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新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点精讲+练习

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Practice makes perfect! 新目标八年级上册英语语法知识点精讲+练习一一般将来时一般将来day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。

be going to do 动词原形结构表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。如 It is go will do 结构表示将来的用法

1. 表示预见

Do you think it will rain?

You will feel better after a good rest.

2. 表示意图

I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.

What will she do tomorrow?

基本构成如下

一般疑问句构成

1 will+主语+do?? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?

2 there be 结构的一般疑问句 Will there + be ??

Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t

否定句构成 will + not won’t +do

Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday.

特殊疑问句构成

特殊疑问词 will 主语 ? What will Sarah do next Sunday? ★★练一练★★ 根据例句用wi 例 I don’t feel well today. be better tomorrow

I’ll be better tomorrow.

1. Gina has six classes today. have a lot of homework tonight

_____________________________

2. I’m tired now. sleep later

_____________________________

3. My parents need a new car. buy one soon

_____________________________

4. We can’t leave right now. leave a little later

_____________________________

5. The weather is awful today. be better tomorrow

_____________________________

答案 1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight.

2. I’ll sleep later.

3. They’ll buy one soon.

4. We’ll leave a little later.

5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow. 二 should的用法 should用来提出建议和忠告后边我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。

She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.

她经常开车很少走路。所以我认为她应该多走路。

Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games.

学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。

学习向别人提建议的几种句式

1 I think you should?

2 Well, you could?

3 Maybe you should ?

4 Why don’t you??

5 What about doing sth.?

6 You’d better do sth.

★★练一练★★ 用should或shouldn’t填空

1. I can’t sleep the night before exams.

You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed.

2. Good friends ______ argue each other.

3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some.

4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier.

5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day.

答案 1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should 三过去进行时过去进行时表 1. 构成

was /were + doing 例如

I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night.

at 9 o’clock last night是时间点

They were playing football all afternoon.

all afternoon是时间段

2. 过去进行时的标志词

at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。例如

I was having lunch at home this time yesterday.

昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。

At that time she was writing a book.

那阵子她在写一本书。表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。 ★★练一练★★ 用括号中所给动

1. This time yesterday I ____ ______ read books.

2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______ have a party.

3. When I _____ come into the classroom, she ________ ______ read a storybook.

4. She _____ ______ play computer games while her mother ____ ______ cook yesterday aft

5. I _____ ______ have a shower when you _______ call me yesterday.

答案 1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading

4. was playing; was cooking

5. was having; called Practice makes perfect! 四间接引语形

1 不要逗号冒号引号

2 要考虑到人称的变化人称的变化与汉语是一致的

3 要考虑时态的变化

4 要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。

1. 直接引语变成间接引语时几个主要时态的变化规律

直接引语间接引语

一般现在时一般过去时

一般将来时过去将来时

现在进行时过去进行时

2. 直接引语变成间接引语时一些词汇的变化规律

直接引语

1. am / is

2. are

3. have / has

4. will

5. can

6. may

间接引语

1. was

2. were

3. had

4. would

5. could

6. might ★★练一练★★ 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

1. She said I _____ be hard-working.

2. Peter told me he _____ be bored yesterday.

3. She said she _____ go swimming last Sunday.

4. Bobby said he _____ may call me later.

5. Antonio told me he _____ read a book then.

答案 1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 请转述他人说的话

1. I go to the beach every Saturday. Tom

2. I can speak three languages. Lucy

3. I will call you tomorrow. Mike

4. I’m having a surprise party for Lana. she 五 if引导的条件状语从句结构 if 一般含义如果?? 将要??

例如 If you ask him, he will help you.

如果你请求他他会帮助你。

If need be, we’ll work all night.

如果需要我们就干个通宵。

★★练一练★★ 根据中文提示完成句子。

1. 如果你参加聚会你将会过得很开心。

If you ________ the party, you __________. Practice makes perfect! 2. 如果明天下雨我 If it __________ tomorrow, we ___________.

3. 如果你经常听英文歌你将会喜欢英语的。

If you often ________, you _________________.

答案

1. If you go to the party, you will have a good time

2. If it rains tomorrow, we won’t go to the picnic

3. If you often listen to English songs, you’ll like English

二. 完形填空特点及解题思路一题型分类与特点

完形填空试题是在给出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干个词留下一些空格要求考生借助短文保留的所给的短文整体出发在正确理解短文意思的基础上根据句子和句子间的内在联系、词的用法和习惯搭配当的词或词语填空使补全后的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。这种题型测试的内容从形式上看是单的填空但它必须注意到短文中上、下文意思连贯、词语搭配和语法结构正确所以在空格上所填的词必须适用和语法正确两条原则只考虑某一侧面都可能导致错误。中考中完形填空试题的基本题型分两类完形题和完形填空题。

1. 完形填空选择题该题型的特点是将一篇短文中若干词语抽掉留下空格对每一空格提供若干个选择生通读短文后在理解短文意思的基础上运用所学的词汇、句型、语法等语言知识从所提供的备选项中

最佳答案使短文内容完整正确。中考完形填空主要以这种题型为主。它所给的短文一般与初中英语教材难当字数在150 200个单词之内多数设置10个左右空格所设考点涉及词汇、语法及对短文内容的理解。第一句一般不设空以期提供一个语境对每一空格设置的选项基本都属于相同或对等的词类给判定选择的干扰侧重考查了考生准确运用词汇的能力及对短文的整体理解和逻辑推理能力。

2. 选词填空题该题型的特点是把抽出的词打乱顺序不按原文顺序排列放在短文前面或后面的方框增加几个文外的词要求考生从中选出适当的词以正确的形式填入短文空格内。

Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase 短语 “have a had an idea. “Grandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. “Of 复 the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher’s door. “May I teacher was very surprised, “Didn’t you 6 it just now? ”“Yes, sir. But I can’t be he understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn’t you say‘Ma The boy answered quickly 9 a loud voice. “But you only 10 us‘have a day off! ’”

1. A. but B. and C. or D. for

2. A. thought hardly

B. thought hard and hard

C. hard thought

D. thought and thought

3. A. Miss B. sir C. teacher D. Mr

4. A. strike B. best C. hit D. knock

5. A. also B. again C. too D. once

6. A. speak B. tell C. say D. do

7. A. tomorrow

B. the day after tomorrow

C. yesterday

D. the day before yesterday

8. A. laugh B. to laugh C. laughed D. laughing

9. A. with B. on C. in D. by Practice makes perfect! 10. A. teac

请根据内容从所给的15个单词中选出最恰当的10个填入空白处使短文完整有些词要根据需要作适当变化。

than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, for, A generation gap 代沟 has become a serious problem. I read a _______ 1 about it in t have killed _______ 2 after quarrels 争吵 with parents. I think this is _______ 3 they other. Parents now spend _______ 4 time in the office. _______ 5 they don’t have much ti time passes, they both feel _______ 6 they don’t have the same topics 话题 to talk about to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show y parents. They are the people who _______ 9 you. So tell them your thoughts 想法 . In thi _______ 10 of each other.

完形填空选择题的一般解题思路是 1. 跳过空格、通读全文、把握大意。先跳过空格通读试题所给脉、抓住主旨较好地把握短文大意。要在阅读理解短文意思的基础上才开始判定选择切忌仓促下笔。

2. 结合选项、综合考虑、初定答案。在理解全文意思的基础上再结合所给备选项细读全文联系上、注意从上、下文的语法结构和词语搭配及从选择项中寻找解题的提示以词、句的意义为先再从分析句子根据短文意思、语法规则、词语固定搭配等进行综合考虑对备选项逐一进行分析、比较和筛选排除干扰选定答案。

3. 瞻前顾后、先易后难、各个击破。动笔时要瞻前顾后、通篇考虑、先易后难。对比较明显直接的、自的答案先做一下子不能确定答案的先跳过这一空格继续往下做最后回过头来再集中精力解决难点。合已确定答案的选项再读一遍短文随着对短文理解的深入可以降低试题的难度提高选择的正确率。

4. 复读全文、逐空验证、弥补疏漏。完成各道题选择后把所选的答案代入原文再把全文通读一篇查。看所选定的答案是否使短文意思前后连贯、顺理成章语法结构是否正确是否符合习惯表达法。如发案或有疑问的应再次推敲、反复斟酌、做出修正。

完形填空试题的一般解题思路是

1. 跳过空格、通读短文、了解大意。解题时先跳过空格通读完形填空的短文了解全篇的内容和要旨

句善于以首句的时态、语气为立足点理清文脉推测全文主题及大意。

2. 复读短文、确定语义、判断词形。把握短文大意后再认真复读短文利用上下文的语境结合所学过确定空格处所需词语的意义再根据空格在句子中的位置判断其在句中充当的成分从而确定所填词的词据词语搭配和语法规则判断所填的词的正确形式。

3. 三读短文、上下参照、验证答案。在短文的每一空白处填上一个词后将完成的短文再细读一遍上贯思考。把所填的答案放入短文中进行检验可从上、下文内容是否协调一致、顺理成章语法结构是否正进行综合验证凡有疑问必须重新推敲考虑。

三课文阅读指导 1. 初中阅读

阅读理解能力

1 理解主旨要义

2 理解文中具体信息

3 根据上下文猜测生词的意义

4 做出简单判断的推理

5 理解文章的基本结构

6 理解作者的意图和态度 Practice makes perfect! 2. 培养良好阅读习惯

1 扩大视距

2 克服声读

3 克服逐字读

3. 猜测词文

1 通过标题或主题句进行预测

2 文章的标题或主题句可包括作者的意图和倾向、篇章的总体意义和深层意义因此通过文章标题行预测以便正确理解。

3 通过语篇标记进行预测

4 语篇标记包括关联词、转换词也包括其他关键词。

5 利用背景知识预测

6 利用图片进行预测

实战操练答题时间 80分钟一. 选择填空。

1. Beijing won the chances _________ the 2008 Olympics.

A. to host

B. host

C. hosting

D. hosted

2. Tiger Woods can make billions ______ dollars a year.

A. for

B. with

C. of

D. on

3. You looked so beautiful at the party.

_______.

A. No, I don’t think so

B. Of course

C. Thank you very much

D. No, I’m not beautiful

4. The text is very easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a few

B. a little

C. few

D. little

5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper ________ “Who Moved My cheese”was

A. that

B. what

C. how

D. if

6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.

I don’t agree. Speaking is _______ reading.

A. as important as

B. so important as

C. the more important

D. the most important

7. If he ________ harder, he’ll catch up with us.

A. work

B. works

C. worked

D. will work

8. The manager ________ that the business would be worse after the stock 股票 went

A. talked

B. told

C. said

D. spoke

9. We should keep _________ in the reading-room.

A. quiet

B. quietly

C. quite

D. quickly

10. I think everything goes on well.

_______.

A. So I do

B. I do so

C. So do I

D. So is I

11. If you want to watch TV, you may turn _______.

A. down

B. it on

C. on it

D. it off

12. I’m sorry I haven’t got any money. I’ve ________ my handbag at home.

A. missed

B. left

C. put

D. forgotten Practice makes perfect! 13. He is listen

A. after

B. before

C. that

D. while

14. It takes ________ time to go to Beijing by plane than by train.

A. more

B. fewer

C. longer

D. less

15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?

Sorry, I haven’t. Why _______ you ask Mary? Perhaps she’s got one.

A. do

B. don’t

C. did

D. didn’t

二. 选择恰当的答语。

_____1. What were you doing when the UFO landed? A. Your teacher won’t let you in.

_____2. Will people use paper B. He said I couldn’t stay out late.

money in the future?

_____3. I can’t sleep, what should I do? C. I was doing my homework.

_____4. If I wear jeans to school, D. No, they won’t. Everyone

what will happen? will have a credit card.

_____5. What did your father say? E. You should listen to some

relaxing music.

三. 根据汉语提示填空

1. 不知道该怎么办你能给我点建议吗

I don’t know __________ to do, can you give me some _______?

2. 外星人正在买纪念品的时候我给警察打了个电话。

While the alien was _______ a souvenir, I ________ the police.

3. 我放学回家的路上看见一只猫从窗户里跑了出来。

On my way home from school, I saw a cat get ________ _______ a window.

4. 我不想在电话里跟你谈论这件事情。

I don’t want to talk _________ it with you _________ the phone.

5. 我们要在周五晚上为约翰举办一个惊喜的晚会。

We are going to have a _______ party for John ________ Friday evening.

四. 完形填空

把下面五个句子放在文章中的恰当位置使文章完整。

Three men went up in a balloon 气球 . They started early in London. The headman was Ted Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They were carrying the usual rope 绳子 , a the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold 2 . It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.

After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 metres, and 3 . The w Snow fell past the men’s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. 4 , but it w icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still fallin bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.

At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland heavily but safely kilometres from London!

A. The men tried to throw out some more sand

B. they were able to change its weight 重量

C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.

D. they climbed to get away from the snow

E. the air there was very cold Practice makes perfect!

五. 阅读理解

Einstein Was Waiting for His Friend

Once Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a ob

rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket paper was wet and then he knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he forgot he was standing in the rain again.

Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful wi

1. What did Einstein do? He was ______.

A. a doctor

B. a teacher

C. a scientist

2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.

A. Because he was writing something on the bridge.

B. Because he was waiting for a friend.

C. Because he was thinking.

3. It rained _________.

A. sometimes

B. for some time

C. for a long time

4. Einstein ________ and began to write something on it.

A. bought a piece of paper.

B. took a piece of paper from his car.

C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.

5. Which is true?

A. Einstein was careful with his work.

B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.

C. Einstein was careful with his friends.

生活中总会有许多意外事故发生懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。请阅读下面材料根据1 5小题所描方法从A-G七幅图中找出与题意相应的图画本题共有七幅图你只能选五幅图多选不给分。

1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.

2. If the person is bleeding 流血 badly, you must try to stop the bleeding. Press on the cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.

3. If you are bitten cut by teeth by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. C with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possible.

4. If you are burnt hurt by fire or something very hot , cool the burnt part at once. Ru until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.

5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it’s very dangerous. The the stairs and leave the building at once. 1. _____2. _____3. _____4. _____5. _____

Here are some pictures to choose. Practice makes perfect!

六. 写作

从下列2封来信中选择一封写回信。

Dear friend,

There will be a party this weekend. All my friends are invited to the party except me. I they didn’t invite me! What do you think? Can you help me?

Upset

Dear friend,

I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad. Yesterday I had an English te want to improve my English. What should I do? Could you give me some advice?

Looking for help

Dear _______,

_____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

【试题答案】

A 1. A 2. D 3.

B 4. D 5. B

6. C

7. B

8. D

9. C 10. B

B 1. report 2. themselves 3. because

4. much / more

5. So

6. that

7. tell

8. to 9. love 10. understanding

参考练习答案

一. 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. D

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. A 10. C

11. B 12. B 13. D 14. D 15. B

二. 1. C 2. D 3. E 4. A 5. B

三. 1. what, advice 2. buying, called

3. out, of

4. about, on

5. surprise, on Practice makes perfect! 四. 1. C 2. B 3. E 4.

五. A 1. C 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. A

B 1.

C 2. B 3. F 4. G 5. E

般将来时一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。通常与表示将来的时间状语连用如tomorrow, 的事情。如 It is going to rain.

★★ 根据例句用will改写下列各句

提出建议和忠告后边加动词原形否定句直接在should后边加not. Practice makes perfect! 例如 I think you

时过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。

练★★ 用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。

storybook.

cook yesterday afternoon.

t! 四间接引语形成步骤

从句结构 if 一般现在时主语将来时 2. 如果明天下雨我们将不去野餐。

求考生借助短文保留的部分从

、词的用法和习惯搭配等用适

的内容从形式上看是单词或短语

在空格上所填的词必须符合语义

基本题型分两类完形填空选择

一空格提供若干个选择项要求考

从所提供的备选项中选出一个

一般与初中英语教材难易程度相

及对短文内容的理解。短文的

等的词类给判定选择带来一定

短文前面或后面的方框内有时还

se 短语 “have a day off”. He 2 , then he the teacher. “Of course, you can. ”replied 答er’s door. “May I have a day off 5 ? ”The

But I can’t be here 7 , either. ”The teacher didn’t you say‘May I have two days off? ’”

e a day off! ’”