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英语长难句

英语长难句
英语长难句

2018年9月12日星期二唐叔叔长难句

找句子主干?

第一步:找连词

从属连词

并列连词

前后并列相同关系

从后往前,找并列关系

第二步:找动词(一个句子可以没主语和宾语但是不能没有谓语动词)第三步:介词(介词结构,含to do)

1.做定语

2.做状语

3.作补语

一.Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation to arm themselves when

(negotiating for a raise).

When negotiating for a raise.====When they(some) are negotiating for a raise.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/582856190.html,pensation 补偿,赔偿; 修正; 补救办法

T:有些人利用搜索代理(them)去密切观察对于本行业的需求或去搜集有关于加薪的信息以备在加薪谈判时做好充分准备。

状语从句的省略

eg.When I was young,I could play football.

(1)前后主语一致,省略其从句的主语,所以省略I。

(2)从句的谓语动词be,所以谓语动词was可以被省略。

二.It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location,title,and salary,then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database.

T:它的特点是互动,让访问者输入求职要求,诸如工作地点,职位和薪水,然后,

当资料库里出现与个人要求想匹配的工作岗位时,它就会通过电子邮件通知求职者。

强调句(去掉后句子完整句意不发生改变)

三.When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service,for example,it includes only three potential jobs-those(potential jobs的同位语)[that]it considers the best matches. 当先行词在定语从句作为宾语时可以省略that,which。

eg.I love a girl who is beautiful. (做主语时,who不可以省略)

eg.I lost the book [that] I borrowed from L.(做宾语时,that可以省略) T:当求职网代理向注册服务的用户发送信息时,它只提供三个它认为最可能匹配的岗位。

四.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantages over Zodiac cars(over介词做状语) when customers thumb through their phone directories.

主语从句(去掉it is ... that后,句意会发生改变)

一般来说,it is +n/adv + that是强调句,it is +adj/v-ed + that是主语从句。

eg.It was recognized for the first time that food contained constituents.(主语从句)

T:人们早已知道在客户翻阅电话簿时,名叫AAAA的出租汽车公司要比Zodiac出租汽车公司有很大的优越性。

五.Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman.English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves

of the alphabet.

倒装句的判断:先找谓语动词,看之前的成分能否做主语(名词,代词,动名词,不定式,从句),如果不能,则为倒装句(形容词,副词,分词,介词)

T:至于在生活方面相比Zoe Zysman,Adam Abbott的优越性就不那么为人所知了。

六.One theory,dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged,is that the rot sets in early.

T:按字母表顺序排名靠后的人在享受闲暇时光时凭空想出的一种理论,认为这种倒霉事老早就开始了。

一个句子中只有一个谓语动词其他的动词只能作为非谓语动词修饰

前面的名词相当于省略的定语从句。

七.Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance.

T:这种行为被看作是”人之常情”,他潜在的假定就是其他的动物不可能有这种高度发达的不公平的意识.

同位语从句和定语从句区别:

eg.I have a piece of news to you that comes from Yale.(定语从句)

eg.I have a piece of news to you that you get an offer from Yale.(同位语从句)

内容上,定语从句起着修饰的作用,而同位语从句起着补充说明的作用.

结构上,定语从句不完整缺少成分,而同位语从句时一个完整的句子. 其他从句和定语从句区别:

eg.I believe that you can make it.宾语从句

eg.The fact is that god is a girl.表语从句

eg.That gad is a girl is obvious.主语从句

以上从句都是完整的.

八.However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers,so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.

T:当两只猴子被安置在隔开但相邻的两个房间里,能够互相看见对方

用石头还回来什么东西时,猴子的行为就变的明显不同.

九.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber,or refused to accept the slice of cucumber.

T:如果一只猴子根本无需用代币就能够得到一颗葡萄的话,那么另外一只就会将代币掷向研究人员或者扔出房间外,或者扔出拒绝接受那片黄瓜.

十.However,whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether its stems form the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago,is,as yet,an unanswered question.(两个并列的主语从句)

但是这种公平感是在卷尾猴和人类身上各自独立演化而成,还是来自三千五百万前他们共同的祖先,这还是一个悬而未决的问题.

十一.Many people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night,(主语是Many people)progressing toward happier ones before awakening,(主语是前面整个句子)suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day.

T:多数人似乎在晚上入睡的较早阶段做更多不好的梦,而在快睡醒前会逐渐做开心一点的梦,这说明人们在梦里渐渐克服了白天的不良情绪。

十二.As a linguist,he acknowledges that all varieties of human language,including non-standard ones like Black English,can be powerfully expressive---(‘---’起着连接句子的作用)there exists no language or dialect in the world that cannot convey complex ideas. T:迈赫特认为各种各样的人类语言,包括像黑人语言这样的非标准语言,都具有强大的表达力---世上没有传达不了的语言或方言。

十三.While even the modestly educated (the+adj表示泛指一类人) sought an elevated tone when they put pen to paper before the

1960s,even the most well regarded writing since then has sought to capture spoken English on the page.

T:在20世纪60年代以前,仅受过一般教育的人在下笔时都会寻求一种更高雅的语调;而那以后,即便是最受关注的文章也开始逮住口语就写在纸上.

十四.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world

are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,yet “some Americans fear that immigrant living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”

T:罗德里格斯写道,即使那些住在世界各地偏僻村庄的孩子们都是诸如阿诺.施瓦辛格和加斯.布鲁克斯等明星的星迷,然而“一些美国人却害怕住在美国的移民不知为何能不受这个国家的同化力量的影响”.

十五.People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere”.

T:人们被一种兴起于十九世纪百货商店的消费文化所吸引了,而这些百货商店在高雅的氛围中陈列着琳琅满目的商品。

十六.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture,(先行词是前面整个句子)which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous.

T:移民们很快就融入了这种共同文化,尽管这种情况并不能从总体上提升美国社会,但也算不对美国社会有害.

十七.The latest was a panel(专家) from the National Academy of Sciences,enlisted by the White House,to tell us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely

man-made.

T:最近的行动是由白宫召集了一批来自国家科学院的专家团,他们告诉我们,地球气候毫无疑问正在变暖,而且这个问题主要是人为造成的。

十八.Just as on smoking,voices now come from many quarters(方面) insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete,that it’s Ok to keep pouring fumes into the air until we know for sure.

T:就如吸烟问题一样,来自不同领域的声音坚持认为有关全球变暖的科学资料还不完整。在我们证实这件事之前可以向大气中不断的排放气体。

十九.But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future,and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning(prep 关于相当于about) the future consequences of present actions.

T:但是科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导,而且关键的是我们

的国家和整个的世界在做重要决策时,应该以科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来影响最好的判断作为依据/应该以最好的判断作为依据,而这个判断是科学能够提供的关于人类现在的行为对未来的影响。

二十.And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaway’s

Cottage,Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.

T:也有一些市镇居民很大程度上依靠游客生活,而这些游客不是来看戏剧的,而是游览安娜.海瑟薇的小屋,莎士比亚诞生地以及其他的风景。

二十一.It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor(with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.

T:当你想到作为他们摇钱树的莎士比亚,自己也是个演员,留着胡子,一起大吵大闹的时候,(会觉得)这真是一种绝妙的讽刺。

二十二.They all seem to look alike(though they come from all

over)---lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating

their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.

T:他们看起来都是一个样(虽然他们从各个地方而来)---消瘦,直率,专注的脸庞,(他们)穿着牛仔裤和便鞋,吃着小圆面包,在剧场外的石板上过夜,以便能买得到20张座票和80张站票,这些票都是为那些睡觉的人准备的,并且在票房第二天上午10点半开始售票时就卖给他们。

二十三.The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past.

T:这个观点认为,因为他们只是回顾从过去以来相对短的时间,所以人们没有观察到海洋中发生的大规模的变化。/这个观点认为,之所以人们没有观察得到海洋中发生的大规模的变化,是因为他们只是回顾从过去以来相对短的时间。

二十四.That matters(vi) because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes(vi) when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels.

T:这一点至关重要,因为该理论认为,只有当目标物种的数量保持在原始水平的50%左右的时候,一个渔场才能达到最大的可持续产量。

二十五.That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught ,so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes.

T: 那表示占更高比例的海洋生物被捕获,因此过去的数据和现在的数据之间的差别要比通过捕捉量的变化记录下来的差别更加大。

二十六.In other words,whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information.

T:换句话说,无论两个人在记忆的能力上可能存在怎样的天生差距,这些差异都会被每个人如何恰当地“解读”所记的信息所掩盖。

1.名从(主,宾) He does whatever she asks him to do.=anything

that/everything that

2.让步状语从句Whatever happens,don’t stop learning.=no matter what

引导让步状语从句时,常把n,adj,adv与whatever,however一起放在

句首,形成倒装。

Whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize,=two people may exhibit whatever inborn differences in their abilities to memorize,

eg.But however amazed our descendants may be at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.=But our descendants may be however amazed at how far from Utopia we were,they will look just like us.

T:无论我们的子孙后代是多么惊讶于我们距离乌托邦多么的遥远他

们看上去长的和我们一样。

二十七.It’s not obvious how the capacity to visualize objects and to figure out numerical patterns suits one to answer questions that have eluded some of the best poets and philosophers.

T:并不明显的是,具备想象物体形状和推断数字模型的能力的人,(并不见得)能回答出一些难倒了最优秀的诗人和哲学家的问题。

二十八.Superhigh scores like vos Savant’s are no longer possible,because scoring is now based on a statistical population distribution among age peers,rather than simply dividing the mental age by the chronological

age and multiplying by 100.

T:再也不可能出现像vos Savant那样的智力高分了,因为评分标准是根据同年龄中人口分布统计数据而测定,而不是简单用实际年龄去除心理年龄,再乘以100。

二十九.Sternberg notes that traditional tests best assess analytical and verbal skills but fail to measure creativity and practical

knowledge,components also critical to problem solving and life success. T:Sternberg认为传统的测试最能评定分析技能和语言技能,但却无法测定创造力和实际知识,而这些部分对解决问题和人生的成功也起着至关重要的作用。

eg.I love Beijing,a beautiful city.(同位语)

eg.(Such large,impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class),an element in national life(做shareholders as a class的同位语) representing(现在分词做后置定语修饰an element) irresponsible wealth detached from (过去分词做后置定语修饰wealth) the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from (过去分词做后置定语修饰wealth)the responsible management of business.

三十.Research has found that IQ predicted leadership skills when the tests were given under low-stress conditions,but under high-stress conditions,IQ was negatively correlated with leadership-that is,it predicted the opposite.

T:研究发现,如果在低压力状况下进行智商测试,那么这种测试就可以预测出领导才能的关系是否的,也就是说,它预测的结果是相反的。

三十一.As a result,they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setback---a back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick.

T:因此,他们已经失去了经济困难时曾有的保障,即预备挣钱人(通常是妈妈)一旦家中主要的挣钱人失业或者生病,可以加入劳动大军。

三十二.Steelworkers,airline employees,and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates,stock market fluctuation,and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money.

T:钢铁工人,航空公司的雇员,以及在汽车工业中就业的人,他们和

数百万的家庭一样,必须操心利率和股票市场的升降,担心他们的退休金不够用的严峻现实。

三十三.For much of the past year,President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a savings-account model,with retires trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns.

T:在过去的大部分时间中,布什总统推行改革,力图把社会保障制度变成储蓄账户的模式,让退休人员拿出大部分或所有的确定付款,以换取依赖于投资回报的付款。

独立主格

现在分词(非谓语动词)做状语

I finish my homework. I start to watch TV.

Finishing my homework,I start to watch TV.

当我完成我的工作时,我开始去看电视。

Tom finishes his homework. Lucy starts to watch TV.

(With) Tom finishing his homework(独立主格),Lucy starts to watch TV. eg.Well-developed skills,(all other factors being equal),can be the difference between having a job and not.

三十四.Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their worst accounting and compliance troubles,and improved their feeble corporation governance, a new problem threatens to earn

them---especially in America---the sort of nasty headlines that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite:data insecurity.

T:正当老板和董事会成员最终解决了极其严重的会计问题和有章不循的麻烦,并且改善了公司治理不力的局面,此时又出现了一个新的难题---数据安全。数据安全这一问题对他们---尤其是美国的老板和董事会成员---造成了威胁,对他们的负面报道会成为头条新闻,并会迫使管理层成员走人。

三十四.Lift,until now,to odd,low-level IT staff to put right,and seen as a concern only of data-rich industries such as banking,telecoms and air travel,information protection is now high on the boss’s agenda in businesses of every variety.

T:以前一直交由底层的it怪人处理并且被认为只受到数据丰富的产业如银行,电信和航空公司的关注,而现在信息保护却高居各行各业老板的议程表。

考研英语语法与长难句——徐磊教学内容

2014考研英语语法与长难句——徐磊 主讲:徐磊 一:动词四大词性:名词、动词、形容词、副词。 二:英语句子的基本结构:名词(n)+动词(v)+名词(n) 例如:我爱你! 三、各个词性在英语中使用的原则。 动词:句子的核心,有且只有一个。 名词:发出动作或者是动作的承受者。 形容词:修饰名词。 副词:修饰动词、形容词和副词。 例如:我爱你! ↑↑↑ 形容词副词形容词帅气的我十分爱温柔的你! ↑↑↑ 副词副词副词十分帅气的我十分爱非常温柔的你! 四、四大词性意义拓展 名词性:泛指一切等于名词的事物,传统语法中的主语和宾语。 动词性:泛指一切等于动词的事物,传统语法中的谓语。 形容词性:泛指一切等于形容词的事物,传统语法中的定语。 副词性:泛指一切等于副词的事物,传统语法中的状语。 精品文档

{名词本身,代词,数词 名词性:{其他词性变化得来:the+形容词(theold),todo,doing. {句子变名词:名词性从句(主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句)。 2、动词性:只有动词本身 {形容词本身 3、形容词性:{其他词性变化得来:介词+名词(withcare=careful), 动词+ing(interesting), 动词+ed(interested), To do,名词(babygirl)。 {句子变形容词:形容词性从句(定语从句)。 {副词本身。 4、副词性:{其他词性变化得来:介词+名词, 动词+ing, 动词+ed, To do. {句子变副词:副词性从句(状语从句)。 五、语序调整简单句:名词+动词+名词。修饰成分绝大多数后置,只有单个词做修饰成分时组要前置。 六、动词的十六大时态 精品文档

英语阅读长难句

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