国际经济学作业答案-第六章完整版.doc
Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade
Multiple Choice Questions
1. External economies of scale arise when the cost per unit
(a) rises as the industry grows larger.
(b) falls as the industry grows larger rises as the average firm grows larger.
(c) falls as the average firm grows larger.
(d) remains constant.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
2. Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unit
(a) rises as the industry grows larger.
(b) falls as the industry grows larger.
(c) rises as the average firm grows larger.
(d) falls as the average firm grows larger.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
3. External economies of scale
(a) may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.
(b) cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.
(c) tends to result in one huge monopoly.
(d) tends to result in large profits for each firm.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
4. Internal economies of scale
(a) may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.
(b) cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry.
(c) are associated only with sophisticated products such as aircraft.
(d) cannot form the basis for international trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade 71
5. A monopolistic firm
(a) can sell as much as it wants for any price it determines in the market.
(b) cannot determine the price, which is determined by consumer demand.
(c) will never sell a product whose demand is inelastic at the quantity sold.
(d) cannot sell additional quantity unless it raises the price on each unit.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
6. Monopolistic competition is associated with
(a) cut-throat price competition.
(b) product differentiation.
(c) explicit consideration at firm level of the feedback effects of other firms’ pr icing decisions.
(d) high profit margins.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
7. The most common market structure is
(a) perfect competition.
(b) monopolistic competition.
(c) small-group oligopoly.
(d) perfectly vertical integration.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
8. Modeling trade in monopolistic industries is problematic because
(a) there is no one generally accepted model of oligopoly behavior.
(b) there are no models of oligopoly behavior.
(c) it is difficult to find an oligopoly in the real world.
(d) collusion among oligopolists makes usable data rare.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
9. Where there are economies of scale, the scale of production possible in a country is constrained by
(a) the size of the country.
(b) the size of the trading partner’s country.
(c) the size of the domestic market.
(d) the size of the domestic plus the foreign market.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
10. Where there are economies of scale, an increase in the size of the market will
(a) increase the number of firms and raise the price per unit.
(b) decrease the number of firms and raise the price per unit.
(c) increase the number of firms and lower the price per unit.
(d) decrease the number of firms and lower the price per unit.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
11. The simultaneous export and import of widgets by the United States is an example of
(a) increasing returns to scale.
(b) imperfect competition.
(c) intra-industry trade.
(d) inter-industry trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
12. If output more than doubles when all inputs are doubled, production is said to occur under
conditions of
(a) increasing returns to scale.
(b) imperfect competition.
(c) intra-industry trade.
(d) inter-industry trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
13. Intra-industry trade can be explained in part by
(a) transportation costs within and between countries.
(b) problems of data aggregation and categorization.
(c) increasing returns to scale.
(d) All of the above.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
14. If some industries exhibit internal (firm specific) increasing returns to scale in each country, we
should not expect to see
(a) intra-industry trade between countries.
(b) perfect competition in these industries.
(c) inter-industry trade between countries.
(d) high levels of specialization in both countries.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
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Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade 71
15. Intra-industry trade is most common in the trade patterns of
(a) developing countries of Asia and Africa.
(b) industrial countries of Western Europe.
(c) all countries.
(d) North-South trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
16. International trade based on scale economies is likely to be associated with
(a) Ricardian comparative advantage.
(b) comparative advantage associated with Heckscher-Ohlin factor-proportions.
(c) comparative advantage based on quality and service.
(d) comparative advantage based on diminishing returns.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
17. International trade based on external scale economies in both countries is likely to be carried out
by a
(a) relatively large number of price competing firms.
(b) relatively small number of price competing firms.
(c) relatively small number of competing oligopolists.
(d) monopoly firms in each country/industry.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
18. International trade based solely on internal scale economies in both countries is likely to be carried
out by a
(a) relatively large number of price competing firms.
(b) relatively small number of price competing firms.
(c) relatively small number of competing oligopolists.
(d) monopoly firms in each country/industry.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
19. A monopoly firm engaged in international trade will
(a) equate average to local costs.
(b) equate marginal costs with foreign marginal revenues.
(c) equate marginal costs with the highest price the market will bear.
(d) equate marginal costs with marginal revenues in both domestic and in foreign markets.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
20. A monopoly firm will maximize profits by
(a) charging the same price in domestic and in foreign markets.
(b) producing where the marginal revenue is higher in foreign markets.
(c) producing where the marginal revenue is higher in the domestic market.
(d) equating the marginal revenues in domestic and foreign markets.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
21. A firm in monopolistic competition
(a) earns positive monopoly profits because each sells a differentiated product.
(b) earns positive oligopoly profits because each firm sells a differentiated product.
(c) earns zero economic profits because it is in perfectly or pure competition.
(d) earns zero economic profits because of free entry.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
22. The larger the number of firms in a monopolistic competition situation,
(a) the larger are that country’s exports.
(b) the higher is the price charged.
(c) the fewer varieties are sold.
(d) the lower is the price charged.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
23. The monopolistic competition model is one in which there is/are
(a) a monopoly.
(b) perfect competition.
(c) economies of scale.
(d) government intervention in the market.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
24. In industries in which there are scale economies, the variety of goods that a country can produce is
constrained by
(a) the size of the labor force.
(b) anti-trust legislation.
(c) the size of the market.
(d) the fixed cost.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
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Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade 71 25. An industry is characterized by scale economies, and exists in two countries. Should these two
countries engage in trade such that the combined market is supplied by one country’s industry, then
(a) consumers in both countries would suffer higher prices and fewer varieties.
(b) consumers in the importing country would suffer higher prices and fewer varieties.
(c) consumers in the exporting country would suffer higher prices and fewer varieties.
(d) consumers in both countries would enjoy fewer varieties available but lower prices.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
26. An industry is characterized by scale economies and exists in two countries. In order for consumers
of its products to enjoy both lower prices and more variety of choice,
(a) each country’s marginal cost must equal that of the other country.
(b) the marginal cost of this industry must equal marginal revenue in the other.
(c) the monopoly must lower prices in order to sell more.
(d) the two countries must engage in international trade one with the other.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
27. A product is produced in a monopolistically competitive industry with scale economies. If this
industry exists in two countries, and these two countries engage in trade one with the other, then we would expect
(a) the country in which the price of the product is lower will export the product.
(b) the country with a relative abundance of the factor of production in which production of the
product is intensive will export this product.
(c) each of the countries will export different varieties of the product to the other.
(d) neither country will export this product since there is no comparative advantage.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
28. The reason why one country may export a product which is produced with positive scale
economies is
(a) its labor productivity will tend to be higher.
(b) it enjoys a relative abundance of the factor intensely used in the product’s production.
(c) its demand is biased in favor of the product.
(d) its demand is biased against the product.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: E
29. Two countries engaged in trade in products with no scale economies, produced under conditions of
perfect competition, are likely to be engaged in
(a) monopolistic competition.
(b) inter-industry trade.
(c) intra-industry trade.
(d) Heckscher-Ohlin trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
30. Two countries engaged in trade in products with scale economies, produced under conditions of
monopolistic competition, are likely to be engaged in
(a) price competition.
(b) inter-industry trade.
(c) intra-industry trade.
(d) Heckscher-Ohlinean trade.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
31. History and accident determine the details of trade involving
(a) Ricardian and Classical comparative advantage.
(b) Heckscher-Ohlin model consideration.
(c) taste reversals.
(d) scale economies.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: D
32. We often observe intra-industry North-South trade in “computers and related devices.” This is
due to
(a) classification and aggregation ambiguities.
(b) monopolistic competition.
(c) specific factors issues.
(d) scale economies.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: A
33. We often observe “pseudo-intra-industry trade” between the United States and Mexico. Actually,
such trade is consistent with
(a) oligopolistic markets.
(b) comparative advantage associated with Heckscher-Ohlin model.
(c) optimal tariff issues.
(d) huge sucking sound.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
34. Intra-industry trade will tend to dominate trade flows when which of the following exists?
(a) Large differences between relative country factor availabilities
(b) Small differences between relative country factor availabilities
(c) Homogeneous products that cannot be differentiated
(d) Constant cost industries
(e) None of the above.
Answer: B
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Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade 71
35. The most common form of price discrimination in international trade is
(a) non-tariff barriers.
(b) Voluntary Export Restraints.
(c) dumping.
(d) preferential trade arrangements.
(e) None of the above.
Answer: C
Essay Questions
1. Why is it that if an industry were operating under conditions of domestic internal scale economies
(applies to firm in the country)—then the resultant equilibrium cannot be consistent with the pure competition model?
Answer: Because once one firm became bigger than another, or if one firm began the industry, then no other firm would be able to match its per unit cost, so that they would be driven out of
the industry.
2. Is it possible that if positive scale economies characterize an industry, that its equilibrium may be
consistent with purely competitive conditions? Explain how this could happen.
Answer: Yes. If the scale economies were external to the firm, then there is no reason why the firms may not be in perfect competition.
3. If a scale economy is the dominant technological factor defining or establishing comparative
advantage, then the underlying facts explaining why a particular country dominates world markets in some product may be pure chance, or historical accident. Explain, and compare this with the answer you would give for the Heckscher-Ohlin model of comparative advantage.
Answer: This statement is true, since the reason the seller is a monopolist may be that it happened to have been the first to produce this product in this country. It may have no connection to
any supply or demand related factors; nor to any natural or man-made availability. This is
all exactly the opposite of the Heckscher-Ohlin Neo-Classical model’s explanation of the
determinants of comparative advantage.
4. It is possible that trade based on external scale economies may leave a country worse off than it
would have been without trade. Explain how this could happen.
Answer: One answer is that the terms of trade effects may dominate any other factors.
5. If scale economies were not only external to firms, but were also external to individual countries.
That is, the larger the worldwide industry (regardless of where firms or plants are located), the
cheaper would be the per-unit cost of production. Describe what world trade would look like in this case.
Answer: Presumably each country would specialize in some component of the final product. This would result in much observed intra-industry trade.
6. Why are increasing returns to scale and fixed costs important in models of international trade and
monopolistic competition?
Answer: There are many answers. Three of these are
(a) Increasing returns to scale, and high fixed costs may be inconsistent with perfect
competition. In such a case, the initial autarkic state may be a suboptimal equilibrium.
For example, relative prices may not equal marginal rates of transformation. It follows
from this that a change in output compositions associated with trade may result in a
national welfare for one or both trading countries that is inferior to that associated
with the initial autarkic conditions. Hence no “gains from trade.”
(b) In a case of increasing scale economies at the firm or plant level, the determination of
which product will be exported by which country is ex-ante indeterminate. Therefore,
deriving clear implications concerning the effects of trade on income distributions
such as may be derived from the Samuelson-Stolper Theorem is no longer generally
possible.
(c) Market structures containing positive scale economies and imperfect competition may
allow for “two-way trade,” or intra-industry trade. As in b. above, the various
theorems derivable from the Heckscher-Ohlin model concerning directions of trade
and income distributions are no longer generally applicable.
7. Explain why it may be argued that the relative importance of the intra-industry component of world
trade is likely to lessen economic strife or confrontation (a la Stolper-Samuelson) associated with commercial policy within countries in which overall trade is expanding?
Answer: In the case of the Neo-Classical H-O model, the expansion of trade will tend to increase the incomes of those factors in which the exports are relatively intense. This may create
situations in which unskilled labor’s already rel atively low relative incomes would worsen
in a country such as the U.S., hence heating up “class warfare.” In the case of intra-
industry trade, the expanding exports will tend to be in relatively fragmented subsets of
products (“brands”). Such export expan sion will have no determinant or systematic
tendency to affect relative factor returns in any deterministic manner.
8. Explain why positive economies of scale in one (of two) sectors may establish a comparative
advantage for the large (as compared to the small) country in the production of the commodity
which exhibits positive scale economies.
Answer: In the case of the H-O model, the actual size of the country is irrelevant in the
determination of the direction of trade (though it may affect the equilibrium terms of
trade). When positive scale economies apply to the production of one product, the country
that can devote more resources (in absolute terms) will be able to sell that product cheaper,
and therefore will be more likely to gain a “revealed” compar ative advantage in that
product. This will be the country with more factors (both labor and capital)—the larger
country.
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Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, and International Trade 71 Quantitative/Graphing Problems
1. The figure above represents the demand and cost functions facing a Brazilian Steel producing
monopolist. If it were unable to export, and was constrained by its domestic market, what quantity would it sell at what price?
Answer: It would sell 5 (million tons) at a price of $8/ton.
2. Now the monopolist discovers that it can export as much as it likes of its steel at the world price of
$5/ton. It will therefore expand for-export production up to the point where its marginal cost equals $5. How much steel will the monopolist sell, and at what price?
Answer: It would sell 10 million tons at $5/ton.
3. Given the opportunity to sell at world prices, the marginal (opportunity) cost of selling a ton
domestically is what?
Answer: $5/ton.
4. While selling exports it would also maximize its domestic sales by equating its marginal
(opportunity) cost to its marginal revenue of $5. How much steel would the firm sell domestically, and at what price?
Answer: 4 million tons at $10/ton.
5. The Brazilian firm is charging its foreign (U.S.) customers one half the price it is charging its
domestic customers. Is this good or bad for the real income or economic welfare of the
United States? Is the Brazilian firm engaged in dumping? Is this predatory behavior on the part
of the Brazilian steel company?
Answer: Good. Yes, if you define dumping as selling abroad at a price lower than domestically. No, if by dumping you mean selling below marginal cost. No—this is not being done in order
to capture market shares, but rather is “mere” static profit maximization behavior, as is
expected of any self-respecting monopolist.
6. The following Table describes the labor-input coefficients needed to produce one Widget in England
and Portugal. Both countries are identical in size, tastes, technology. This technology is described in the table below:
To Produce This Many Widgets, Or This Many Apples Labor-Hour Requirements
1 3
2 5
3 6
4 7
5 8
6 9
7 10
Let us assume that each country has 10 labor-hours available. Further, consumers always consume an equal amount of apples and widgets.
(a) How of each product will be produced in England under autarky? 2 widgets and 2 apples.
(b) Judging from autarky conditions, which country has a comparative advantage in widgets?
(c) If England (completely) specialized in widgets, how many widgets would be produced, and how
many apples?
(d) If the world terms of trade were established at 3.5 widgets 3.5 Apples, which country would
enjoy gains from trade (as compared to The autarky solution?)
(e) If Portugal were to completely specialize in widgets, how would the answers to c and d change?
(f) What would the production possibility curve look like in each country?
Answers: (a) 2 widgets and 2 apples
(b) None
(c) 7 widgets in England and 7 apples in Portugal
(d) both would gain from trade. Instead of consuming 2 widgets and 2 apples, they would
each consume 3.5 widgets and 3.5 apples.
(e) Same numbers as c, except that the countries will each be assigned a different product.
Exactly the same answer for d.
(f) convex to the origin.
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国际经济学作业答案-第六章
Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition, a n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a d e ?Multiple Choice Questions 1. External economies of scale arise when the cost per unit (a) rises as the industry grows larger. (b) falls as the industry grows larger rises as the average firm grows larger. (c) falls as the average firm grows larger. (d) remains constant. (e) None of the above. Answer: B 2. Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unit (a) rises as the industry grows larger. (b) falls as the industry grows larger. (c) rises as the average firm grows larger. (d) falls as the average firm grows larger. (e) None of the above. Answer: D 3. External economies of scale (a) may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (b) cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (c) tends to result in one huge monopoly. (d) tends to result in large profits for each firm. (e) None of the above. Answer: A 4. Internal economies of scale (a) may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (b) cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (c) are associated only with sophisticated products such as aircraft. (d) cannot form the basis for international trade. (e) None of the above. Answer: B
国际经济学作业答案第一章
Chapter 1 Introduction Multiple Choice Questions Historians of economic thought often describe ___________ written by _______ and published in __________ as the first real exposition of an economic model. “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1776 “Wealth of Nations,” David Hume, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1758 “Wealth of Nations,” Adam Smith, 1776 “Of the Balance of Trade,” David Hume, 1758 Answer: E From 1959 to 2000, the U.S. economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. imports roughly tripled in size. the share of US Trade in the economy roughly tripled in size. U.S. Imports roughly tripled as compared to U.S. exports. U.S. exports roughly tripled in size. Answer: C The United States is less dependent on trade than most other countries because the United States is a relatively large country. the United States is a “Superpower.” the military power of the United States makes it less dependent on anything. the United States invests in many other countries. many countries invest in the United States. Answer: A Ancient theories of international economics from the 18th and 19th Centuries are: not relevant to current policy analysis. are only of moderate relevance in today’s modern international economy. are highly relevant in today’s modern internationa l economy. are the only theories that actually relevant to modern international economy. are not well understood by modern mathematically oriented theorists. Answer: C
国际经济学在线作业
国际经济学在线作业 1．第1题 比较优势理论认为国际贸易的驱动力是 （）。 A.劳动生产率的差异 B.技术水平的差异 C.产品品质的差异 D.价格的差异 您的答案： A 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 2．第2题 如果一个大国对进口商品征收关税（）。 A.对贸易条件不产生影响 B.提高所有国家的贸易条件 C.提高本国的贸易条件 D.导致本国贸易条件恶化 您的答案： C 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 3．第3题 通常所说的“纸黄金”是（）。 A.黄金 B.外汇 C.普通提款权 D.特别提款权 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 4．第4题 甲乙两国货币的实际汇率由名义汇率以及
（）共同决定。 A.甲国货币购买力 B.乙国货币购买力 C.两国利率水平 D.两国相对物价水平 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 5．第5题 根据蒙代尔的“政策配合说”，用来实现外部均衡的 政策手段是（）。 A.财政政策 B.货币政策 C.汇率政策 D.直接管制 您的答案： B 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 6．第6题 不能解释产业内贸易现象的理论有( )。 A.重叠需求理论 B.要素比例理论 C.规模经济理论 D.垄断竞争理论 您的答案： B 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 7．第7题 属于非关税壁垒的措施是( )。 A.反倾销税 B.反补贴税 C.进口附加税
D.国内最低限价 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 8．第8题 下述哪一种不属于投机性外汇交易( )。 A.双边套汇 B.多边套汇 C.套利 D.套期保值 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 9．第17题 IS-LM模型是宏观经济分析的一个重要工具，是描述____市场和____市场之间相互联系的理论结构。（） A.货币资本 B.资本劳动力 C.资本商品 D.货币产品 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0 10．第18题 国际经济一体化的形式不包括（）。 A.关税同盟 B.自由贸易区 C.共同市场 D.自由市场 您的答案： D 题目分数： 2 此题得分： 2.0
国际经济学第6章
第六章：规模经济，不完全竞争和国际贸易 1.外部规模经济指的是每单位成本： A．随行业扩大而增加 B．随行业扩大而降低 C．随平均每家公司扩大而降低 D．保存不变 E．以上都不是 答案：B 2. 内部规模经济指的是每单位成本： A．随行业扩大而增加 B．随行业扩大而降低 C．随每家公司扩大而增加 D．随每家公司扩大而降低 E．以上都不是 答案：D 3.外部规模经济 A可能和一个完全竞争行业相联系 B．与完全竞争行业无关 C．将导致一个大的垄断 D．将导致每个厂家都得到利润 E．以上都不是 答案：A 4.内部规模经济 A可能和一个完全竞争行业相联系 B．与完全竞争行业无关 C．只和尖端的产品相联系，例如飞机 D．不能产生国际贸易 E，以上都不是 答案：B 5.一个垄断者 A．可以在市场上按照他决定的价格出售产品 B．不能决定价格，价格由消费者需求决定 C．当产品供应量很大，无需求弹性时，不可能出售产品D．不可能出售额外的量除非提高每一单位的价格 E以上都不是 答案:C 6.垄断竞争和什么联系 A．激烈的价格竞争 B．产品差异化 C．明确考虑其他企业的价格决策对本企业的反馈影响
D．高利润边际 E．以上都不是 答案：B 7．当存在规模经济时，一个国家生产规模可能被什么限制 A．国家的规模大小 B．贸易国的规模大小 C．国内市场的规模大小 D．国内和国外市场的大小 E．以上都不是 答案:D 8.当存在规模经济，市场规模的增大将会 A．增加厂家的数量和单位产品的价格 B．减少厂家的数量和增加单位产品的价格 C．增加厂家的数量和降低单位产品的价格 D．降低厂家的数量和降低单位产品价格 E．以上都不是 答案：C 9.美国同时进口和出口一种产品是一下那个例子 A．增加规模报酬 B．不完全竞争 C．行业内贸易 D．行业间贸易 E．以上都不是 答案：C 10.当投入增加一倍时如果产量要增加超过一倍，这种生产在什么条件下发生A．规模报酬递增 B．不完全竞争 C．行业内贸易 D．行业间贸易 E．以上都不是 答案A 11行业内贸易可以被部分解释为 A国家之间没有运输费用的交易 B．数据集合和范畴的问题 C．规模报酬递增 D．以上都是 E．以上都不是 答案：C
国际经济学作业答案
C h a p t e r7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r M o v e m e n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework (a) I nternational trade in goods (b) I nternational conflict resolution (c) I nternational trade in services (d) I nternational trade in factors of production (e) I nternational borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) t he physical increase in output as country grows. (b) t he dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) t he increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) t he marginal product of labor. (e) t he marginal product of capital.
Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) i ncrease total world output. (b) i mprove the economic welfare of everyone. (c) i mprove the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) i mprove the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) N one of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) w orkers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) w orkers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) w orkers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country.
国际经济学作业答案-第八章
C h a p t e r8T h e I n s t r u m e n t s o f T r a d e P o l i c y Multiple Choice Questions 1. Specific tariffs are (a) import taxes stated in specific legal statutes. (b) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods. (c) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods. (d) the same as import quotas. (e) None of the above. Answer: B 2. Ad valorem tariffs are (a) import taxes stated in ads in industry publications. (b) import taxes calculated as a fixed charge for each unit of imported goods. (c) import taxes calculated as a fraction of the value of the imported goods. (d) the same as import quotas (e) None of the above. Answer: C 3. The excess supply curve of a product we (H) import from foreign countries (F) increases as (a) excess demand of country H increases. (b) excess demand of country F increases. (c) excess supply of country H increases. (d) excess supply of country F increases. (e) None of the above. Answer: D 4. If a good is imported into (large) country H from country F, then the imposition of a tariff in country H (a) raises the price of the good in both countries (the “Law of One Price”). (b) raises the price in country H and cannot affect its price in country F. (c) lowers the price of the good in both countries. (d) lowers the price of the good in H and could raise it in F. (e) raises the price of the good in H and lowers it in F. Answer: E
国际经济学作业答案第六章
Economi es of Scal e, I mper f ect Compet i t i on, Chapter 6 a n d I n t e r n a t i o n a l Multiple Choice Questions 1.External economies of scale arise when the cost per unit (a)rises as the industry grows larger. (b)falls as the industry grows larger rises as the average firm grows larger. (c)falls as the average firm grows larger. (d)remains constant. (e)None of the above. Answer: B 2.Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unit (a)rises as the industry grows larger. (b)falls as the industry grows larger. (c)rises as the average firm grows larger. (d)falls as the average firm grows larger. (e)None of the above. Answer: D 3.External economies of scale (a)may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (b)cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (c)tends to result in one huge monopoly. (d)tends to result in large profits for each firm. (e)None of the above. Answer: A 4.Internal economies of scale (a)may be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (b)cannot be associated with a perfectly competitive industry. (c)are associated only with sophisticated products such as aircraft. (d)cannot form the basis for international trade. (e)None of the above. Answer: B
国际经济学 第6章 学习重点
第六章学习重点 本章内容较多，重点如下： 1、重点理解固定汇率制度与浮动汇率制度的优劣之争。（按照笔记内容答题） 2、识记汇率制度的种类、各自定义。 3、识记政府对外汇市场干预的分类及各自含义，理解冲销式干预与非冲销式干 预。 4、外汇管制的含义及其种类。 5、了解资本外逃和货币替代的含义。 6、理解货币自由兑换的含义、层次、条件，当前人民币自由兑换的状况。 7、理解国际储备与国际清偿力的含义及区别、国际储备的构成、作用与管理（理 解影响国际储备适度规模决定的因素）。 8、能对当前人民币汇率制度有所了解，并能谈出自己对人民币汇率制度改革的 观点。 复习题 一、名词解释 1、汇率制度 2、固定汇率制度 3、浮动汇率制度 4、清洁浮动与肮脏浮动 5、爬行钉住汇率制度 6、汇率目标区制 7、货币局制度 8、蜜月效应 9、离婚效应10、直接干预与间接干预11、冲销式干预与非冲销式干预 12、单边干预与联合干预13、熨平每日波动型干预14、逆向型干预 15、非官方钉住型干预16、货币自由兑换17、复汇率制度 18、国际储备19、国际清偿力20、特别提款权21、资本外逃 22、货币替代 二、问答题 1、试比较固定汇率制度与浮动汇率制度的优劣。 2、简述蒙代尔——弗莱明模型的假设、推理与结论。（图示） 3、一国选择汇率制度应考虑哪些因素？ 4、试述一国货币自由兑换应具备的条件，并结合中国的情况，说明人民币能否 在近期内实现完全可自由兑换。 5、试述当前现行的人民币汇率制度的内容、改革方向（对与改革方向应能阐明 自己的理由） 6、试述一国应如何管理本国的国际储备。结合中国的情况，谈一下你对我国巨 额外汇储备的看法及解决途径。 7、简述政府干预外汇市场的目的。 8、简述国际储备的作用。 三、不定项选择、填空题和判断题 1、国际储备的内容要广于国际清偿能力。（） 2、国际储备由、、、四部分组成。 3、特别提款权是由IMF创立的用以清算企业间国际贸易收支的帐面资产。（） 4、第二次世界大战后，西方国家实行的浮动汇率制都是（） A．联合浮动B．自由浮动
国际经济学作业答案第七章.docx
Ch a p t e r 7I n t e r n a t i o n a l F a c t o r Mo v e me n t s Multiple Choice Questions 1.Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework? (a)International trade in goods (b)International conflict resolution (c)International trade in services (d)International trade in factors of production (e)International borrowing and lending Answer: B 2.The slope of the production function measures (a)the physical increase in output as country grows. (b)the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c)the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d)the marginal product of labor. (e)the marginal product of capital. Answer: D 3.International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a)increase total world output. (b)improve the economic welfare of everyone. (c)improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d)improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e)None of the above. Answer: E 4.If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a)workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b)workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c)workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. (d)workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country. (e)workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. Answer: C
东财《国际经济学》在线作业一
(单选题) 1: 孟代尔-弗莱明模型考察一国货币政策和财政政策效果时,假定 ( ) A: 资本完全不流动 B: 资本不完全流动 C: 资本完全流动 D: 上述说法都不对 正确答案: (单选题) 2: 将一国的通货膨胀因素考虑进汇率决定的理论是 ( ) A: 利率平价理论 B: 货币主义理论 C: 绝对购买力平价理论 D: 相对购买力平价理论 正确答案: (单选题) 3: 大国实施出口补贴之所以受损失更大,是因为 () A: 大国的实力不强 B: 大国的财政补贴太多 C: 大国的进口量太大 D: 大国会影响国际市场价格 正确答案: (单选题) 4: 对国际收支定义比较全面的理论是 ( ) A: 弹性分析法 B: 货币分析法 C: 吸收分析法 D: 资产组合分析法 正确答案: (单选题) 5: 价格-黄金调节机制针对的是 ( ) A: 布雷顿森林体系 B: 牙买加体系 C: 金本位制 D: 纸币制度 正确答案: (单选题) 6: 对小国而言,最优关税 () A: 是最高关税 B: 是零关税 C: 是禁止性关税 D: 介于零关税和禁止性关税之间 正确答案: (单选题) 7: 关税同盟理论的提出者是 () A: 李斯特 B: 弗农 C: 林德 D: 瓦伊纳 正确答案:
(单选题) 8: 对于大国征收关税的情况,下列说法正确的是 () A: 消费者可能从中获益 B: 生产者会有净损失 C: 政府会损失关税收入 D: 国家的净福利可能为正 正确答案: (单选题) 9: 能够从贸易创造效应中获得福利增加的是 ( ) A: 政府 B: 生产者 C: 出口商 D: 消费者 正确答案: (单选题) 10: 一国实施了鼓励出口的生产补贴之后 ( ) A: 消费者剩余减少 B: 生产者剩余增加 C: 消费者剩余增加 D: 生产者剩余减少 正确答案: (单选题) 11: 绝对优势理论是比较优势理论的一个特例,这种说法 () A: 错误 B: 正确 C: 要根据具体情况分析 D: 无法判断 正确答案: (单选题) 12: 一国的对外贸易政策,同整个世界的经济福利是一致的,这种说法 ( ) A: 正确 B: 不正确 C: 无法判断 正确答案: (单选题) 13: 根据哈罗德命题,如果A国工资的增长率小于人均产值的增长率,A国会出现( ) A: 出超倾向 B: 入超倾向 C: 平衡趋势 D: 无法判断 正确答案: (单选题) 14: 购买力平价理论的基础是 () A: 利率平价成立 B: 铸币平价成立 C: 一价定律成立 D: 汇兑心理说 正确答案:
西交《国际经济学》在线作业1答案
西交《国际经济学》在线作业 试卷总分:100 得分:0 一、单选题(共20 道试题,共40 分) 1.国际经济关系,即一国同其他国家的贸易和与贸易有关的()流动的活动及由此而产生的在一定的国际经济秩序条件下的利益分配关系 A.人口 B.自然 C.商品 D.生产要素 正确答案:D 2.国际金融理论部分,主要讨论世界货币——外汇及其汇率和汇率理论。与此相关还要分析()、国际储备和国际金融市场的有关理论和实践 A.国际收支 B.国际人才流动 C.国际交流 D.国际竞争 正确答案:A 3.()指出,与其他国家相比,美国资本拥有量相对丰富,按照赫—俄理论应该是资本密集型产品的出口国和劳动密集型产品的进口国。然而他运用投入产出方法,对美国经济统计资料进行验证的结果却与理论预测不同,被称为里昂惕夫之谜或里昂惕夫悖论 A.亚当?斯密 B.李嘉图 C.图灵 D.里昂惕夫 正确答案:D 4.从是否改变一国的生产结构,可将贸易利益区分为交换利益和() A.专业化利益 B.生产利益 C.国际交换利益 D.利益 正确答案:A 5.在古典贸易模型中,假设A国有120名劳动力,B国有50名劳动力,A国生产棉花的人均产量是2吨,B国也是2吨;A国生产大米的人均产量是10吨,B国则是16吨。哪国拥有生产大米的比较优势? A.A国 B.B国
C.A国和B国一样 D.无法比较 正确答案:B 6.产品生命周期是(productlifecycle)观念,简称PLC,是把一个产品的()历史比作象人的生命周期一样,要经历出生、成长、成熟、老化、死亡等阶段。就产品而言,也就是要经历一个开发、引进、成长、成熟、衰退的阶段 A.生产 B.研发 C.销售 D.售后 正确答案:C 7.利用本国货币对外()的机会,向外倾销商品和争夺市场的行为称为外汇倾销 A.贬值 B.保值 C.增值 D.倾销 正确答案:A 8.国际贸易通过一系列刺激效应和传递机制作用于经济部门,最终推动经济增长的动态机制。这种最终推动经济增长的贸易利益称为(),也称贸易间接利益 A.静态贸易利益 B.贸易直接利益 C.动态贸易利益 D.静止利益 正确答案:C 9.()是指期限为一年或一年以内的国际资本流动 A.短期资本流动 B.长期资本流动 C.国际资本流动 D.不定期资本流动 正确答案:A 10.只有()才能在总体上反映一国自主性交易的状况 A.经常项目 B.资本项目 C.贸易收支
国际经济学第六章
Chapter 6 The Standard Trade Model 一、选择题 1、“在一个贸易快速增长的国家中，新资本的迅速积累会使该国进口更多的自然资源。”隐含于这一论断的定理是： A．赫克歇尔—俄林定理。 B．斯托伯—萨缪尔森定理。 C．罗伯津斯基定理。 D．要素价格均等化定理。 2、如果一国在资本密集型产品的生产方面具有比较优势，而且，资本增长的速度快于其他投入品（如劳动力）的增长速度，那么，根据贸易理论，由此而导致的增长模式为：A．进口替代。 B．资本密集型商品和其他贸易商品均衡增长。 C．出口扩张。 D．以上三者都不对。 3、贫困化增长的一个必要条件为： A．国家的增长偏向于出口产业。 B．外国对该国的出口需求具有价格弹性。 C．国家的消费偏好高度偏向于出口商品。 D．贸易在国民经济中比重不大。 4、赫克歇尔—俄林理论成功地解释了： A．发生于美国之外的产品创新过程和产业的布局与发展。 B．出口和进口同类产品的国家变得更为重要。 C．由于在要素禀赋方面的类似性，美国和加拿大之间的贸易在日益增加。 D．具有不同要素禀赋的工业化国家和发展中国家之间的贸易模式。 二、问答题 1、在某些情况下，相对供给和价格的变动之间可能没有联系。例如，如果生产要素在部门之间完全不可流动，生产可能性边界就成了直角形状，两种产品的产出不取决于它们的相对价格。在这种情况下，贸易条件的改善是否会提高一国的福利水平？画图分析。 2、和供给方面要素不可流动性相当的就是需求方面的产品不可替代性。试想一个国家的消费者购买的产品的比例是固定的。例如，不论两种产品的相对价格是多少，每买1磅粮食就买1码布。画图分析贸易条件的改善是否会提高这个国家的福利水平。 3、日本原本出口制造品进口原材料如石油、粮食。分析以下情况下日本贸易条件的变化：（1）中东战争使石油供应紧缺。 （2）韩国扩展了汽车的生产能力，并在美国和加拿大进行销售。 （3）美国的工程师建立了核反应堆以代替石油燃料发电厂。 （4）俄罗斯农业歉收。 （5）日本降低牛肉和柑橘的进口关税。
国际经济学作业答案-第七章
Chapter 7 International Factor Movements Multiple Choice Questions 1. Which of the following differs in its essential analytical framework? (a) International trade in goods (b) International conflict resolution (c) International trade in services (d) International trade in factors of production (e) International borrowing and lending Answer: B 2. The slope of the production function measures (a) the physical increase in output as country grows. (b) the dollar-value increase in output as a country grows. (c) the increase in number of workers as immigration proceeds. (d) the marginal product of labor. (e) the marginal product of capital. Answer: D 3. International free labor mobility will under all circumstances (a) increase total world output. (b) improve the economic welfare of everyone. (c) improve the economic welfare of workers everywhere. (d) improve the economic welfare of landlords (or capital owners) everywhere. (e) None of the above. Answer: E 4. If the world attained a perfect Heckscher-Ohlin model equilibrium with trade, then (a) workers in the labor abundant country would migrate to the capital abundant country. (b) workers in the labor abundant country would wish to migrate to the capital abundant country. (c) workers in the labor abundant country would have no desire to migrate to the capital abundant country. (d) workers in the capital abundant country would wish to migrate to the labor abundant country. (e) workers in the capital abundant country would migrate to the labor abundant country. Answer: C
国际经济学作业答案第六章
国际经济学作业答案第六 章 This manuscript was revised by the office on December 10, 2020.
Chapter 6 Economies of Scale, Imperfect Competition,and International Trade Multiple Choice Questions 1. External economies of scale arise when the cost per unit (a) r ises as the industry grows larger. (b) f alls as the industry grows larger rises as the average firm grows larger. (c) f alls as the average firm grows larger. (d) r emains constant. (e) N one of the above. Answer: B 2. Internal economies of scale arise when the cost per unit (a) r ises as the industry grows larger. (b) f alls as the industry grows larger. (c) r ises as the average firm grows larger. (d) f alls as the average firm grows larger. (e) N one of the above.
西交《国际经济学》在线作业
一、单选题（共 20 道试题，共 40 分。）V 1. 要素丰裕度衡量的是一个国家所拥有的经济资源的相对丰富性，或者说是一个国家的相对资源供给量。判断一国的要素丰裕度一般有两种方法：（1）实物单位定义法：如果B国的可用总资本和可用总劳动力的比率大于A国，则B国是资本丰裕的国家，A国是劳动力丰裕的国家。（2）（）：如果B国资本的价格与劳动力的价格的比率小于A国，则B国是资本丰裕的国家，A国是劳动力丰裕的国家、 A. 要素绝对价格定义法 B. 实物绝对价格定义法 C. 要素相对价格定义法 D. 实物相对价格定义法 满分：2 分 2. 在某种产品的生产上比之其他国家拥有（）的劳动生产率或更低的生产成本即为一国的绝对优势、 A. 更高 B. 更低 C. 相等 D. 无法比较 满分：2 分 3. 在法兰克福市场上，汇率＄1=DM1.25用的是（）。 A. 间接标价法 B. 市场标价法 C. 直接标价法 D. 混合标价 满分：2 分 4. （）是指期限为一年或一年以内的国际资本流动、 A. 短期资本流动 B. 长期资本流动 C. 国际资本流动 D. 不定期资本流动 满分：2 分 5. 国际贸易通过一系列刺激效应和传递机制作用于经济部门，最终推动经济增长的动态机制。这种最终推动经济增长的贸易利益称为（），也称贸易间接利益、 A. 静态贸易利益 B. 贸易直接利益 C. 动态贸易利益 D. 静止利益 满分：2 分 6. 在国际贸易中，所谓等价交换就是国际价值等量的交换，不等价交换就是国际价值不等量的交换。不等价交换意味着国际剥削的存在。其原因有政治上的、历史上的，但主要表现是（）上的，即各个国家之间因为存在着劳动生产率的差异而引起商品的国别价值与国际价值的差别，从而造成国际交换中的不等价交换。 A. 政治 B. 经济 C. 社会 D. 国际
国际经济学作业答案
第一章练习与答案 1．为什么说在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要？ 答案提示：当生产处于生产边界线上，资源则得到了充分利用，这时，要想增加某一产品的生产，必须降低另一产品的生产，也就是说，增加某一产品的生产是有机会机本（或社会成本）的。生产可能性边界上任何一点都表示生产效率和充分就业得以实现，但究竟选择哪一点，则还要看两个商品的相对价格，即它们在市场上的交换比率。相对价格等于机会成本时，生产点在生产可能性边界上的位置也就确定了。所以，在决定生产和消费时，相对价格比绝对价格更重要。 2．仿效图1—6和图1—7，试推导出Y商品的国民供给曲线和国民需求曲线。 答案提示： 3．在只有两种商品的情况下，当一个商品达到均衡时，另外一个商品是否也同时达到均衡？ 试解释原因。 答案提示： 4．如果生产可能性边界是一条直线，试确定过剩供给（或需求）曲线。 答案提示： 5．如果改用Y商品的过剩供给曲线（B国）和过剩需求曲线（A国）来确定国际均衡价格，那么所得出的结果与图1—13中的结果是否一致？ 答案提示：国际均衡价格将依旧处于贸易前两国相对价格的中间某点。 6．说明贸易条件变化如何影响国际贸易利益在两国间的分配。 答案提示：一国出口产品价格的相对上升意味着此国可以用较少的出口换得较多的进口产品，有利于此国贸易利益的获得，不过，出口价格上升将不利于出口数量的增加，有损于出口国的贸易利益；与此类似，出口商品价格的下降有利于出口商品数量的增加，但是这意味着此国用较多的出口换得较少的进口产品。对于进口国来讲，贸易条件变化对国际贸易利益的影响是相反的。 7．如果国际贸易发生在一个大国和一个小国之间，那么贸易后，国际相对价格更接近于哪一个国家在封闭下的相对价格水平？ 答案提示：贸易后，国际相对价格将更接近于大国在封闭下的相对价格水平。 8．根据上一题的答案，你认为哪个国家在国际贸易中福利改善程度更为明显些？ 答案提示：小国。 9*．为什么说两个部门要素使用比例的不同会导致生产可能性边界曲线向外凸？ 答案提示： 第二章答案 1．根据下面两个表中的数据，确定（1）贸易前的相对价格；（2）比较优势型态。 表1 X、Y的单位产出所需的劳动投入 A B
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