英国文学考试

1. The Romantic Period in American literature started from the publication of Washington Irving’s ______ and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass.

A. The Sketch Book

B. Tales of a Traveller

C. A History of New York

D. The Scarlet Letter

2. At the initial period of the spread of ideas of the Enlightenment was largely due to ____.

A. typography

B. journalism

C. revolution

D. the development of paper-making industry

3. About the novel The Scarlet Letter，which of the following statements is not right？

A. It’s very hard to say that it is a love story or a story of sin.

B. It’s a highly symbolic story and the author is a master of symbolism.

C. It’s mainly about the moral，emotional and psychological effects of the sin upon the main characters and the people in general.

D. In it the letter A takes the same symbolic meaning throughout the novel.

4. Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?

A The Last of the Mohicans

B The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow

C The Masque of the Red Death

D Moby Dick

5. Which of the following was written by Henry David Thoreau?

A Nature

B Walden

C The Scarlet Letter

D The Fall of the House of Usher

6. For Melville, as well as for the reader and _____, the narrator, Moby Dick is

still a mystery, an ultimately mystery of the universe.

A. Stubb

B. Ishmael

C. Ahab

D. Starbuck

7.Which of the following is Not one of the main ideas advocated by Ralph Emerson?

A. Importance of the Individual

B. Faith in Christianity

C. The Over-Soul

D. Self-Reliance

8. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as _____.

A. saviors

B. villains

C. commentators

D. observers

9. In American literature, escaping from the society and returning to nature is a common subject. The following titles are all related, in one way or another, to the

subject except _____.

A. Herman Melville’s Moby Dick

B. Wa shington Irving’s Rip Van Winkle

C. Cooper’s Leatherstocking Tales

D. Thoreau’s Walden

10. Which of the following is Not optimistic about human nature? .

A. Ralph Emerson

B. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

C. Nathaniel Hawthorne

D. Henry Thoreau

11.Washington Irving was best known for his famous short stories such as ____.

A. Rip Van Winkle and Moby Dick

B. Rip Van Winkle and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

C. Young Goodman Brown and Moby Dick

D. The Fall of the House of Usher and Rip Van Winkle

12. Who is different from others according to the division of writing period?

A. Washington Irving

B.William Cullen Bryant

C. Captain John Smith

D. James Fenimore Cooper

13. The American Romantic Period lasted roughly from ____ to ____.

A. 1798-1832

B. 1810-1860

C. 1760-1864

D. 1776-1783

14. How many syllables are there in this first line of the following poem? (“Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,”)

A. 11

B. 12

C. 13

D. 16

15. Who has been called the “Father of American Literature”?

A. Walt Scott

B. Geoffrey Chaucer

C. Washington Irving

D. Philip Freneau

16. Who is the first American novelist that acquired international fame?

A. Captain John Smith

B. Washington Irving

C. Benjamin Franklin

D.

E. A. Poe

17. Who is the writer of To a Waterfowl?

A. Anne Bradstreet

B. Thomas Hardy

C. William Cullen Bryant

D. Walt Whitman

18. Thomas Paine is a ____.

A. novelist

B. dramatist

C. poet

D. pamphleteer

19. Edgar Allan Poe mainly writes except____

A. short stories

B. literary critic theories

C. poems

D. dramas

20. What dominated the Puritan phase of American writing?

A. theology

B. literature

C. esthetics

D. revolution

21. The Romantic Period in American literature started from the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s ____..

A. Leaves of Grass

B. Tales of a Traveller

C. A History of New York

D. The Scarlet Letter

22. Who is been called the “Father of American Poetry”?.

A. Philip Freneau

B. Edgar Allan Poe

C. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

D. William Cullen Bryant

23. As a philosophical and literary movement，the main issues involved in the debate of Transcendentalism are generally concerning ______.

A. nature，man and the universe

B. the relationship between man and woman

C. the development of Romanticism in American literature

D. the cold，rigid rationalism of Unitarianism

24. Which of the following is considered an American masterpiece?

A The Last of the Mohicans

B The Legend of the Sleepy Hollow

C The Masque of the Red Death

D Moby Dick

25. Which of the following was written by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow?

A Nature

B Walden

C The Scarlet Letter

D A Psalm of Life

26. For Melville, as well as for the reader and _____, the narrator, Moby Dick is

still a mystery, an ultimately mystery of the universe.

A. Stubb

B. Ishmael

C. Ahab

D. Starbuck

27. Which of the following is Not one of the main ideas advocated by Ralph Emerson?

A. Importance of the Individual

B. Faith in Christianity

C. The Over-Soul

D. Self-Reliance

28. In Hawthorne’s novels and short stories, intellectuals usually appear as _____.

A. saviors

B. villains

C. commentators

D. observers

29. “Diedrich Knickerbocker”is the pseudonym of for his works which combines European legends with New England reality.

A. Cooper

B. Washington Irving

C. Nathaniel Hawthorne

D. Philip Frenau

30. Which of the following is Not optimistic about human nature? .

A. Ralph Emerson

B. Henry Wadsworth Longfellow

C. Nathaniel Hawthorne

D. Henry Thoreau

31. At the initial period of the spread of ideas of the Enlightenment was largely due to ____.

A. typography

B. journalism

C. revolution

D. the development of paper-making industry

32. Who is different from others according to the division of writing period?

A. Washington Irving

B.William Cullen Bryant

C. Captain John Smith

D. James Fenimore Cooper

13. The American Romantic Period lasted roughly from ____ to ____.

A. 1798-1832

B. 1810-1860

C. 1760-1864

D. 1776-1783

34. How many syllables are there in this first line of the following poem?

(“Fair flower, that dost so comely grow”)

A. 11

B. 8

C. 13

D. 16

35. Who has been called the “American Wordsworth”?

A. William Cullen Bryant

B. Geoffrey Chaucer

C. Washington Irving

D. Philip Freneau

36. Who is the first American writer?

A. Captain John Smith

B. Washington Irving

C. Benjamin Franklin

D.

E. A. Poe

37. Who is the writer of Thanatopsis?

A. Anne Bradstreet

B. Thomas Hardy

C. William Cullen Bryant

D. Walt Whitman

38. _____ is“the first American lyric poet”.

A. William Cullen Bryant

B. Geoffrey Chaucer

C. Washington Irving

D. Philip Freneau

40. From 1732 to 1785, Franklin wrote and published his famous ____, an annual collection of proverbs.

A. Common Sense

B. American Crisis

C. The Age of Reason

D. Poor Richard’s Almanac

20. What dominated the revolutionary phase of American writing?

A. politics

B. literature

C. esthetics

D. Revolution

1.Self- Reliance is written by Ralph Waldo Emerson.

2.“ To be great is to be misunderstood” is taken from the Poet.

3.In 1847, Thoreau left Walden Pond, because the experiment was completed, but not because it was a failure.

4.Mosses from an Old Manse deals with the effects of a curse.

5.Hawthorne gathered his material by observing and listening to others.

6.Rappaccini’s Daughter is written by Hawthorne.

7.Hawthorne was concerned with investigations of value or morality.

8.Mosses from an Old Manse is a short story collection written by Melville.

9.Ahab is a character in Moby Dick.

10.The Leatherstocking Tales contain a five volume biography of their protagonist Natty Bumppo.

11.The Last of the Mohicans is set in the colonial era when the French and the English fought for control of the New World

12.Hawthorne’s works are deeply concerned with the ethical problems of sin, punishment, and atonement.

13.The narrator of The Scarlet Letter is an unnamed customhouse surveyor who writes some 200 years after the events he describes took place.

14.Emersonian self-reliance is not just a matter of supporting oneself financially but

a much loftier doctrine about the active role that every soul plays in its experience of reality

15.Edgar Allan Poe was the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame

16.Allan Nevins called The Leatherstocking Tales “the nearest approach yet to an American epic”.

17.The first English permanent colony was founded in 1617 in Virginia

18.At the end of the 18th century people gradually felt boring about the strict Calvinism

19.Transcendentalism summit of American Romanticism

20.Edward Taylor’s work treated religious themes

21.Moby Dick was largely considered a success during the author’s lifetime

22.Melville’s experiences and adventures on the sea furnished him with abundant material for fiction

23.The married life of Melville was more like that of Mark Twain than Scott Fitzgerald.

24.Moby Dick is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc

25.In Emerson’s opinion, poets should function as preachers who gave directions to the mass.

26.As one of America’s early romantic writer, Irving is focusing on the description of natural scenery, and the subjective world of personal feelings

27.Emerson’s reputation fell in the 20th century because he firmly believed human and human society could be better.

28.Katrina Van Tassel is a character in Moby Dick.

29.The Scarlet Letter is Nathaniel Hawthorne’s masterpiece and is set in 19th-century Boston.

30.American literature throughout the century was largely patterned on the writing of the 18th century Englishmen.

（）

1.Self- Reliance is written by Henry David Thoreau.

2.“ To be great is to be misunderstood” is taken from Self- Reliance.

3.In 1847, Thoreau left Walden Pond, not because the experiment was completed, but because it was a failure.

4.The House of the Seven Gables deals with the effects of a curse.

5.Hawthorne gathered his material by observing and listening to others.

6.Young Goodman Brown is written by Hawthorne.

7.Poe was concerned with investigations of value or morality.

8.Mosses from an Old Manse is a short story collection written by Melville.

9.Queequeg is a character in Moby Dick.

10.The Leatherstocking Tales contain a five volume biography of their protagonist

Natty Bumppo.

11.The Last of the Mohicans is set in the colonial era when the French and the English fought for control of the New World

12.Poe is regarded as the father of detective story

13.Hester Prynne is a brave, strong-minded and intelligent women described by Hawthorne

14.Washington Irving’s first book—the Sketch Book , was written under the name of Diedrich Knickerbocker

15.James Fenimore Cooper was the first American writer of imaginative literature to gain international fame

16.D. H. Lawrence called Natty Bumppo the essential American soul

17.The first English permanent colony was founded in 1617 in Virginia

18.Due to the harsh environment of the New World and the poor education of early residents of America, American literature developed very slowly

19.The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung up in America is considered as the first book of original poetry written in colonial America

20.Edward Taylor’s work treated religious themes

21.Moby-Dick was largely considered a failure during the author’s lifetime

22.Melville’s experiences and adventures on the sea furnished him with abundant material for fiction

23.The married life of Melville was more like that of Scott Fitzgerald than Mark Twains

24.The Scarlet Letter is an encyclopedia of everything, history, philosophy, religion, etc

25.In Moby Dick, Pequod is a symbol of doom.

26.As one of America’s early romantic writer, Irving is focusing on the description of natural scenery, and the subjective world of personal feelings

27.Irving’s writing is natural, fresh and elegant.

28.Katrina Van Tassel is a character created by J. F. Cooper.

29.Politics was a great subject to command the attention of the best minds in revolutionary period.

30.American literature throughout the century was largely patterned on the writing of the 18th century Englishmen.

分，共15分）

1. In the story (1) by Washington Irving, the main character Rip was delineated as an

idle but good-natured man. One day he drank too much and fell asleep. When he woke up, he found his wife dead and the portrait of King George replaced by (2).

2. (3) is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.

3. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equa l: that they were

endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these, are life, liberty and pursuit of happiness

This part is taken from (4) and drafted by (5)

4. At the next moment, the breech of Hawkeye’s rifle fell on the naked head of his

adversary, whose muscles appeared to wither under the shock, as he sank from the arms of Duncan, flexible and motionless

Author: (6) work: (7)

5. From morning suns and evening dews

At first thy little being came:

If nothing once, you nothing lose,

For when you die you ar e the same;”

Author: (8) work: (9)

6. The Tenth Muse lately Sprung up in America is written by (10).

7. From 1732 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous (11), an

annual collection of proverbs.

8. Edgar Allan Poe established his reputation as writer of (12) and poems.

9. In his famous essay (13), Thoreau stated his belief that no man should violate his

conscience at the demand of a government.

10. On January 10, 1776, in his famous pamphlet (14), (15) boldly advocated a

“Declaration for Independence”.

1. On waking, he found himself on the green knoll whence he had first seen the old man of the glen. He rubbed his eyes----it was a bright sunny morning. The birds were hopping and twittering among the bushes, and the eagle was wheeling aloft, and breasting the pure mountain breeze “ Surely,” thought Rip, “ I have not slept here all night.” He recalled the occurrences before he fell asleep.

Author: (1) work: (2)

2. (3) is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”.

3. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equa l: that they were endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these, are life, liberty and pursuit of happiness

This part is taken from (4) and drafted by (5)

4. At the nex t moment, the breech of Hawkeye’s rifle fell on the naked head of his adversary, whose muscles appeared to wither under the shock, as he sank from the arms of Duncan, flexible and motionless

Author: (6) work: (7)

5. Cooper launched two kinds of immensely popular stories: (8) and (9).

6. As a poet, (10) heralded American literary independence: his close observation of nature distinguished his treatment of indigenous wild life and other native American subjects.

7. Annabel Lee, a poem from (11), mourns the death of a beautiful girl .

8. Edgar Allan Poe established his reputation as writer of (12) and poems.

9. Most Puritan verse was decidedly plodding, but the work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor, rose to the level of (13).

1.10. On January 10, 1776, in his famous pamphlet (14), (15) boldly advocated a Puritanism

2.Benjamin Franklin

3.American Romanticism

4 Moby Dick

5 Edgar Allan Poe

1.Ichabod was a suitable figure for such a steed .He rode with short stirrups ,which brought his knees nearly up to the pommel of the saddle; his sharp elbows stuck out like grasshoppers; he carried his whip perpendicularly in his hand, like a scepter and his horse jogged on, the motion of his arms was not unlike the flapping of a pair of wings.

(1)From which novel is this part taken from?(2分)

(2)Who is the author of this novel? （1分）

(3)Please illustrate the main characteristics of the hero in this novel.（5分）

(4)Please list two other works written by this writer.（2分）

2. But there was a more real life for Hester Prynne here, in New England, than in that unknown region where Pearl had found a home. Here had been her sin, here, her sorrow, and here was yet to be her penitence.

(1) From which book does this part is taken? (1分)

（2）Who is the author of this novel? （1分）

(2) Please illustrate the main characteristics of the heroine in this novel (2分)

(3) Please illustrate the symbolism used in the title of this novel. (6分)

1.Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered, weak and weary,

Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore —

While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,

As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.

“Tis some visito r,” I muttered, “tapping at my chamber door —

Only this and nothing more.”

(1)What is the title of this poem?(2分)

(2)Who is the author of this poem? （1分）

(3)Please illustrate the author’s poetic theory used in this poem?（5分）

(4)Please list two other poems written by this poet.（2分）

2. “Standing on the bare ground,—my head bathed by the blithe air, and uplifted into infinite space—all mean egotism vanishes, I become a transparent eye-ball. I am nothing. I see all. The currents of the Universal being circulate through me : I am part or particle of God.”

(1) From which book does this part is taken? (2分)

(2) What kind of philosophy does this part illustrate? (2分)

(3) Please illustrate this philosophy briefly. (6分)

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The Tiger P50 1.Why does the poet mention the Lamb? Do you think both the Lamb and the Ti ger can illuminate each other? The Tyger is corresponding to The Lamb. Both the poems show the poet ’s exploration, understanding and plaint of the mysterious creation. In this poem, the author implies that the Tiger is created by God as well as the Lamb. S o either the Tiger or the Lamb is essential to God. I think both the Lamb and the Tiger can illuminate each other. Although the Lamb can represent the kind “innocent society”, it will be lack of enough motivation to make progress. While the Tiger will caus e social misery, unrest or even disruption, but it can make people release their creativity. So the poet believes that the Tiger is the symbol of strength and courage. And he also praises its passion, desire and all the lofty beauty. 2.What is the symbolic meaning of the tiger? What idea does the poet want to express? The symbol of the Tyger is one of the two central mysteries of the poem (the other being the Tyger ’s creator). It is unclear what it exactly symbolizes, but scholars have hypothesized that the Tyger could be inspiration, the divine, artistic creation, history, the sublime (the big, mysterious, powerful and sometimes scary. Read more on this in the "Themes and Quotes" section), or vision itself. Really, the list is almost infinite. The point is, the Tyger is important, and Blake’s poem barely limits the possibilities The tiger is the embodiment of God's power in creation: the animal is terrifying in its beauty, strength, complexity and vitality. The poem is divided into six parts. In the first part, the author imagined that he met a terrible tiger on a dark night and was frightened by its awful eyesight. There are creations and creators. How great the creator is that he could create such an awful creation like tiger! In the second part, the author continues to ask, where comes the eyesight like fire, sea or sky? The following two parts, the author describes the creator as a smith. He creates the tiger. What behind the questions is the frightening and respect of the author to the creator. In the fif th part, the author changes his tone and asks when the stars throw down their spears, why they are not happy? The last part is as same as the first part, the creator is too mysterious to understand. The tiger shows its outstanding energy. It’s the vitality which the author thinks highly of. The key sentence of the poem is "Did he who made the Lamb make thee?" It challenges the one-track religious views of the 18 ’s century. The view only concluded that god create the lame, he is so kind a father. But it didn ’t know god also create the tough tiger. He can also be very serious. The god is someone who can’t be truly understood by human beings. Ode to the West Wind P83西风颂 第一节 哦，狂暴的西风，秋之生命的呼吸！你无形，但枯死的落叶被你横扫， 有如鬼魅碰到了巫师，纷纷逃避：黄的，黑的，灰的，红得像患肺痨， 呵，重染疫疠的一群：西风呵，是你以车驾把有翼的种子催送到 黑暗的冬床上，它们就躺在那里，像是墓中的死穴，冰冷，深藏，低贱， 直等到春天，你碧空的姊妹吹起她的喇叭，在沉睡的大地上响遍，

2007年10月自考试题英国文学选读浙江试卷

做试题,没答案?上自考365,网校名师为你详细解答! 浙江省2007年10月高等教育自学考试 英国文学选读试题 课程代码：10054 Ⅰ.Choose the relevant match from Column B for each item in Column A.(10%) Section A A B (1)Daniel Defoe ( ) A. The Pilgrim’s Progress (2)Charles Dickens ( ) B. The Silver Box (3)John Bunyan ( ) C. Robinson Crusoe (4)Richard Sheridan ( ) D. A Tale of Two Cities (5)John Galsworthy ( ) E. The School for Scandal Section B A B (1) Jane Eyre( ) A. Irene (2) The Man of Property( ) B. Mr. Rochester (3) The Merchant of Venice( ) C. Satan (4) Paradise Lost( ) D. Sophia Western (5) The History of Tom Jones ( ) E. Portia Ⅱ.Complete each of the following statements with a proper word or a phrase according to the textbook.(5%) 1. In the era of the Renaissance, the humanists made attempts to get rid of those old ______ ideas in medieval Europe. 2. The ______ century was an age of prose. A group of excellent writers, such as Swift, Fielding were produced. 3. English ______ is generally said to have begun in 1798 with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridge’s Lyrical Ballads. 4. In the V ictorian period, the______ as a literary genre became the most widely read and the most vital and challenging expression of progressive thought. 5. The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot is a poem concerned with the spiritual breakup of a modern 1

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En glish Lite ra ture a nd the Se le cte d Re adings Developmentof EnglishLiterature 1.EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature(- 1485)2.TheEnglishRenaissance(1550-1642?) 3.The17thCentury–ThePeriodofRevolutionandRestoration 4 . The 1 8 thCentury–T h e AgeofEnlightenm ent 5.TheRomanticPeriod(1798- 1832)6.TheVictorianAge(1832-1901) 7.Th e20t hCen t uryLit erat ure–Mod ern is man dPo st-Mod ern ism Chapter1EarlyandMedievalEnglishliterature 一．Epic （史诗） Apoemthatcelebrateintheformofacontinuousnarrativetheachievementsofone ormoreheroicpersonagesof historyortradition. AmongthegreatepicsoftheworldmaybementionedtheIliad,OdysseyandAeneidof classical. Be owulf 1.HistoricalBackground 1)) Thre e Invasions: A.The Rom a n Conq u e st ( 5 5 B. C - 4 10 A.D) B.The English Conqu e s t ( The Anglo-Sa xon Period) C.TheNormanConquest(TheAnglo-NormanPeriod) 2)) Tw o Wars: A.TheHundredYearsWar(1337-1453) B.TheWarof theRose(1455-1485) a.Anglo-SaxonPoetry: Pagan(异教的）&ChristianBeowulf /worksofCaedmonandCynewulf. b.Anglo- NormanPoetry:Romance c.Poe try in Age of Cha u cer： d..PopularBallads:BalladsofRobinHood2. 评价 1）Beowulfisanationalepic（史诗）ofEnglishpeople. 2）ItistherepresentativeworkoftheearlyEnglishliteraturewith3000lines.3） Itswriterisunknown. 4）BeowulfisafolklegendbroughttoEnglandbytheAngloSaxonfromtheirprimitiveNorthernEurope.5）Beowulfwaspasseddownfrommouthtomouth. 6） Beowulfwaswrittendowninthe10th century.3.Charactersint hestory: Beowulf:anephewofkingofGents,apeopleinDenmark.Hrothgar:kin gofDenmark. Gre nde l: a m onster. She-monster(女妖怪):Grende l’s mother.Dra go n: a fire dra gon, a m onster. 4.OutlineofTheSongofBeowulf Te u tonic(日耳曼的） h e ro Be ow u lf, the ne phe w of the king of the Ge a t la nd, he lpe d Hrothga r kill them onste r ha lf-hu m a n ,Gre nd e l a s w e ll a s his viciou s m oth e r. W ith his he roic de e ds, he w a s m a de the kingofScyldings(Sweden)for50years.

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Geoffrey Chaucer (1343-1400) 乔叟He was born in 1343 in London. He died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey, thus founding the “Poets Corner”.The father of English Poetry and one of the greatest narrative poets of England.“The Canterbury Tales” (1387-1400) It is Chaucer?s masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature. Chaucer’s Contribution to English Literature Chaucer is regarded as the founder of English poetry and has been called “the founder of English realism.” He is the firs t great poet who wrote in the English language. He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the “heroic couplet” (英雄双韵体) to English poetry.His masterpiece “The Canterbury T ales” is one of the monumental works in English literature 公爵夫人之书，百鸟议会，声誉之堂，特罗勒思和克里西德 Structure of a poem: A poem can be broken down into three parts: (1) Stanza (节) : a group of lines set off from the other lines in a poem. It is the poetic equivalent of a paragraph in prose. In traditional poems, the stanza usually contains a unit of thought.(2) The line (行) : a single line of poetry (3) The foot (音步) : a syllable or a group of 2 or 3 syllables. T o scan a line of poetry one counts the number of feet in a line. For a beginner, the easiest thing to do is to count the number of stresses. Typically a foot will contain a stressed and an unstressed syllable. William Shakespeare (1564-1616)playwright, poet, actor.Shakespeare and Aeschylus are the two greatest dramatic geniuses the world has ever known.—Carl Marks.The Great Tragedies: 《哈姆雷特》(Hamlet,1601 ) 《奥赛罗》(Othello, 1604) 《李尔王》(King Lear, 1605) 《麦克白》(Macbeth, 1606) The Great Comedies威尼斯商人》(The Merchant of Venice, 1596) 《仲夏夜之梦》(A Midsummer Night's Dream,1596) 《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night, 1600) 《皆大欢喜》(As You Like It, 1601) Shakespeare’s car eer as a dramatist may be divided into four major phases.: The First Period(1590-1594) This period is the period of his apprenticeship in play-writing. Works: Henry VI The Comedy of Errors《错误的喜剧》/《连环错》Love?s Labor?s Lost 《迷失的爱》/《空爱一场》/《爱的徒劳》Romeo and Juliet, etc. The Second Period (1595-1600) This period is his mature period, mainly a period of “great comedies” and mature historical plays. It includes 6 comedies, 5 historical plays and 1 Roman tragedy. His sonnets are also thought to be written in this period. The Third Period (1601-1607) The third period of Shakespeare?s dramatic career is mainly the period of “great tragedies” and “dark comedies”. It includes 5 tragedies, 3 comedies and 2 Roman tragedies.Major works written in this period:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth, Antony and Cleopatra The Fourth Period (1608-1612) The fourth period of Shakespeare?s work is the period of romantic drama. It includes 4 romances or “reconciliation（和解，复合）plays”. Shakespeare’s Literary Position:Shakespeare and the Authorized Version of the English Bible are the two greatest treasuries of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers in world literature. Hamlet:Hamle t is considered the summit of Shakespeare?s art. It is one of Shakespeare?s canon, and it is universally included in the list of the world?s greatest works.It?s written in the form of blank verse.blank verse : poetry in rhymeless iambic pentameter.（素体诗剧）The story, coming from an old Danish legend, is a tragedy of the “revenge” genre. Shakespeare incorporates into the medieval story other major humanistic themes, including love, justice, good and evil, and most notably, madness, and the spirit of the time Injustice, conspiracy, and betrayal in the society。1. first blow: father?s murder and mother?s re-marriage2.second blow: betrayal of his two former friends Rosencrantz and Guildenstern3. third blow: betrayal of his girl friend OpheliaThe greatness o f the play: in praise of the noble quality of Prince Hamlet as a representative of humanist thinkers and his disillusionment with the corrupt and degenerated society in which he lived.