in other words, namely等形式构成。例如：

Anthropology is the scientific study of man. （下定义，是人类学的意思。）

Most of us tell us much the same white lies, harmless untruths that help to save trouble. 划线部分是同位语，它解释前面的white lies，是善意的诺言。

技巧⑵：利用对比关系猜测词义。表示对比关系的词常有not, but, while, on the other hand, despite, in spite of, in contrast, unlike, for one thing… for another…, at the same time, rather than等形式。

例如：He was realistic and at the same time idealistic.划线部分是表转折，后面是理想主义。

Family responsibility can be a driving force rather than an obstacle in the career of female government officials. （rather than而不是表明后面是相反的，是障碍之义。）

技巧3：利用同类关系猜测词义。表示同类关系的词常有for example, for instance, such as, like, similarly等。例如：Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators, and color TV set.

技巧4：利用因果关系猜测词义。表示因果关系的词常有because （of）, so that, so /such …that, due to, thanks to, consequently, as a result (of), result in, result from, that is why…等。Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.

技巧5：利用上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义。关键是理清所要猜测的字、词和前后处于什么样的逻辑关系，是并列、递进、转折、前后照应还是补充说明。

Another source of knowledge is the vast store of traditional practices handed down from father to son, or mother to daughter, of old country customs, of folklore. All this is very difficult for a college student to examine, for much knowledge and personal experience is needed here to separate goods plants from wild grass. The college student should learn to realize and remember how much of real value science had found in this wide, confused wilderness and how often scientific discoveries of what had existed in this area long age.

Question: In the paragraph the phrase “this wide, confused wilderness” refers to D .

A. personal experience

B. wild weeds among good plants

C. the information from the parents

D. the vast store of traditional practices

技巧6：此外，我们还可以利用构词法及单词的派生，掌握一定的词根，前、后缀及词类之间的转换猜测生词的含意。这个比较简单，就不举例。

猜测句子意义技巧1：猜测句子含义需要考生准确理解一些有关联的句子之间的逻辑关系及隐含条件，分析句型结构，紧扣文章主旨，联系上下文解决些类考题。

技巧2：解题技巧在于明确所要求猜测句义的句子在文章中的位置。按照英文的写作特点，若句子位于句首，常常起引出话题、提出观点的任用；位于句尾，则起总结观点、深化主题、表明态度、提出希望等作用；若位于句中则有承上启下、充当论据的作用。

技巧3：猜测句义实质上就是对原句进行特定语境下诠释，即我们常说的paraphrase（解释）。4. 例题分析：例1. Great Wall is a completely unique conservation challenge, because it’s so enormous. If

the government in China puts lots of money to protect the Great Wall, they would have to spend more than that they’ll spend on the Olympic Games, more than they spent against SARS. It would be a huge investment.

I think what we ought to do is look at the Great Wall and decide what can be done. Of course everybody coming to China wants to see the Great Wall, so it must be a tourist place. I think there should be a few tourist places; there are thousands of kilometers of wild wall, which has become overgrown with bushes. It’s crumbling(崩溃，粉碎). The ashes of the tower are falling down. I think the Great Wall now is like an

80-year-old man. In some places, it’s still standing, but really unless there’s some good medicine, most of it won’t be standing in the next fifty or hundred year.

Question: The underlined part of the last sentence means C .

A. if people don’t take medicine, the Great Wall will fall down.

B. the Great Wall is like an80-year-old man, who needs medical care.

C. we must take measures to protect the Great Wall, or most of the walls will.

D. the Great Wall is falling down, and it will disappear in 50 or 100 years.

这道题是猜测句子的含义，这句话的隐含条件，即由unless引导的条件状语从句，只有C才把它的逻辑关系表现出来，是对原句的最好的诠释，第一句是陈述明显的事实，不存在条件关系，作者用了比喻的手法，如果选AB就没有理解。

例2. China’s environmental protection authorities have a poor image in the eyes of many, who view the rise in population as a major cause for concern in a country so heavily populated(主题句). Now the image is about to change . Beginning this year, the State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA) has decided to get tough. SEPA announced the names of 30 projects that have seriously violated laws concerning environmental protection and ordered that these projects to stop with immediate effect. Legal steps will be taken against those who refuse this edict.

Question: From the sentence “Now this is about to cha nge”, we know A .

A.SEPA will take effective measures to protect the environment.

B.SEPA will announce the names of projects which pollute rivers seriously.

C.SEPA will punish the projects which pollute our environment.

D.SEPA will order the projects which cause pollution be stopped with immediate effect.

题支BCD都是中国环保部门采取的具体措施，都不是对原文划线部分的诠释，只有A才符合。

例3. All great players have a lot in common, but that doesn’t explain why they are great. Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele(贝利). The greatest players are born with unique quality that sets them apart from all the others.

Question: The sentence: “…but only one became Pele.” In last paragraph indicates that B .

A.Pele is the greatest soccer player

B.the greatest players are born with some unique quality

C.Pele’s birthday sets him apart from all the others.

D.the success of a soccer player has everything to do with the family background

通过观察最后一句话，可以看出是对前一句话but only one became Pele的说明，前后存在因果关系，其它选项与语境无关。

5. 注意事项：⑴猜测字、词类题型通常考查两类字词，常用词的一词多义，或者超过考纲的

生僻词汇。其目的不是考查考生的词汇量，而是通过上下文的逻辑关系分析理解能力。因此不要脱离语境孤立地去理解字词的意义。⑵猜测句义类题型同样考查逻辑分析能力，因此万万不可望文生义，不仅要理解句子字面传达的信息，更要抓住句子在特定语境中表达的深层含义，做出符合文章主旨的诠释。

三、确定事实细节类题型

1. 定义：考查考生通过阅读获取与主题思想有关信息或者对信息进行理解转换的能力。

2. 形式：考查的事实细节通常分为直接事实型和间接事实型。前者只需要采取有针对性的阅

读就能在文章中直接找到答案；后者需要对原始信息进行整理转换或者概括判断才能解题。这

类题型通常出现的形式有：是非题、例证题、寻找原因/结果题、进行比较题、识图题、图标题、排序题、年代数字题、代词复指题等，如：

⑴Which of the following statements is true/ wrong according to the passage?

⑵What’s the time / reason / cause / result of…?

⑶According to the passage, the author mentioned .

⑷What’s the best solution to… according to the passage?

⑸Why / Where / How /What / Who/ How many / How much…?

⑹The right order of the event should be .

3.解题思路：对于直接事实细节类题型，首先从题干中找到关键词，然后以此为线索，在文

中找到这一细节；对于间接事实细节类题型，通过阅读题干明确任务，阅读题支确定所涉及的事实细节范围，然后通过查读的方法分别在文中找到事实细节，并对事实细节进行整理转换或者概括判断，确定答案。

4. 例题分析：例1.A giant dam was built many years ago to control the Colorado River in the USA.

This dam was built to protect the land and houses around the river.

This huge dam is in the Black Canyon. It is possible to drive car from one side of the river to the other on a road, which is on the top of the dam. This dam is so big that there is an elevator inside. The elevator goes down forty-four stories from the road to the bottom. There is enough concrete in this dam to build a highway from New York to Sam Francisco. Thousands of people worked on this dam for five years.

This huge dam was called Boulder Dam when it was finished in 1936. Later it was renamed Hoover Dam in honor of the a president of the United States. Hoover Dam, one of the highest dams in the world, is situated between the states of Arizona and Nevada.

Question：Hoover Dam lies D .(直接事实题, 从划线部分得出。)

A. between Arizona and Nevada

B. in the Black Canyon

C. between New York and San Francisco.

D. both A and B.

例2. More than a month after last December’s tsunami(海啸) in Asia, the death toll in India continues to rise, even as the country tries to put the nightmare behind it. The wrath of the waves flattened villages, modified coastlines, washed out homes, changed the environment, maimed (残废的)and orphaned and ruined lives forever.

At least 10, 000 people were killed in India alone with thousands more still missing.

(C)India, an underdeveloped country with tens of millions of people still living under the poverty line, puzzled and even stunned the world, when it announced soon after the disaster that it would not accept any international aid whatsoever(无论什么) (A.). At the same time, it tried its best to extend aid to neighboring nations struck by the Indian Ocean tsunami.(B)

The warships--- backed by helicopters’and transport aircraft and loaded with relief supplies--- headed for Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Maldives, the three neighbors that were badly hit in what is now considered one of world’s worst natural disaster.

1. After the Indian Ocean tsunami, India C .(间接事实题，根据题支分别在文中找到ABCD的信息源，见上)

A. doesn’t need any international aid （与原信息不对等）

B. will help the people who live under the poverty line（扩大了）

C. astonished the world because it refused relief suppliers from other countries

D. has the capabilities to rebuild cities and villages for people.（文中没有提到原因）

2. The news may be reported in B .（间接事实题，由第一句last December’s tsunami ）

A. December

B. February

C. March

D. November

3. Which of the following is true? D （细节推断题，斜线部分与原文不符）

A. India helped Indonesia because it is rich

B. India is a poor island country

C. About 10,000 Indians are still missing after the Indian Ocean tsunami

D. India shipped a lot of relief supplies to Maldives

5 . 注意事项：⑴注意看清题干，明确题干到底要求考生选择正确陈述还是错误陈述。

⑵抓住信息源。信息源是解题的依据，考生不能在未找到信息源的情况下就冒然做答，

⑶注意语义转换的准确性，有些题支的陈述与文中原信息非常类似，但是在信息范围，语义程度，

或者语义色彩上进行了夸大或者缩小的诠释。

四、推理判断类题型

1. 定义：根据文章的已知信息推理出合乎主旨或上下文逻辑关系的结论。

2. 形式：推理判断类题型通常以下列形式出现：

⑴The passage implies that .⑵We may infer from the passage that .

⑶From the passage we may conclude that .⑷We can learn from the text that .

⑸In the writer’s opinion, .⑹When the writer says…, he really means .

⑺The passage suggests that .⑻The writer is trying to tell us .

⑼This passage is most probably taken from a(n) .

⑽Which of the following might have happened afterwards?

3. 解题思路：推理判断类题型号通常有三种形式:

⑴数据推断题捕捉文章中有关数据信息，在理解原文和题干的基础上，进行简单的数学运算就

可以得出结论。⑵逻辑推断题，从题干提供的信息出发，抓住原文中相关联的关键的字、词、句，围绕文章所陈述的事实、论点、例证材料、细节、因果关系等方面的逻辑判断。⑶作者的态度、观点、意图推断题①有些作者在文章中直接明确自己的态度观点；②有些文章中作者通过赞同或者反对他人的观点来间接表达自己的观点及态度；③有些文章作者通过描述环境气氛，以及运用表达感情色彩的措辞，尤其是动词和形容词间接表达或赞扬、同情或憎恨的态度，考生要善于抓住这些关键的信息点。

4. 例题分析：例1.Santa Fe, the capital of New Mexico, USA, is in the central part of the state, on the

Santa Fe River, which flows into Grande 35 kilometers west of the city. More than two thousand meters above sea level, it lies in the Sangre de Gris to Mountains with the Ortiz Mountains to the southeast.

Santa Fe was founded in 1609 by the Spanish(西班牙人) on an old Indian village. In 1680 the Indians seized the place but only held it for twelve years before the Spanish retook it. The city remained under Spanish rule until Mexico won its independence in1821. From then on it was a Mexican city until 1846 when it was taken over by USA troops.

Question: 1. Santa Fe was under the rule of the Mexicans in D .

A. 1675

B. 1695

C. 1816

D. 1833

2. the people who held Santa Fe for the longest period in history were the A .

A. Spanish

B. Indians

C. Mexicans

D. Americans

根据短文信息可推断出：

1609-1680 Santa Fe ruled by the Spanish. (71years)

1680-1692 Santa Fe ruled by the Indians. (12years)

1692-1821 Santa Fe ruled by the Spanish. (129years)

1821-1846 Santa Fe ruled by Mexico. (25years)

11846-now Santa Fe ruled by the USA. (160years)

例2. Have you ever seen any students whose trousers hang so low that you can see their underwear(内裤)？Want do you think of that? Fashionable? Some of today’s teenagers are big fans of such a look. But recently this trend has been at the center of an argument in Italian middle schools（B）.

The headmaster of a school in central Italy has asked students to stop wearing low-rise jeans(低腰牛仔裤) that expose underwear and parts of the body. His request came after a class trip, when he saw one boy’s baggy trousers slide(滑) to his feet. He pointed out that this kind of dressing is not suitable for school.

But in Italy, a nation that takes fashion very seriously, the suggestion caused a debate among parents, teachers and students. The issue is whether the head teacher is asking students to limit their freedom--- or whether dress in Italian schools is too casual(随意的)。

A parents’group praised the move in favor of good taste, while others advised schools to stop worrying about fashion and fix up old school buildings.

“We do not want to kick fashion our,” the headmaster explained. “But extremes(极端) of fashion like this are not right in school.” Many other schools have now requested that their students also stopping wearing such trousers.

Questions: 1. The passage implies that B . (逻辑推理判断题)

A.no schools allow students to wear fashionable clothes

B.some Italians consider freedom most important

C.it is not suitable to wear low-rise jeans

D.the headmasters who asked students not to wear low-rise jeans is very good and responsible.

AC都扩大了文章的内涵，而且绝对化了。D是根据自己的喜好来作出判断，而作者却未评价。

2. From the passage, we can infer D .(逻辑推理判断题)

A. many Italian schools agree that students should dress casually不符合文章主旨

B. an argument about students’ dress occurred in Italian middle schools只是复述，不是推断。

C. the headmaster loves old fashion

D. some Italian headmasters think of low-rise jeans as unsuitable clothes in schools.（最后一段）

例3.Some people are never right. They never have good luck. They usually do the wrong thing and say the wrong thing. And even if what they say or do is OK, they as a rule say it or do it at the wrong time. So there people always have problems. They often break dishes. They sometimes miss buses and airplanes.

Mr. Neff is different. He is always right. He is never wrong. He usually has good luck. He seldom has problems. He never breaks dishes. He never misses buses or airplanes. Even if he does miss them, it is always the fault of the buses or airplanes. Mr. Neff knows almost everything. He doesn’t ask question; he answers questions. He never says, “I don’t know.”

Question: which of the following best describes the writer’s attitude towards Mr. Neff？ D .

A. He finds Mr. Neff hard to understand

B. He thinks Mr. Neff wonderful

C. He feels pity for Mr. Neff

D. He doesn’t like Mr. Neff

这是判断作者态度的推理题，文章并没有明确作者的态度，而是通过作者使用的语言，从划线部分可推断作者不喜欢像Mr. Neff这种人。如果错选C，则pity不足以表达作者的态度。

5. 注意事项：⑴要挖掘文字的表面信息，由表及里，由浅入深，理解其中隐藏的深层意义。不能

断章取义，以偏概全；⑵要忠实于原文，立足于原文提供的信息进行推理判断。不能凭空想象，更不能以读者的观点代替作者的观点；⑶要特别注意那些能够反映句子之间、段落之间逻辑关系的连接词或语句；⑷要特别注意文中使用的传递感情色彩的字、词、句，是赞成的（in favor），反对的（opposed to），批评的（critical）还是讽刺（ironical）的，由此揣测作者的态度和观点。

五、理解长句、难句类题型

1. 定义：主要地考查考生综合运用语言能力，即分析句子结构，把握长句、难句意义的能力。分析

长句、难句是近几年高考的一个趋势，也是一个难点。

2. 解题技巧：⑴首先要找到句子的主体结构，即主谓、主谓宾或主系表结构。即把握长句、难句

的骨架；⑵将句中出现的定、关、补等成分或从句纳入其所界定或修饰的对象里。即理解长句、难句的细节内容；⑶识别复杂句式、结构在句中的使用，如倒装结构、强调结构、插入语、关联词、情态动词、虚拟语气、非谓语动词等等。这些结构不仅表达语义而且还传递感情色彩。

3. 例题分析：

例1.He concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights that pleased them it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental (基本的)human urge(欲望) to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. 他得出这样的结论，使他们高兴的不是灯光而是由于他们在解决问题，掌握技能时所获得的成功，而且人类还有一个基本欲望，认识并有意识控制世界。

例2. In the center of your heart and my heart, there is a wireless station:（同位语从句）so long as （引导一个条件状语从句）it receives messages of beauty, hope, cheer, courage, and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young（是主句，并且使用了倒装）. 在你我心中，都有一个无线电台，只要你从天上人间，接受美好、欢乐和力量的信号，青春永驻。

几点建议：

1.培养良好的阅读习惯，把阅读作为一种日常行为如同穿衣吃饭以获取信息和快乐；

2. 研究英文的写作特点，掌握一定的阅读方法，粗读、细读、精读、略读相结合，以提高阅读速度；

3. 作有效阅读，根据高考所考查考生的能力的要求的几个方面同学们在做阅读的时候，就某些方面

的能力自我检测；

4. 作有针对性的训练，做大量的阅读理解题之前，一定要研究命题的意图、解题技巧，并修正习惯

性错误，根据所考查的不同能力的要求，进行一一专项训练。

在此基础上进行综合训练才能事半功倍。把握这些思想、研究这些方法并结合自身的情况，最终提高自己的阅读能力和解题能力。------郝智勇

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3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典题型

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