大学英语四级复习资料
大学英语四级复习资料
英语四级复习资料1(2006-12-11 15:58:34) 分类：大学英语四六级复习资料
大学英语四级复习材料
四级考前要看的近义词组
1、abandon，desert，forsake，quit都含有一定的"放弃"之意
abandon 指完全、永远地放弃,尤指对之负有责任或义务者,放弃一个项目或计划
desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)
forsake 指遗弃以前所爱的人或事物,着重于断绝情感上的依恋
eg．forsake one's wife and children遗弃妻儿;
forsake bad habits摈弃坏习惯
quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃,现一般指"停止"
eg.quit work停止工作
2、accessory，decoration，ornament 都含有一定的"装饰品"之意
accessory [常作pl.]指(女性的)装饰品,(手提包,些,手套,帽子,项链,耳环等)
decoration 指为了装饰某物所使用的艳丽好看的装饰品
ornament 指一般装饰品(ornament在作动词时常可和decorate互换)
3、accomplish，complete，end，finish 都含有"完成"之意
accomplish 指成功地完成预期的计划或达到预期的目的或成果
complete 指完成一件指派或预定的任务，或完善、完整未完成的部分
end 指一个动作或一件事情的结束或终止
finish 指把一件事或一个动作做完，强调事情的了结、终止
4、accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意
accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性
correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误
delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的
exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差
precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义
5、accuse，charge，indict都含有一定的"指控,控告"之意
accuse accuse sb. of doing sth.为…指责某人,控告某人
charge charge sb. with doing sth.指控某人…
6、achieve,acquire,attain,gain,obtain都含有一定的"获得,达到"之意
achieve 强调由于极大的努力,克服困难后达到目标
acquire 指经过不懈努力才获得的技术,知识等抽象的东西,也指养成习惯等
attain 正式用语,指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地
gain 指需要做出比obtain更大的努力,往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西
obtain 指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间儿得到所需要的东西
7、acknowledge,admit,concede,confess,recognize都含有一定的"承认"之意
acknowledge 着重”公开承认”,常用来指过去曾隐瞒或否认的事
admit 是指在压力下不得不承认已经证实或难以否认的事实,供认(事实,错误等)
concede (不情愿地)承认,(在结果确定前)承认失败
confess 着重承认自己的过错或罪恶
recognize 指正式承认主权、权利等
8、affirm，assert，allege，claim都含有一定的"宣称，断言"之意
affirm 断言,肯定,指根据事实坚定不移地宣称,有无可争辩之意
assert 宣称,坚持,指不管事实如何,主观自信地宣称allege 宣称,断定,指在无真实凭据情况下宣称,硬说claim 声称,主张,往往表示说话者反对或不同意某
一观点
英语四级复习资料2(2006-12-11 16:02:10) 分类：大学英语四六级复习资料
征服大学英语四级考试（阅读篇）
（一）存在问题
第一，读不懂
所谓读不懂，就是考生拿过文章，满头雾水，即使硬着头皮读文章，也是一知半解。然后匆忙做体，仅凭感觉去蒙，因此做体准确率必然不高。
第二，读不快
读不快表现为，文章读完了，题也做完了，但往往是比考试要求多用15乃至20多分钟的时间。于是影响了其他问题的有效解答。匆忙起笔，必然影响整个四级的考试成绩。
第三，做不对
就是虽然文章也读懂了，但是一做题就错。
（二）解决办法
第一、掌握正确的阅读方法
考生平时阅读一般会采取良种阅读方法。一种是先看文章后看问题；另一种是先看问题，带着问题读文章。那么究竟哪一种方法比较好呢？笔者认为还是先看问题后读文章比较好。原因在于，先看问题，你可以熟悉出题人的出题角度。并且有题干，你可以划出题干的关键词，特别是四级考试中有一类题目属于“指代题或词汇题”，如下所示：
（一）词汇题
显著问法：the word “XXXX”(line X, part X) most probably means?
（二）指代题
显著问法：
1.代词指代：the pronoun“it/those/that/them”(line X, part X) refers to ?
2.名词指代：the word “XXXX”(line X, part X) refers to ?
先看问题后刊文章的好处就在于，可以通过问题先把上述“核心词”在原文中划出，然后再读文章的过程中，一旦独到，注意历史高度集中的，这样有助于提高做题的准确性。由此得出正确的阅读方法就是“五步阅读法”：
第一步，扫描题干抓关键。
即首先看选项，划出题干中的的关键词。题干关键词包括：数字、人名地名、专有名词、引号里的词语等等。
第二步，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意标重点。
即快速浏览文章。在快速浏览文章的时候，不需要每一个单词和句子都读得懂，没有时间也没有这个必要。在第二步的过程中，考生们所要做的就是首先弄清楚这篇文章的中心思想是什么；其次，用笔在试卷上面标记出考试要考的重点。那么很多考生就会问，如何把握文章的主旨大意，如何标记文章的重点呢？解答如下：
首先，把握文章的主旨大意。
要解决这个问题，需要分两步走。第一步，仔细阅读文章的首末段的首末句。因为英语文章段落结构上面我已经讲过。此外，西方人说话向来喜欢开门见山。所以英语文章段落70%都是一上来交待作者的写作目的或意图。第二步，要仔细阅读其他个段落的首句。然后把这两步综合起来，英语文章的主旨大意就可以把握住。
其次，如何标注文章的重点。英语文章的重点主要有以下几点：
1．强转折：通常由“but, yet, however”引导。因为转折的作用一般来说是对前面的否定，对后面的肯定，因此转折词后面引导的成分往往是出题人容易出题的地方。特别是在文章中出现but。
2.比较处：通常形式为“more/less---than---”。比较的作用在于通过比较突出某一点。比如more A than B的结构中，很显然是强调A，那么考生直接在A处划线，重点关注A就可以了。以此类推，less A than B，很显然是强调B，那么就直接在B处化线。它们是出题人喜欢出题的地方。
3.主旨句、主题句。这两个概念在上面写作部分我已经讲过。因为他们是高度概括性的句子，直接反映出作者的写作目的和意图，因此也是出题人的出题点。
另外还有因果句、特殊以文具、独立成段句、长难句乃至特殊标点符号等，都是需要考生在第一遍阅读时候，要划出的重点。
第一部分、语法讲义
2003年6月的四级考试题型变革，把长期以来作为重点考查的语法减至一题。非谓语动词、虚拟语气、关系代词、时态语态等等这些长期以来考点已经被打入冷宫。之后的考试语法题基本消失。我们在配置自
己的有限备考时间也应有所调整。
语法之于英语学习的重要性实际上并没有如何降低，在语言知识运用（完形填空等）、作文、阅读长难句分析方面起到的作用是不可替代的。因此我们要抓住复习的重点，集中突破在各个题型最容易出问题的语法点。
该部分将主要结合阅读理解长难句分析来快速掌握语法的精髓。很多时候，我们准确定位之后，由于和问题相关的句子长、难，造成最终理解错误而选错答案，这非常可惜，连前面定位的时间都浪费了。能
否快速有效的抓住定位句子的主干大意和次要细节实际已经成为阅读分数高低的一个关键问题。
第一节、解决四级英语长难句的意义
1、阅读，抓不住句子重点，在一个句子上浪费太多时间。最后根据不完整的理解，碰运气乱猜答案。
2、翻译，提笔不知从哪里下手；胡乱写几行，卷面乱，不知所云，影响印象分。
（一）长难句到底难在哪里？--几句废话般的常识。
1）结构复杂，逻辑层次多;
2）单词意思常需根据上下文判断;
3）代词的指代关系复杂;
4）并列成分多;
5）修饰语多，特别是后置定语很长;
6）习惯搭配。
注：以上情况有可能单独出现，更多是“团伙作案”。
（二）长难句的破解的几个基本要点
·把握规律（按照所讲的基本方法）
·充分利用现有语法、词汇知识，提高知识的产出效率。
·破解核心是化繁为简，化难为易。
（三）长难句解决的具体步骤
1、抓主干
2、理顺主从句子关系。
（四）分析句子成分的详细过程
1）找出全句主谓宾或主系表，即句子的主干;
2）找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语结构、介词短语和从句的引导词;
3）分析从句和短语的功能，例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句或状语从句等;以及词，短语和从句之间的关系;
4）分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配、插入语等其他成分大学英语四级经典词组
word for word逐字的
a series of一系列,一连串
above all首先,尤其是
after all毕竟,究竟
ahead of在...之前
ahead of time提前
all at once突然,同时
all but几乎;除了...都
all of a sudden突然
all over遍及
all over again再一次,重新
all the time一直,始终
all the same仍然,照样的
as regards关于,至于
anything but根本不
as a matter of fact实际上
apart from除...外(有/无)
as a rule通常,照例
as a result(of)因此,由于
as far as...be concerned就...而言as far as远至,到...程度
as for至于,关于
as follows如下
as if好像,仿怫
as good as和...几乎一样
as usual像平常一样,照例
look after照顾，照看
look ahead向前看
look forward to盼望
look in顺便来访
look at考虑
look back回头看
look down on/upon看不起
look for寻找
look on观看
look out注意
look over把......看一遍
look thrrough浏览
look to照看
look up好转
as to至于,关于
all right令人满意的;可以
as well同样,也,还
as well as除...外(也),即...又aside from除...外(还有)
at a loss茫然,不知所措
at a time一次,每次
at all丝毫(不),一点也不
at all costs不惜一切代价
at all events不管怎样,无论如何at all times随时,总是
at any rate无论如何,至少
at best充其量,至多
at first最初,起先
at first sight乍一看,初看起来at hand在手边,在附近
at heart内心里,本质上
at home在家,在国内
at intervals不时,每隔...
at large大多数,未被捕获的
at least至少
at last终于
at length最终,终于
at most至多,不超过
at no time从不,决不
by accident偶然
at one time曾经,一度;同时
at present目前,现在
at sb's disposal任...处理
at the cost of以...为代价
at the mercy of任凭...摆布at the moment此刻,目前
at this rate照此速度
at times有时,间或
back and forth来回地,反复地back of在...后面
before long不久以后
beside point离题的,不相干的beyond question毫无疑问
by air通过航空途径
by all means尽一切办法,务必
by and by不久,迟早
by chance偶然,碰巧
by far最,...得多
by hand用手,用体力
by itself自动地,独自地
by means of用,依靠
by mistake错误地,无意地
by no means决不,并没有
by oneself单独地,独自地
by reason of由于
by the way顺便说说
by virtue of借助,由于
by way of经由,通过...方法
due to由于,因为
each other互相
even if/though即使,虽然
ever so非常,极其
every now and then时而,偶尔every other每隔一个的
except for除了...外
face to face面对面地
far from远非,远离
for ever永远
for good永久地
for the better好转
for the moment暂时,目前
for the present暂时,目前
for the sake of为了,为了...的利益for the time being暂时,眼下from time to time有时,不时hand in hand手拉手,密切关联head on迎面地,正面的
heart and soul全心全意地
how about...怎么样
in a hurry匆忙,急于
in case of假如,防备
in a moment立刻,一会儿
in a sense从某种意义上说
in a way在某种程度上
in a word简言之,总之
in accordance with与...一致,按照in addition另外,加之
in addition to除...之外(还)
in advance预先,事先
in all总共,合计
in any case无论如何
in any event无论如何
in brief简单地说
in charge of负责,总管
in common共用的,共有的
in consequence(of)因此;由于
in debt欠债,欠情
in detail详细地
in difficulty处境困难
in effect实际上,事实上
in general一般来说,大体上
in favor of支持,赞成
in front of面对,在...前
in half成两半
in hand在进行中,待办理
in honor of为庆祝,为纪念
in itself本质上,就其本身而言
in line with与...一致
in memory of纪念
in no case决不
in no time立即,马上
in no way决不
in order按顺序,按次序
in other words换句话说
in part部分地
in particular特别,尤其
in person亲自,本人
in place在合适的位置
in place of代替,取代,交换
in practice在实践中,实际上
in proportion to与...成比例
in public公开地,当众
in quantity大量
in question正在谈论的
in regard to关于,至于
in relation to关于,涉及
in return作为报答/回报/交换in return for作为对...报答
in short简言之,总之
in sight被见到;在望
in spite of尽管
in step齐步,合拍
in step with与...一致/协调
in tears流着泪,在哭着
in the course of在...期间/过程中in the distance在远处
in the end最后,终于
in the event of如果...发生,万一
in the face of即使;在...面前
in the first place首先
in the future在未来
in the least丝毫,一点
in(the)light of鉴于,由于
in the way挡道
in the world究竟,到底
in time及时
in touch联系,接触
in turn依次,轮流;转而
in vain徒劳,白费力
instead of代替,而不是
just now眼下;刚才
little by little逐渐地
lots of许多
many a许多
more or less或多或少,有点
next door隔壁的,在隔壁
no doubt无疑地
no less than不少于...;不亚于...
no longer不再
no more不再
no more than至多,同...一样不none other than不是别的,正是
on one's guard警惕,提防
nothing but只有,只不过
now and then时而,偶尔
off and on断断续续,间歇地
off duty下班
on a large/small scale大/小规模地on account of由于
on(an/the)average平均,通常
on behalf of代表
on board在船(车/飞机)上
on business因公
on condition that如果
on duty上班,值班
on earth究竟,到底
on fire起火着火
on foot步行,
on guard站岗,值班
on hand在场,在手边
on occasion(s)有时,间或
on one's own独立,独自
on purpose故意地
on sale出售,廉价出售
on schedule按时间表,准时
on second thoughts经重新考虑
on the contrary正相反
on the grounds of根据,以...为由on(the)one hand一方面
on the other hand另一方面
on the point of即将...的时刻
on the road在旅途中
on the side作为兼职/副业
on the spot在场;马上
on the whole总的来说,大体上
on time准时
once again再一次
once(and)for all一劳永逸地
once in a while偶尔
once more再一次
once upon a time从前
one another相互
or else否则,要不然
or so大约,左右
other than非;除了
out of从...中;由于;缺乏
out of breath喘不过气来
out of control失去控制
out of date过时的
out of doors在户外
out of order出故障的
out of place不适当的
out of practice久不练习,荒疏
out of sight看不见,在视野外
out of the question毫无可能的out of touch不联系,不接触
over and over(again)一再地,再三地prior at在...之前
quite a few相当多,不少rather than不是...(而是)
regardless of不顾,不惜
right away立即,马上
side by side肩并肩,一起
so far迄今为止
sooner or later迟早,早晚
step by step逐步地
such as例如,诸如
thanks to由于,多亏
that is(to say)就是说,即
to the point切中要害,切题
under control处于控制之下
under the circumstances这种情况下
up to date在进行中
up to多达;直到;胜任;取决于
what if切合目前情况的
what about怎么样
with respect to如果...将怎么样
with regard to关于,至于
without question关于,至于,
with the exception of除...之外
without question毫无疑问
发布时间：2007-7-4 浏览次数：2322
（发布时间：2007-9-12 10:40:00来自：）大学英语四级复习资料
word for word逐字的
a series of一系列,一连串
above all首先,尤其是
after all毕竟,究竟
ahead of在...之前
ahead of time提前
all at once突然,同时
all but几乎;除了...都
all of a sudden突然
all over遍及
all over again再一次,重新
all the time一直,始终
all the same仍然,照样的
as regards关于,至于
anything but根本不
as a matter of fact实际上
apart from除...外(有/无)
as a rule通常,照例
as a result(of)因此,由于
as far as...be concerned就...而言as far as远至,到...程度
as for至于,关于
as follows如下
as if好像,仿怫
as good as和...几乎一样
as usual像平常一样,照例
look after照顾，照看
look ahead向前看
look forward to盼望
look in顺便来访
look at考虑
look back回头看
look down on/upon看不起
look for寻找
look on观看
look out注意
look over把......看一遍
look thrrough浏览
look to照看
look up好转
as to至于,关于
all right令人满意的;可以
as well同样,也,还
as well as除...外(也),即...又
aside from除...外(还有)
at a loss茫然,不知所措
at a time一次,每次
at all丝毫(不),一点也不
at all costs不惜一切代价
at all events不管怎样,无论如何
at all times随时,总是
at any rate无论如何,至少
at best充其量,至多
at first最初,起先
at first sight乍一看,初看起来
at hand在手边,在附近
at heart内心里,本质上
at home在家,在国内
at intervals不时,每隔...
at large大多数,未被捕获的
at least至少
at last终于
at length最终,终于
at most至多,不超过
at no time从不,决不by accident偶然
at one time曾经,一度;同时
at present目前,现在
at sb's disposal任...处理
at the cost of以...为代价
at the mercy of任凭...摆布
at the moment此刻,目前
at this rate照此速度
at times有时,间或
back and forth来回地,反复地back of在...后面
before long不久以后
beside point离题的,不相干的beyond question毫无疑问
by air通过航空途径
by all means尽一切办法,务必
by and by不久,迟早
by chance偶然,碰巧
by far最,...得多
by hand用手,用体力
by itself自动地,独自地
by means of用,依靠
by mistake错误地,无意地
by no means决不,并没有
by oneself单独地,独自地
by reason of由于
by the way顺便说说
by virtue of借助,由于
by way of经由,通过...方法
due to由于,因为
each other互相
even if/though即使,虽然
ever so非常,极其
every now and then时而,偶尔every other每隔一个的
except for除了...外
face to face面对面地
far from远非,远离
for ever永远
for good永久地
for the better好转
for the moment暂时,目前
for the present暂时,目前
for the sake of为了,为了...的利益for the time being暂时,眼下from time to time有时,不时
hand in hand手拉手,密切关联head on迎面地,正面的
heart and soul全心全意地
how about...怎么样
in a hurry匆忙,急于
in case of假如,防备
in a moment立刻,一会儿
in a sense从某种意义上说
in a way在某种程度上
in a word简言之,总之
in accordance with与...一致,按照in addition另外,加之
in addition to除...之外(还)
in advance预先,事先
in all总共,合计
in any case无论如何
in any event无论如何
in brief简单地说
in charge of负责,总管
in common共用的,共有的
in consequence(of)因此;由于
in debt欠债,欠情
in detail详细地
in difficulty处境困难
in effect实际上,事实上
in general一般来说,大体上
in favor of支持,赞成
in front of面对,在...前
in half成两半
in hand在进行中,待办理
in honor of为庆祝,为纪念
in itself本质上,就其本身而言
in line with与...一致
in memory of纪念
in no case决不
in no time立即,马上
in no way决不
in order按顺序,按次序
in other words换句话说
in part部分地
in particular特别,尤其
in person亲自,本人
in place在合适的位置
in place of代替,取代,交换
in practice在实践中,实际上
in proportion to与...成比例in public公开地,当众
in quantity大量
in question正在谈论的
in regard to关于,至于
in relation to关于,涉及
in return作为报答/回报/交换
in return for作为对...报答
in short简言之,总之
in sight被见到;在望
in spite of尽管
in step齐步,合拍
in step with与...一致/协调
in tears流着泪,在哭着
in the course of在...期间/过程中in the distance在远处
in the end最后,终于
in the event of如果...发生,万一in the face of即使;在...面前
in the first place首先
in the future在未来
in the least丝毫,一点
in(the)light of鉴于,由于
in the way挡道
in the world究竟,到底
in time及时
in touch联系,接触
in turn依次,轮流;转而
in vain徒劳,白费力
instead of代替,而不是
just now眼下;刚才
little by little逐渐地
lots of许多
many a许多
more or less或多或少,有点
next door隔壁的,在隔壁
no doubt无疑地
no less than不少于...;不亚于...
no longer不再
no more不再
no more than至多,同...一样不none other than不是别的,正是
on one's guard警惕,提防nothing but只有,只不过
now and then时而,偶尔
off and on断断续续,间歇地
off duty下班
on a large/small scale大/小规模地on account of由于
on(an/the)average平均,通常
on behalf of代表
on board在船(车/飞机)上
on business因公
on condition that如果
on duty上班,值班
on earth究竟,到底
on fire起火着火
on foot步行,
on guard站岗,值班
on hand在场,在手边
on occasion(s)有时,间或
on one's own独立,独自
on purpose故意地
on sale出售,廉价出售
on schedule按时间表,准时
on second thoughts经重新考虑
on the contrary正相反
on the grounds of根据,以...为由on(the)one hand一方面
on the other hand另一方面
on the point of即将...的时刻
on the road在旅途中
on the side作为兼职/副业
on the spot在场;马上
on the whole总的来说,大体上
on time准时
once again再一次
once(and)for all一劳永逸地
once in a while偶尔
once more再一次
once upon a time从前
one another相互
or else否则,要不然
or so大约,左右
other than非;除了
out of从...中;由于;缺乏
out of breath喘不过气来
out of control失去控制
out of date过时的
out of doors在户外
out of order出故障的
out of place不适当的
out of practice久不练习,荒疏out of sight看不见,在视野外
out of the question毫无可能的
out of touch不联系,不接触
over and over(again)一再地,再三地
prior at在...之前
quite a few相当多,不少
rather than不是...(而是)
regardless of不顾,不惜
right away立即,马上
side by side肩并肩,一起
so far迄今为止
sooner or later迟早,早晚
step by step逐步地
such as例如,诸如
thanks to由于,多亏
that is(to say)就是说,即
to the point切中要害,切题
under control处于控制之下
under the circumstances这种情况下
up to date在进行中
up to多达;直到;胜任;取决于
what if切合目前情况的
what about怎么样
with respect to如果...将怎么样
with regard to关于,至于
without question关于,至于,
with the exception of除...之外
without question毫无疑问
201. It doesn't follow that one should abandon a workable plan simply because of minor setbacks . So doing would quite frankly be foolish .
一个人不能因为几个小挫折就放弃一个可行的计划。这样做的确很愚蠢。
202. One corrupt politician does not suggest that all politicians are bad . Any such presumption is totally misguided .
有一个腐败的政府官员不能说明所有的政府官员都是坏的。这样的假设完全是被误导的。
203. Don't get the idea that money grows on trees , or that there's such a thing as a free ride .
不要以为钱长在树上，也不要以为有免费的午餐。
204. Along with interest in music comes a greater awareness of culture .
伴随着对音乐的兴趣的是对文化更清晰的认识。
205. It's not that I don't want to be rich and famous . Obviously I do , but just haven't as yet found the way to get there .
并不是我不想致富成名。我当然想，但是还没有找到致富成名的途径。
206. If the claims of the other side prove true , we may be forced to alter our position .
如果对方的主张被证明是正确的，我们可能被迫要改变我们的立场。
207. The urgent need for nuclear nonprolifeation is undeniable . Moreover , failure to halt the spread of weapons of mass destruction increases the chance for nuclear holocaust .
防止核扩散的紧迫性是不可否认的。此外，制止大规模杀伤性武器扩散的失败增加了核毁灭的可能性。
208. Having recognized the problem , it follows that we must develop a plan of action .
意识到了问题，接下去我们必须制定行动计划。
209. Governments have reached a consensus on the need for peace and it follows that actions speak louder than words .
政府一致同意和平的必要性，接下去就是行动胜于语言了。
210. The convincing proof that smoking causes cancer has failed to convince hundreds of millions of people to abandon the vile habit .
抽烟致癌的有力证据没能说服数百万人改掉这一恶习。
211. Traffic laws are of little use if drivers simply ignore them and law enforcement departments fail to adopt effective enforcement programs .
如果司机完全无视交通法，法律实施部门不能采取有效的实施程序，交通法就没有一点儿作用。
212. Agricultural modernization cannot be achieved unless the government substantially increases funding ; farmers accept advanced agronomic techniques ; and consumers engaged in a concerted effort to reduce unnecessary and exorbitant waste .
除非政府大幅度地增加投资；农民接受高级的农业技术；消费者共同努力减少不必要的过度的浪费，农业现代化就不能实现。
213. Effective flood control is not only necessary , but is also essential for protecting the lives of millions of Chinese citizens .
有效地控制洪水不仅是必要的，而且对保护数百万中国公民的生命来说是必不可少
214. Simple expressions of indignation are no substitute for meaningful actions to right a wrong .
仅仅表示愤慨不能取代改正错误的有意义的行动。
215. Even modest increases in education allocations are better than none .
甚至对教育拨款的适度增加都比不增加好。
216. The slightest miscalculations in trajectory can spell doom for a successful space mission .
对轨道的细小的计算错误可以意味着对成功的太空任务的灭顶之灾。
217. Anyone with one eye and half sense ( common sense 、knows that good prevails over evil .
任何一个有一只眼睛和一半判断力（常识）的人都知道邪不压正。
218. It is impossible to reach appropriate conclusions without access to relevant information .
没有相关的信息不可能得出相关的结论。
219. The fact remains that the consequences of drug misuse and abuse can be devastating upon the entire community .
实际情况仍然是误用和滥用药物的后果对整个社会都会是破坏性的。
220. Respect is given where respect is due .
尊敬只给予值得尊敬的人。
221. It really doesn't matter whether a cat is black or white , but instead whether or not it can catch the mouse . 猫是黑是白真的不重要，重要的是它是不是能抓老鼠。
222. Whatever the outcome , we must resolutely proceed with our odjective .
无论结果如何，我们必须坚定地继续为目标而努力。
223. However great the will to achieve , and however great the demand to succeed , one should never abandon his/her moral and social consciousness .
无论成功的决心多么坚定，成功的要求多么强烈，一个人永远不能丧失他/她的道德和社会觉悟。
224. However pressing the need and urgency of the problem one should not proceed without a plausible plan . 无论需要多么紧迫，问题多么紧急，一个人不能没有看似有理的计划就开始行动。
225. Pising crime is often cited as a prime example of mounting social decay .
犯罪的上升经常被当作越来越严重的社会倒退的主要例子。
转贴于：CET-4考试_考试大
◆◇词汇的考查重点
1、动词，名词与介词的搭配如：popular／patient＋with；yield／solution／adapt／transfer／access＋to；accuse／require＋of；charge＋for；under＋discussion等等。
2、习惯用法如：confess to／set about／be used to ＋doing；
be supposed to／have／make sb．＋do等。
3、由同一动词构成的短语如：come，go，set，break 等构成的短语。
4、单个的动词，抽象名词，形容词和副词多以近义词、同义词的形式出现。
5、介词短语在句中作状语如：in terms of；with the exception of；in vain等，另外还应注意rather than，other than，such as，none／nothing＋but等词在考题中的出现。
6、近年来考题中的新趋势为：若干考点混合出现：一些交际用语也时常出现在考题中。
◆◇猜词技巧
阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落有着互相制约的关系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息、推测、判断某些生词的词义，主要线索如下：一．针对性解释
针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。
1．根据定义猜测词义
如果生词是句子或段落所解释的定义，理解句子或段落本身就是推断词义。例如：anthropology is the scientific study of man、由定义可知，anthropology就是“研究人类的科学”。
In slang the term"jam"constitutes a state of being in which a person finds himself or herself in a difficult situation、同样，从上下文的定义可知jam一词在俚语中的意思是“困境”。
定义句的谓语动词多为：be,mean,deal with,be considered,to be,refer to,be called,be known as,define,represent,signify,constitute 等。
2．根据复述猜测词义
虽然复述不如定义那样严谨、详细，但是提供的信息足以使读者猜出生词词义。复述部分可以是适当词、短语或是从句。
同位语
"Semantics,the study of the meaning of words,is necessary if you are tospeak and read intelligently、"
此例逗号中短语意为“对词意进行研究的学科”。该短语与前面生词semanties是同位关系，因此我们不难猜出semanties指“语义学”。在复述中构成同位关系的两部分之间多用逗号连接，有时也使用破折号，冒号，分号，引号，和括号等。
Capacitance,or the ability to store electric charge,is one of the most common characteristics of electronic circuits。
由同位语我们很快猜出生词capacitance词义---电容量。需要注意的是：同位语前常有or,similarly,that is to say,in other words,namely,or other, say i、e、等副词或短语出现。
定语从句
Krabacber suffers from SAD,which is short for seasonal affective disorder,a syndrome
characterized by severe seasonal mood swings、根据生词SAD后面定语从句which is short for seasonal affective disorder和同位语a syndrome characterized by severe seasonal mood swings,我们可以推断出SAD含义，即“季节性情绪紊乱症”。
3．根据举例猜测词义
恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索，例如：The consequences of epochal events such as wars and great scientific discoveries are not confined to a small geographical area as they were in the past、
句中“战争”和“重大科学发现”是生词的实例，通过它们我们可以猜出epochal的大致词义“重要的”，这与其确切含义“划时代的”十分接近。
二．内在逻辑关系
根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指运用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系,然后根据逻辑关系推断生词词义或大致义域。
1．根据对比关系猜测词义
在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词或难词的反义词猜测其词义。例如：
Andrew is one of the most supercilious men I know、His brother,in contrast,is quite humble and modest、
该例中supercilious对许多人来说可能是个生词，但是句中短语in contrast，
（相对照的，相对比的、可以提示我们supercilious和后面词组humble and modest（谦卑又谦虚、是对比关系。分析出这种关系后，我们便能猜出supercilious 意为“目空一切的，傲慢的”。
表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是unlike，not，but，however，despite，in spite of，in contrast和while 引导的并列句等。
“A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones、”该句中并未出现上面提到的表示对比关系的词或短语，但是通过上下文可以判断出句子前后是对比关系，即把熟练工人与非熟练工人区分开。这时我们也能够推断出生词adept的词义，“熟练的”。
2．根据比较关系猜测词义同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系，例如：
“Green loves to talk，and his brothers are similarly loquacious、”
该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk与生词loquacious之间的比较关系。以此可以推断出loquacious词义为“健谈的”。
表示比较关系的词和短语主要是similarly，like，just as，also等。
3．根据因果关系猜测词义
在句子或段落种，若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。例如：“Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others、”
根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以推断出生词autocratic指“独断专行的”。
There were so many demonstrators in the Red Square that he had to elbow his way through the crowd、
此句为结果状语从句，根据从句的描书“许多示威者”，我们便可推知elbow的词意“挤，挤过”。
4．根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义
在句子或段落种，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境推断生词词义。例如：
“Although he often had the opportunity,Mr、Tritt was never able to steal money from a customer、This would have endangered his position at the bank,and he did not want to jeopardize his future、”
作者为避免重复使用endanger一词，用其同义词jeopardize来替代它，由此推知其词义为“使、、、、、、陷入危险、危及、危害”。
“Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health、They also regard drinking as harmful、”
句中detrimental四个生词，但判断出harmful替代detrimental后，不难推断出其词义为“不利的，有害的”。
三．外部相关因素
外部相关因素是指篇章(句子或段落、以外的其他知识。有时仅靠分析篇章内在逻辑关系无法猜出词义。
这时,就需要运用生活经验和普通常识确定词义。例如：Husband：it‘s really cold out tonight、
Wife:Sure it is、My hands are practically numb、
How about lighting the furnace?
根据生活经验，天气寒冷时，手肯定是“冻僵的，冻得麻木的”。
The snake slithered through the grass、
根据有关蛇的生活习性的知识，我们可以推断出slither 词义为“爬行”。
四．在猜测词义过程中，除了使用上面提到的一些技巧，我们还可以依靠构词方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。
1．根据前缀猜测词义
例：He fell into a ditch and lay there, semiconscious,for a few minutes、
根据词根conscious（清醒的，有意识的、，结合前缀semi（半，部分的，不完全的、，我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。
I‘m illiterate about such things、
词根literate意为“有文化修养的，通晓的”，前缀il 表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通，不知道的”。
2．根据后缀猜测词义
例：Insecticide is applied where it is needed、后缀cide表示“杀者，杀灭剂”，结合大家熟悉的词根insect（昆虫、，不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。Then the vapor may change into0droplets、
后缀let表示“小的”，词根0drop指“滴，滴状物”。将两个意思结合起来，便可推断出0droplet词义“小滴，微滴”。
3．根据复合词的各部分猜测词义
例：Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output、
Hightlight或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。它是由high（高的，强的、和light （光线、两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，使突出”的意思。
Bullfight is very popular in Spain、
Bull（公牛、和fight（打，搏斗、结合在一起，指一种在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动---斗牛。
226. Bill Gates , founder of Microsoft , is a classic example of success .
微软的创始人比尔?盖茨是成功的经典范例。
227. Persistence pays off ! A case in point centers on the ongoing negotiations and anticipated eminent resolution of the Middle East peace process .
坚持不懈能取得好结果！一个恰当的例子是正在进行的关于中东和平进程的谈判和预期达成的引人注目的决议。
228. The advertisement is a perfect example of misleading content designed to fool consumers .
广告是为愚弄消费者而设计的误导内容的很好的例子。
229. The land for peace deal represents a concrete agreement which will end conflict and bring stability to the Middle East .
达成和平协议的余地代表一个具体的协定，它将结束争端，给中东带来稳定。
230. We should gather additional facts to support exisiting evidence and illustrate the correctness of the contention .
我们需要收集更多的事实支持现有的证据，并证明论点的正确性。
231. A few more examples should be added to highlight the already familiar facts .
还需要增加几个例子强调已经很熟悉的真相。
232. We can cite Nelson Mandela's experience as an excellent example of overcoming adversity .
我们可以把纳尔逊?曼德拉的经历作为克服困境的很好的例子。
233. History abounds with great men worthy of adulation and emulation .
历史上有很多值得称赞和效法的伟人。
234. I , for one , will steadfastly resist any attempts to justify violence as a means to an end .
拿我来说，我会坚决抵制任何证明暴力是达到目的的一种正当手段的企图。
235. Take the " Gang of Four " as an example of a group
of zealots who attempted to usurp power to serve their own purposes .
以"四人帮"为例，他们是一群企图篡权为自己的目的服务的狂热者。
236. Racial cleansing serves as a case in point to illustrate the lengths some people will go to prove their superiority .
种族清洗是恰当的例子，用来说明一些人为了证明他们的优越性而走了多远。
237. We can safely assume that the indiscriminate acts of our generation will have an adverse impact on future generations .
我们可以万无一失地想当然认为我们这一代人任意的行为将给未来的人造成负面的影响。
238. Recurring themes are readily discernible in the annals of history . There's little doubt that history does , in fact , repeat itself .
在历史纪录上完全可以找到重复的主题。实际上，毫无疑问，历史会重演。
239. Numerous examples might be cited to support fallacious claims , but they most often lack a relevance to the issue under discussion .
可能有很多例子支持错误的主张，但它们经常缺少和正在讨论的问题的相关性。
240. I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon .
在夏季炎热的下午，我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。
241. Perhaps there's no better example of high-level corruption than the case of former Beijing Mayor Chen Xitong .
也许没有比前北京市市长陈希同更好的高层腐败的例子。
242. The airliner crash is seen as merely the tip of an iceberg .
这次飞机坠落被看作仅仅是冰山一角（只是其中的一个例子）。
243. The importance of exercise to good health is only one example of aspects of life people most often take for granted .
锻炼对健康的重要性只是生活中人们想当然的事情的一个例子。
244. Just imagine how great the word would be if we would only exhibit greater concern for our fellowman .
想象一下如果我们稍微多关心一下我们的同胞，世界将变得多美好。
245. Suppose we're on a ship that hits an iceberg . Do we flip a coin to see who gets the seat on the lifeboat , or do we resort to violence to ensure our self-preservation ?
假设我们在一艘撞到冰山的船上。我们会抛硬币决定谁上救生船，还是会诉诸暴力以求得自保。
246. Let's just assume that we've been lifelong friends and while you have food , I have none . Would you share your good fortune with me , or would you let me starve ? 假设我们是一生的朋友，你有食物，而我没有。你会和我分享食物还是会让我饿死？
247. Just think of what would happen if one nuclear power launched a preemptive on another .
试想一下一个核大国先发制人会出现什么情况。
248. There are many avenues to explore before we reach a final decision .
在我们做出最后决定之前有很多可以探索的途径。
249. It is rare to find a person willing to totally abandon the comforts of life simply to help others .
一个人仅仅为了帮助别人而愿意完全放弃生活的舒适是很罕见的。
250. We should point out that the evidence is purely circumstantial .
我们应该指出，证据完全是依情况而定的。
1. All that is needed is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
2.After being interviewed for the job, you will be required to take a language test.
3.Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people rather than harm them.
4.They usually have less money at the end of the month than they have at the beginning.
5.Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, which, of course, made the others jealous.
6.No matter how frequently performed, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.
7.Only under special circumstances are freshmen permitted to take make-up tests.
8.The pressure to compete causes Americans to be energetic, but it also puts them under a constant emotional strain.
9.Your hair wants cutting,. You’d better have it done tomorrow.
10.Other things being equal, a man who expresses himself effectively is sure to succeed more rapidly than a man whose command of language is poor.
11.Homework done on time will lead to better grades.
12.Had it not been for my illness I would have lent him a helping hand.
13.Realizing that he hadn’t enough money and not wanting to borrow from his father, he decided to sell his watch.
14.The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are being developed and perfected now. 15.Published as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
16.I have kept that portrait where I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of my university days in London.
17.Believing the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the earth.
18.As might be expected, the response to the question was very mixed.
19.After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys being encouraged to go to school.
20.You see the lightning the instant it happens, but you hear the thunder later.
21.Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
22.If only the committee would approve the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
23.Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, of which obtaining water is not the least.
24.All things considered, the planned trip will have to be called off.
25.A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, the results of which were surprising.
26.The girl’s being educated in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wished for.
27.All flights having been canceled because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.
28.While orbiting the sun, the satellite has sent more than four billion bits of information back to earth.
29.The computer has brought about surprising technological changes in the way we organize and produce information.
30.The house was very quiet, isolated as it was on the side of a mountain.
31.I don’t mind your delaying making the decision as long as it is not too late.
32.Corn originated in the New World and thus was not known in Europe until Columbus found it being cultivated in Cuba.
33.We agreed to accept whoever they thought was the best tourist guide.
34.Having been judged the best in a recent science competition, the three students were awarded scholarships totaling $21,000.
35.I’d rather have a room of my own, however small it is, than share a room with someone else.
36.Whatever difficulties we may come across, we’ll help one another to overcome them.
37.Once the fourth biggest city in the United States, St. Louis has now become the 24th largest city.
38.The mother didn’t know who to blame for the broken glass.
39.In fact，Peter would rather have left for San Francisco than stayed in New York
40.Although a teenager，Fred could resist being told what to do and what not to do.
41.But for the help of their group, we would not have succeeded in the investigation.
42.They always give the vacant seats to whoever comes first.
43.Professor Wang, known for his informative lectures, was warmly received by his students.
44.It is high time that such practices were ended.
访英语四、六级考试成绩优秀者魏国超
黄诗燕
众所周知，英语四、六级考试对与大学生来说，意义非凡。很多大学生为此努力了十几载，苦苦地探索成功之路。如今英语四、六级考试进行改革，大致题型同于往年，但仍存在异同处。为了帮助广大华农学子积累经验，在英语四、六级中考出好成绩，校会学习部特地组织了这次活动------采访英语四六级考试中取得优秀成绩的学生，了解他们的学习心得，为广大学生树立榜样。这次我的采访对象是资环学院06环境工程的魏国超师兄，他是资环学院学生会的副主席，英语成绩很优秀，高中时读的是英语2，基础很扎实，大一就考了四级，成绩是574分，大二就已考了六级，成绩是563分。下面就让我们一起去取经吧，Let’s go!
今天我们的采访主题是英语四、六级考试经验，内容主要分为五个方面：听力方面、词汇方面、作文方面、阅读方面、考试与复习方面。（下面“黄”代表采访者黄诗燕，“魏”代表采访对象魏国超师兄。）
黄：师兄，你好，我是校会学习部的黄诗燕，很高兴认识你。今天我们的主题是有关英语四、六级考试的经验。下面开始我们的话题吧。
魏：没问题，开始吧。
一、听力方面：
黄：首先是有关听力方面的，现在这段时间来说，真题和模拟题听力，哪种更好？如果时间允许的话，是否有必要听考试题型之外的素材？
魏：其实我做过模拟题，真题我没做过。
黄：那你觉得模拟题怎么样？贴不贴近考试？
魏：一般吧，不过你说到听力我觉得听真题还是很有用的，模拟和真题都可以做，但是真题不仅要做，而且要经常听，因为要习惯真题的语速和语音。想考好，当然要多听！
黄：那你觉得有没有必要听一些课外素材的听力？魏：关于课外的素材的话，我建议多听听英文电台，如VOA、BBC之类的。推荐一个网站吧https://www.wendangku.net/doc/601303817.html,
黄：那你大概几天听一次？还是每天都听？
魏：做听力题的话当然是有一个比较固定的频率。但泛听的话，就可以随时听，主要是培养感觉。我的频率啊，一个星期两三次吧。
黄：恩，还有，在做听力的时候应该如何把握关键词呢？
魏：首先，要搞清楚什么是关键词，比如说前面的那些选择题，被选答案里那些名词啊，就是每个答案相异的地方。
黄：哦，答案中的关键词。那对话中的呢？
魏：也是啊对话中提到的词和答案比较嘛，一般要不一样，要不相近，要不完全相反。
黄：那在做听力短文时，是仔细听懂短文的意思再做题目，还是一边听短文一边做？
魏：首先在时间允许的条件下，要先把题目扫一遍，对一些比较关键的词，在脑子里要有印象，听的过程就专心地听，这是我的习惯。
黄：做听力的时候时间很紧，应该是一边听一边做吧？
魏：一两题简单的可以，但是有些题是要理解概括的，就要听完才可以选。
黄：哦，视题目而定。
魏：我个人觉得还是要听完再做比较好，不过也是需要比较好的基础。所以呢，要在练习中培养速记的能力，无论是笔头的还是用脑。
二、词汇方面：
黄：那我们转入下一part? 是关于词汇方面的。我们都知道，新题型中词汇和结构都已经取消了，有同学问到，是不是不用背词汇呢？你有何看法？
魏：背单词是永远都要做得，词汇题目没了，还有阅读，有完型，有改错，甚至听力里都是。
黄：那你有没有花很多时间在这方面上？
魏：其实有，但也可以说没有。词汇量是一个积累的过程，可以说我初中就开始了。
黄：很多同学都想把单词好好背一下，但是对于即将参加考试的学生来说感觉时间上真的不宽裕，面对这种情况应该怎么做呢？
魏：边做题边背，因为题里面会出现你背过得的或没见过的，多跟他们见见面就好了。短期内只能是这样，有时侯做题也是靠感觉的。就是做题的时候要留心那些不会的单词，尤其是四级词汇书里的那些。
三、作文方面：
黄：恩。继续继续，谈谈作文方面的吧
魏：作文就是要多看范文啊。
黄：哦，你觉得写作文的时候套用模块有没有用呢？如果套用固定的模式，能不能拿到高分呢？
魏：套用得好，分不会低，但还是要有自己的亮点，比如你的用词啊，句式啊……
黄：那高分作文的共同优点在哪？
魏：结构清晰，用词恰当，中心明确，表达清晰，长短句搭配合理。另外千万不要看小用词恰当这一方面哦！
黄：结构我们是不是可以套用？
魏：可以，按需要套用咯，记住套用是以内容为中心的，不是为套用而套用，这一点挺重要的，不要把手段当作目的啊。
黄：哦，刚开始准备复习作文时，应该如何下手呢？
魏：首先，要看看这几年都考了些什么，什么文体什么内容之类的，传说这是有规律的（不过我也没有考查过）。那么根据规律就挑一些出来练，练很重要。一般人觉得作文没什么好练的，只看范文。反正挑好题目以后，就定个时间，在规定的时间内把文章写完。写好呢，就跟范文比较一下，分析一下优缺点，最好找老师修改一下。
黄：看来还是一个“勤”字啊！
四、阅读方面：
黄：下面是阅读方面的，你觉得如何有效的提高阅读速度,作题时凭第一感觉选可取吗？
魏：提高阅读速度嘛，就只有多看，但做题就有捷径。下面我把我做阅读的流程告诉你吧。
先把文章的每个段落的首句尾句看一遍，然后就去看答案，答案里一般都会有一些专有名词或者不认识的词，然后根据这些词确定答案在文章中的位置，找到那个位置就可以找到答案了。大概就是这样。
黄：恩，听起来不错。我要去实践实践！
五、考试与复习方面：
黄：最后，也是很多同学关心的一点，就整个考试过程来说，应该怎样分配时间，要重点捉住哪些方面，才能更好地提高分数呢？
魏：其实我觉得听力跟阅读是最重要的拿分点。只要你的听力和阅读不差，你的分就不差，
作文和其他的，占的比例不是很大，也不容易拉开距离。（相对而言）
黄：那在最后的冲刺阶段，我们应该重点把握哪些方面的复习呢？
魏：模拟题当然是不可以断的，要一直保持考试的感觉，同时还要复习以前做过的，听力也是要坚持听。
黄：师兄，能说说你考试前几周的复习吗？
魏：我准备考试的过程其实没什么意义的，我考四级时看了顶多两个星期，考六级之前准备顶多一个星期。嗯~~~所以学英语不是为了考四、六级，只要你把它当成一个工具，用起来那才能真正学会。
黄：恩恩，至理名言！四、六级不是目的，英语只是工具。
魏：恩，就是这个意思。考试的技巧我真的不懂太多，可能也说不好，不过我很重视积累。
黄：明白了，平时的积累才是最重要的。谢谢师兄，今天我真是受益匪浅啊！
魏：不用客气，但愿我说的对你们有用吧！
时间如梭，一个半小时的采访时间过去了，但魏国超师兄给我们留下的却是宝贵的学习经验，我们要取其精华，去其糟粕，好好借鉴他的学习经验。最后，正如师兄所说的，学英语不是为了考四、六级，而是为了以后的运用，也就是，学以致用！因此，平时大家还是好好积累吧，这就是最快的捷径！最后，祝愿大家在英语四、六级考试中都能取得好成绩！加油哦！
大学英语四级专项训练
大学英语四级专项训练——选词填空 （一） Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian（百姓的）clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes. Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least. [A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly 、[F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I] inspire [J] differently [K]expect [L]practical [M] recall [N] lose [O] ordinary （二） 、 Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to cold cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who study the relation between actions and their consequences, argue that rewards can __1__ performance at work and school. Cognitive( 认识派的) researchers, who study various aspects of mental life, maintain that rewards often destroy creativity by encouraging dependence on __2__ and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, __3__ among educators. But the careful use of small __4__ rewards speaks creativity in grade school children, suggesting that properly presented inducements( 刺激) indeed __5__inventiveness, according to a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “If kids know they’re working f or a reward and can focus on a relatively __6__ task, they show the most creativity,” says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it’s easy to __7__ creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for rewards.
2016年5月CET-4大学英语四级口语试题汇总
大学英语四级口语考试(CET-SET4)内容及流程
2016年5月CET-SET4试题汇总场次1 I. Self-introduction （30seconds） II. Read Aloud(45s to prepare; 60s to read) III. Question & Answer(2 questions; 20s per Q) IV. Individual Presentation(45s to prepare; 60s to talk ) Views on robots doing housework. V. Pair Work(60s to prepare; 90s to talk) Your presentation may include: --for what purpose --what is the price range --whether to buy it at a store or online
I. Self-introduction II. Read Aloud III. Question & Answer ⑴What’s the Lord of the Files about? ⑵There are few people read novels these days, what do you think about this phenomenon? IV. Individual Presentation My school library. V. Pair Work Your presentation may include: --characters --setting --plot
大学英语四级试卷)
大学英语四级期末试卷 Part I: Multiple choice 20% Directions:For each of the following blanks, four choices are given. Choose the best word or phrase for each blank and mark A, B, C, or D on Answer Sheet. 1. Now that we’ve got a loan from the bank, our project is financially _____. A. constructive B. feasible C. favorable D. stiff 2. Due to his recent failure to meet the deadline, Jason is ____ from the list for promotion. . A. eliminated B. retreated C. pried D. wrenched 3. We need someone really ____ who can organize the office and make it run smoothly.. A. crucial B. realistic C. essential D. efficient 4. I am pleased to hear of your job offer-all that hard work at school has obviously __. A. paid off B. taken its toll C. made a difference D. shown up 5. As a reporter, I was paid to __ into other people’s lives. A. pry B. convert C. blurt D. carve 6. The mayor promised to trim the city budget without cutting ___ services. . A. essential B. appropriate C. equivalent D. lucrative 7. The doctor ___ Billy’s operation with x-rays and special exercises to make him stronger. A. went after B. followed up C. started up D. took on 8. A firm might sometimes sell at a loss to drive a competitor out of business, and__ increase its market power. A. therefore B. thereby C. hence D. further 9. You can ___ the video camera on a tripod (三脚架)，so that you don’t have to worry about holding it steady while you ask questions. A. withstand B. mount C. implement D. dwell 10. AIDS activists permanently changed and shortened America’s ___process for testing and approving new drugs of all kinds, for all diseases. A. efficient B. stagnant C. intricate D. appropriate 11.___ students should be motivated by a keen interest in theatre and should have some familiarity with plays in production.. A. prospective B. responsible C. ethnic D. realistic 12.However, the new law, once passed, will ___ the Bridlintong agreement illegal by giving workers the right to join unions of their choice.. A. convert B. render C. cancel D. eliminate 13.This course focuses on the ____ of economic analysis to the problems of inflation, unemployment, the balance of payments and enterprise behaviour. A. conception B. combination C. application D. introduction 14.The aircraft base is protected with specially designed shelters which are built to ___ ground and air attacks. A. launch B. withstand C. contest D. contend
大学英语四级考试专项练习题：完形填空(一)
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/601303817.html,/ielts/xd.html（报名网址） In a telephone survey of more than 2，000 adults，21% said they believed the sun revolved (旋转)around the earth. An 71 7% did not know which revolved around 72. I have no doubt that 73 all of these people were 74 in school that the earth revolves around the sun; 75 may even have written it 76 at test. But they never 77 their incorrect mental models of planetary (行星的) 78 because their every day observations didn’t support 79 their teachers told them: People see the sun moving 80 the sky as morning turns to night，and the earth seems stationary (静止的) 81 that is happening. Students can learn the right answers 82 heart in class，and yet never combined them 83 their working models of the world. The objectively correct answer the professor accepts and the 84 personal understanding of the world can 85 side by side，each unaffected by the other. Outside of class，the student continues to use the 86 model because it has always worked well 87 that circumstance. Unless professors address 88 errors in students’personal models of the world，students are not 89 to replace them with the 90 one. 71.A.excessive B. extraC. additionalD. added 72.A.what B. whichC. thatD. other 73.A.virtually B. remarkablyC. ideallyD. preferably 74.A.learned B. suggestedC. taughtD. advised 75.A.those B. theseC. whoD. they 76.A.on B. withC. underD. for 77.A.formed B. alteredC. believedD. thought 78.A.operation B. positionC. motionD. location 79.A.how B. whichC. thatD. what 80.A.around B. acrossC. onD. above 81.A.since B. soC. whileD. for 82.A.to B. byC. inD. with 83.A.with B. intoC. toD. along 84.A.adult’s B. teacher’sC. scientist’sD. student’s 85.A.exist B. occurC. surviveD. maintain 86.A.private B. individualC. personalD. own 87.A.in B. withC. onD. for 88.A.general B. naturalC. similarD. specific 89.A.obliged B. likelyC. probableD. partial 90.A.perfectB. betterC. reasonableD. correct 【答案】： 71.C72.B73.A74.C75.D76.A77.B78.C79.D80.B 81.C82.B 83.A84.D85.A86.C87.A88.D89.B90.D 【答案解析】： 71.C四个答案都有“额外”的意思，但各有偏重。A重在表达“过量、超过正常的部分”;B是“在一类事物之外的额外部分”;D是“外加的”。因此只有C答案符合本题要求：“另外有7%的人不知道是谁绕着谁转。”
大学英语四级试卷-英语四级考试模拟题及答7
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Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. Five thousand hours, I am told, are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. In 10,000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. If it appealed to you, you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't, you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive, consistently applied effort. The dullest, the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification(满意). It diverts us only to divert, to make the time pass without pain. Television's variety becomes a narcotic(麻醉的), nor a stimulus. Its serial, kaleidoscopic (万花筒般的)exposures force us to follow its lead. The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour: 30 minutes at the museum, 30 at the cathedral, 30 for a drink, then back on the bus to the next attraction—except on television., typically, the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds, and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. In short, a lot of television usurps(篡夺;侵占) one of the most precious of all human gifts, the ability to focus your attention yourself, rather than just passively surrender it. Capturing your attention—and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief, not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety, novelty, action and movement. Quite
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