(完整版)高中英语语法省略句

省略句

为了使话说得简明扼要，英语句子中某个单词、短语甚至从句或主句都可以省去。

这种省去句子某些成分而保持句子意思不变的现象，称为省略（ellipsis）

Ⅰ、状语从句中的省略用法

一、如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词的某种形式

（am/is/are/was/were），可同时省略从句的主语和be动词的某种形式。

1、when，while引导的时间状语从句

e.g. Do be careful when (you are) crossing the street.

When/While (I was) on my way to work, I met her.

2、if，unless，once引导的条件状语从句

e.g. If (it is) properly treated, waste will do no harm to the environment.

I’ll not go to the party unless (I am) invited.

Once (you are) caught stealing in a supermarket, you will be punished.

3、though，although，whether，no matter whether/what/how/who等引导的

让步状语从句

e.g. He was happy, though/although (he was) poor.

Whether (she is) sick or well, she is always cheerful.

No matter how/However hard the task (is), we must fulfill it in time.

（注：从句的主语和主句的主语不一致时，只省略从句中的be动词形式）

4、as if，as though引导的方式状语从句

e.g. He rubbed his eyes and yawned as if/though (he was) waking up after a

long sleep.

He stood up as if/though (he wanted) to leave.（as if/though + to do表示一个将来的动作）

二、than，as引导的比较状语从句中的省略用法：当不同的主语进行比较时，

一般省略从句中的谓语；当从句中的主语与谓语（be动词除外）和主句中的主语与谓语相同时，通常省略从句中的主语和谓语，只保留比较部分。

e.g. He is taller than his brother (is).

I have as much as confidence in you as (I have confidence) in him.

三、以if从句为代表的状语从句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了it is，that is，

there is/are。

e.g. If (it is) possible/necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.

If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.

There are only a few books in our school library, if (there are) any.

Ⅱ、定语从句中的省略用法

关系词的省略关系代词that，which，whom等在限制性定语从句中充当宾语且不位于介词之后时，可以省略；in which或that在先行词way后作方式状语从句时可省略。

e.g. The man (that/who/whom) you visited last night is my grandpa.

I don’t like the way (in which/that) you treat the girl.

Ⅲ、虚拟语气中if及should的省略

1、当条件状语从句中有were，had，should等时省略if，把它们提至句首，形

成倒装句。

e.g. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

= Were I a teacher, I would be strict with my students.

2、Suggest，insist，order，require等表示建议、要求、命令的动词后接的从句

中，谓语动词常用“should+动词原形”，should可以省略。

e.g. The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose weight.

Ⅳ、不定式符号to的省略

1、感官动词see，hear，feel，watch等和使役动词have，make，let等后接不定

式作宾语时，不定式省略to。(一感feel,二听hear, listen to, 三让have, let, make,

四看see, look at, observe, watch)

2、do nothing but，can’t help but等结构常接省略to的不定式。

E.g. We didn’t do anything but stay at home watching TV yesterday.

Hearing th e news, she couldn’t help but cry.

3、在特定语境中为了避免重复，当不定式再次出现时，在want，wish，hope，

try，plan，like，love，hate后往往只保留to，而省略后面的动词。但不定式后有be，have时，也保留be和have。

E.g. My parents encouraged me to go to college, but I didn’t want to.

Ⅴ、So和not的替代性省略

用于避免重复前面所说过的内容，替代词so/not替代肯定或否定的名词性从句。可与believe，do，expect，fear，guess，hope，say，speak，suppose，think，I’m afraid等连用

e.g. – Do you suppose he is going to attend the meeting? – I suppose not.

Ⅵ、日常交际中的省略

在情景会话中，答语常常省略不会引起歧义的主语、谓语或宾语部分，而只保留对方希望了解的内容。在复合句或并列句中，也有省略主、谓、宾的情况。

e.g. – How many copies do you want? -- (I want) Three copies, please.

-- Have you ever been to the Great Wall? -- No, (I have) never (been to the Great Wall).

随讲随练1、—Lucy，could you please spare me a few minutes?

—____，but I hope "a few minutes" won't turn into a few hours.

A. It doesn't matter

B. That's kind of you

C. I'm afraid not

D. I guess so

2、—Hey，taxi!

—_____

—I want to go to the dentist's.

A. Good morning, sir.

B. Nice to see you, sir.

C. Where to, sir?

D. What are you going to do, sir?

3、The doctor expresses his strong desire that the patient _____ immediately.

A. be operated on

B. operated on

C. was operated on

D. would be operated on

4、When he came back, he found the bag he had ____ over the seat was gone.

A. left to hang

B. left hanging

C. left hung

D. to leave hanging

5、Liu Xiang spoke slowly to the Special Olympic competitors so as to have them____.

A. understand him

B. to be understood

C. be understood

D. to understand him

6、—Are there any English story books for us students in the library?

—There are only a few, ____.

A. if any

B. if have

C. if some

D. if has

8、—Does Betty know where her violin is?

—She saw somebody walking off with one, but she doesn't know____.

A. whose

B. it

C. whom

D. which

9、—Aren't you the manager?

—No, and I ____.

A. don't want

B. don't want to

C. don't want to be

D. don't

10、—How are you getting on with your work?

—Oh, I'm sorry. Things aren't going so well as____.

A. plans

B. planning

C. planned

D. to plan

11、—What's the matter with you?

—I didn't pass the test, but I still____.

A. hope so

B. hope to

C. hope it

D. hope that

12、The doctor did what he could ___ the boy, but in vain.

A. save

B. to save

C. saving

D. saved

13、—You look happy today, Mary.

—I like my new dress and Mother ___, too.

A. likes

B. does

C. is

D. do

14、—What happened to the boy? He was making so much noise.

—He wanted to play football, but his mother warned him ____.

A. not

B. to

C. not to

D./

15、____ for your brother, I would not have gone to see Mr. Wang.

A. If it is not

B. Were it not

C. Had it not been

D. If they were not

省略句练习

1. When first ________ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. (NMET 2004全国卷II)

A. introducing

B. introduced

C. introduce

D. being introduced

2. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ________ at the meeting by my boss. (NMET 2004全国卷IV)

A. questioning

B. having questioned

C. questioned

D. to be questioned

3. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction. (NMET 2003 安徽春)

A. seeing

B. having seen

C. to have seen

D. to see

4. Generally speaking, ________ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (NMET2003上海卷)

A. when taking

B. when taken

C. when to take

D. when to be taken

5. Unless ________ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (NMET 2003上海春)

A. invited

B. inviting

C. being invited

D. having invited

6. When ________ , the museum will be open to the public next year. (NMET 2002上海春)

A. completed

B. completing

C. being completed

D. to be completed

7. Though ________ money, his parents man-aged to send him to university. (NMET 2002上海卷)

A. lacked

B. lacking of

C. lacking

D. lacked in

8. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it. (NMET 2002)

A. begins

B. having begun

C. beginning

D. begun

9. —You 're always working. Come on, let's go shopping.

— ________ you ever want to do is going shopping. (NMET 2002北京、安徽、内蒙古春)

A. Anything

B. Something

C. All

D. That

10. Is this the reason ________ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?(NMET 2002上海春)

A. he explained

B. what he explained

C. how he explained

D. why he explained

11. What surprised me was not what he said but ________ he said it. (NMET 2004湖北卷)

A. the way

B. in the way that

C. in the way

D. the way which

12. It is easy to do the repair. ________ you need is a hammer and some nails. (NMET 2004天津卷)

A. Something

B. All

C. Both

D. Everything

13. That's an unpleasant thing to say about your father after ________ he's done for you. (NMET 2004全国卷)

A. something

B. anything

C. all

D. that

14. As you've never been there before, I'll have someone ________ you the way. (MET 1990上海卷)

A. to show

B. show

C. showing

D. showed

15. —I'll be away on a business trip. Would you mind looking after my cat?

—Not at all, ________ . (NMET 1995)

A. I have no time

B. I'd rather not

C. I'd like it

D. I'd be happy to

16. —Does your brother intend to study German?

—Yes, he intends ________ . (NMET 1998上海卷)

A. /

B. to

C. so

D. that

17. —Would you like to go to the Grand Theatre with me tonight?

— ________ . (NMET 1999上海卷)

A. Yes, I'd like to go to the Grand Theatre

B. I'd like to, but I have an exam tomorrow

C. No, I won't

D. That's right

18. —You should have thanked her before you left.

—I meant ________ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere. (NMET 2000北京春招卷)

A. to do

B. to

C. doing

D. doing to

19. ________ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. (NMET 1994上海卷)

A. Were

B. Should

C. Would

D. Will

20. ________ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. (NMET 1995上海卷)

A. If it is not

B. Were

C. Had it not been

D. If they were not

21. I will know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________ . (NMET 2004 江苏卷)

A. anyone

B. anyone else

C. no one

D. no one else

22. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither ________ any end to their influence on man's lives. (NMET 2004 广东卷)

A. there is

B. there are

C. is there

D. are there

23. —I would never come to this restaurant again. The food is terrible!

— ________ . (NMET 2004全国卷III)

A. Nor am I

B. Neither would I

C. Same with me

D. So do I

Keys:

1—5 BCDBA 6—10 AADCA 11—15 AACBD 16—20 BBBBC 21—23 BCB

高中英语语法讲义——名词

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高中英语语法大全

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高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

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1

Grammar —Adverbial Clause 方式状语地点状语时间状语 用从句形式当状语，即状语从句 (一)时间状语从句引导词 till, until A until B ： A 一直延续到 B 出现或发生就停止 I sleptuntilnoon. I didn ’ t go to bed until midnight. I entered the room until 6:30. I didn ’ t enter the room until 6:30. as soon as, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly no sooner ? than, hardly ? when, scarcely ? when(结合倒装句 ) before, after, 完成 +since( 自从 )+过去时间 --what was the party like? --Wonderful. It ’ s yearsI enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since

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英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible