研究生英语课程课后答案(专硕)

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Unit 1

Text A

II. Language points

1. How successful you’ll be in making transitions among careers can at least be partially attributed to the amount of career planning and preparation you’ve done.(Para. 1) If you are well-prepared in making plans for your future career, the chances are that you might as well succeed in changing your career because how successfully you change your career may in part result from what preparations you’ve done in career planning.

2. Think of career planning as building bridges from your current job/career to your next job/career; without the bridge, you may easily stumble or lose your way, but with the bridge there is safety and directions. (Para. 2) You should regard making plans for your career as building bridges which are the transitions from your current job/career to your next job/career and may help you find the right door to the future.

3. And while career planning and career decision-making is an important aspect of your life, do not put so much pressure on yourself that it paralyzes you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans. (Para. 5)… don’t put too much pressure on yourself to make real choices, decisions, or plans.

4. To help you with your career planning, consider using the following exercises to their fullest potential. (Para. 6) … consider using the following exercises to their fullest degree/ as much as possible.

5. Reflect on the times and situations in which you feel most passionate, most energetic, most engaged — and see if you can develop a common profile of these situations. (Para. 9) Consider the times and situations in which you feel most excited, most vigorous, most engrossed—and try to generalize the features these situations have in common.

6. Remember those papers you had to write as a kid about what you wanted to be when you grew up? (Para. 13) Do you still remember when you were little you were asked to write about what you would like to be in the future?

7. Take the time to revert back to those idyllic times and brainstorm about your current dream job; be sure not to let any negative thoughts cloud your thinking. (Para. 13) Spend some time in returning back to these simple, peaceful and pleasant times and trying to think more about your current ideal job to make sure that no negative thoughts could make your thinking obscure /unclear.

8. Look for ideas internally, but also make the effort to explore/research other careers/ occupations that interest you. (Para. 13) You should not only look for ideas inside yourself/ at the bottom of your heart, but also explore/research other careers/occupations you are interested in from the outside.

9. Pinpoint the qualifications you need to move to the next step in your career or to make the move to

a new career path. (Para. 18) Mark clearly the qualifications that are needed in career changing.

10. If you’re not sure, search job postings and job ads, conduct informational interviews, research job

descriptions. (Para. 18) If you’re not sure about the qualifications required in the new career, you should search job postings and job advertisements for those qualifications, take part in interviews in

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which you know something about the job, and study the list of general tasks, or functions, and responsibilities of a position..

11. Develop a timeline and action plans for achieving each type, being sure to set specific goals and

priories. (Para. 20) Make a timetable and action plans for achieving each type of qualification you need and remember to set concrete goals and decide what should be done first.

12. Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have or plan for

today may not be in demand years from now. (Para. 21) Businesses, careers, and the workplace are rapidly changing, and the skills that you have mastered or you plan to master now may not be required or needed in the future.

13. Long-range career planning should be more about identifying and developing core skills that

employers will always value while developing your personal and career goals in broad strokes. (Para.

21) When planning career for the long run, you should focus on pinpointing and developing the essential

skills in general that will always be valued no matter whom your employers are or how time changes. 14. Here’s a collection of the best self-assessment tools, designed to give you a better idea of your

attitudes and interests as they relate to possible career choices.(Para. 25) The best collected self-assessment tools are developed to make you clear about your attitudes and interests related to the careers that you may choose.

15. Some tools and resources especially for established job-seekers contemplating a career change.

(Para. 26) In the section of Career Change Resources, there are some tools and resources especially for those established job-hunters who consider changing careers.

16. Taking the time to use a career journal is a fantastic way to conduct career planning on a regular

basis.(Para. 31) It is great to spend some time using a career journal to carry out career planning regularly.

17. The concept of transferable skills is a vital job-search technique that all job-seekers should master,

though the concept is especially important for career changers and college students. (Para. 33) All job-hunters should master those skills that are needed to make transitions from school to workplace or from your current job to the next job

III. Key to the exercises

1. Reading Comprehension

(1) According to the author, career planning is very essential because it functions as bridges built from

one’s current job/career to his/her next job/career and with the bridges there is safety and direction.

(2) The main idea of the passage:

The passage offers some basic guidelines for both short-term and long-term career planning.

(3) Short-term career plan and long-term career plan are different. A short-term career plan focuses on

a timeframe ranging from the coming year to the next few years. It is characterized by developing

realistic goals and objectives that can be accomplished in the near future. But long-term career planning usually involves a broader set of guidelines and preparation and focuses on and developing workplace core skills and identifying career trends.

(4) In order to hold a positive attitude towards short-term career planning, you should free yourself

form all career barriers, such as personal barriers, family pressure and peer pressure. And you

Unit 1

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shouldn’t put so much pressure on yourself because it may paralyze you from making any real choices, decisions, or plans.

(5) Before you develop a picture of yourself and your career, you should analyze your current/future

lifestyle, likes/dislikes, passion, definition of success, personality, dream job and current situation.

2. Vocabulary

Section A

(1) on the move (2) In terms of (3) quintessential (4) perspective

(5) priority (6) cloud (7) brainstormed (8) extravert, introvert

(9) Reverting(10) timeframe

Section B

(1) A (2) B (3) C (4) C (5) A (6) D (7) D (8) A (9) C (10) A

3. Cloze

(1) right (2) not (3) wrong (4) First of all (5) knowledge

(6) Only (7) no matter what (8) outperform (9) successful (10) higher

(11) who (12) still (13) rather than (14) figure out (15) worst

(16) Then (17) However (18) rehearse (19) more (20)instead of

4. Translation

A. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) Although we failed this time, we should not be sunk in apathy, because as we all know, “failure is the

mother of success.” And we are all wedded to the belief that this failure will be the beginning of future success.

(2) The idyllic Indonesian island is a beautiful combination of spirituality, natural beauty and a taste of

the exotic.

(3) Adolescence, the transition from childhood to adulthood, is always a critical time for everybody. So

parents must pay spe cial attention to their children’s growth in this period.

(4) Thank you for your really practical advice, but I still need time to reflect on it.

(5) You’d better contemplate the related issues before making a final decision, and formulate a feasible

action plan that can be fulfilled in one year.

(6) In this English Speaking Contest, what impresses me most is that contestant 11 is a very fluent

speaker of English, but it’s a pity that he fails to confine himself to the subject.

(7) Neither difficulty nor failure frustrates his passion in his research. He was content to go as far as he

could.

(8) Anthropologists, as far as I know, are still unable to pinpoint just where along the line man and the

apes branched into two distant species.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

We all have goals and aspirations. Sometimes we have difficulty knowing where to start. We want that new body, or want to be healthy and have more energy, but we just do not know what the first step is. In addition, the road to our goals is sometimes a rocky one. It is difficult to transgress and sometimes we just

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want to give up. We sometimes forget that our current situation did not occur overnight and so changing it will not happen overnight either. It will take time and hard work. Therefore, I suggest that you should set only one goal at a time.When you try to take on too much at once, you can become overwhelmed quickly. Create a list and take one goal at a time. Once you achieve that goal, back to your list to mark it off, and move to the next one. The act of achieving goals individually will give you a greater sense of accomplishment. You can even break the one goal into smaller parts. This gives you motivation and success more often than waiting for days or months to achieve a larger goal.

B. English to Chinese

1) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

每位求职者都需要花点时间远离日常繁忙的工作，仔细思量你的事业，为未来制定计划。无论你喜欢现在的工作和老板或是感到受缚于目前工作，职业规划能够帮助你。职业规划被视作建立连接目前工作/职业和未来工作/职业的桥梁，没有这座桥，你会跌跌撞撞或迷失方向；但有了这座桥，就有了安全的保证和明确的方向。

2) Read the passage carefully and translate the underlined sentences into Chinese.

（1）一位权威科学家警告说，机器人在家庭、工作场所和战争中的兴起必须受到伦理规范的监督和控制，以此限定机器人在一些敏感情境中的运用，比如看小孩、照顾老人以及作战等情境。

（2）谢菲尔德大学的人工智能专家诺埃尔·夏基教授警告说，机器人正被引入潜在的敏感情境中，这可能会导致（被服务者）与世隔绝的状态，因为人们在给机器人设定指令后，往往很长时间不再问津。

（3）第一条规定机器人不得伤害人类；第二条规定机器人必须服从人类的命令，但不得违反第一条定律；第三条规定机器人应尽量保护自己，但不得违反前两条定律。

（4）但是20世纪末提出的有关具有高度人工智能的机器人将崛起的预言并未实现，不过机器人科学家已赋予了听命于他们的机器以准智能的特征，比如简单的言语识别、情绪表达以及面部识别等能力。

（5）目前机器人的智力水平连愚蠢都算不上。如果我哪怕认为他们会在智力上高出人类一等，我都不会有这些担忧了。

Text B

Career Path: Acting Your Age

Key to the exercises

Guess the meaning of the word(s)

(1) troublesome (2) strenuous (3) handicap (4) similar in meaning

(5) applies (6) commendable (7) saturated (8) intimidating

(9) attracting (10) What’s more

True or false

(1)T (2) F (3) T (4) F (5) F (6) T (7) T (8) F

Unit 2

Text A

Unit 1

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II. Language points

1. Even a modest space voyage, Dyson calculated, would set the average family back 1,500 years in wages. (Para.1) According to Dyson’s calculation, even a modest and common space voyage would cost the average family wages of about 1,500 years.

set back:cost (a person) specific amount

e.g. My new car set me back $3 000.

2. The difference reflected the relative difficulty of space travel, but also the limitations of big government programs to do things on the cheap.(Para.1) The cost difference not only has showed space travel is much more difficult than the Mayflower’s voyage in 1620 and the westward journey of the Mormons in 1840s, but also proved that government needs to reduce its spending on big and expensive programs and turn its attention to the programs that cost less money.

3. Nothing has happened in the past 40 years to suggest that NASA has come any closer to the commercial sweet spot of the Colonial settlers. (Para.2) In the past 40 years, nothing has shown that NASA’s has found its best solution to which it could start and develop its business just like early colonial settlers who found their place, Massachusetts, to settle down and made their living move on based on their settlement.

A sweet spot is a place, often numerical as opposed to physical, where a combination of factors suggests a particularly suitable solution. In the context of a racquet, bat or similar sporting instrument, sweet spot is often believed to be the same as the center of percussion. In this context, sweet spot means a financially profitable situation. Colonial settlers found this sweet spot while NASA didn’t come close.

4. The commission headed by Lockheed Martin chairman Norm Augustine that has spent much of the past ye ar deliberating on NASA’s human spaceflight program… (Para.2)

deliberate on: to consider /discuss or negotiate仔细研究，审议

e.g. We had no time to deliberate on the problem.

5. ...even though ending this program would send NASA’s international partners into apoplexy. (Para.2) …even though ending the ISS program would make NASA’s international partners feel very angry. The apoplexy is an outdated medical term, which can be used to mean “bleeding”. It can be used non-medically to mean a state of extreme rage or excitement.

6. More embarrassing, with NASA’s space shuttle due to be mothballed in 2010, and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule, not due to fly until 2012, the partners face a two year gap in which they will have to rely on Russia’s Soyuz ships to commute to the space station. (Para.2) To NASA’s embarrassment, they had to stop using their shuttle in 2010 and its cheaper replacement, the Orion capsule cannot fly until 2012, so there will be a two year gap between 2010 and 2012, in which NASA’s international partners have to depend on Russia’s ship to come and go to the space station. mothball:to decide not to use or develop something, for a period of time, especially a piece of equipment or a plan 封存；搁置不用

If someone in authority mothballs a plan, factory, or piece of equipment, they decide to stop developing or using it, perhaps temporarily.

7. The shortfall may force NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators to a degree that’s unprecedented in its history. (Para.3) The shortage or lack of money may force NASA to get commercial operators involved in its space-exploration program to a degree that has never happened

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before.

shortfall:n. 缺口；差额；亏空

If there is a shortfall in something, there is less of it than you need.

8. The move could create opportunities for the modern equivalents of Young and Bradford—entrepreneurs willing to risk their livelihoods on making the exploration of space affordable by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to their targets. (Para.3) The move —NASA’s opening up its space program to commercial or private sectors—could create opportunities for upcoming modern entrepreneurs like Young and Bradford in the early times. They are willing to take a risk in spending much money, effort and even their lives on space exploration in order to get it started and moved on by not only designing and building ships for NASA, but also by providing shuttle services to deliver NASA astronauts or equipment to meet NASA’s targets.

9. In the past, NASA has been deeply involved in managing design and development work by outside contractors, a messy process that made the shuttle expensive and unsafe, rather than cheap and safe. Now the agency is under pressure to step back and buy services wholesale from private firms. (Para.3) In the past, NASA has spent much effort and time asking outside contractors to design and develop space shuttles, which is a very complicated process making the space shuttle expensive and unsafe rather than cheap and safe. Now due to financial pressure, the agency has stepped back to entrust private firms to do all the business for NASA.

10. “We’re talking about a movement from where the government has been the prime contractor,

managing situations with a very hands-on role, to a situation where they are just a customer,” says Larry Williams. (Para.3) We are talking about the movement — NASA has shifted it role from a major contractor who needs to do every detailed and practical work by itself to a customer who buys services wholesale from private firms.

11. The next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft. (Para.5) The

next step is to enable the private firms to send astronauts to outer space just like cargo that can be delivered.

aloft:adj./adv. high in the air 在空中高处

Something that is aloft is in the air or off the ground.

12. To do that, NASA will have to relinquish some of its oversight of crew safety. This isn’t entirely

without precedent. (Para.5) In order to let private firms send astronauts into space, NASA will have to give up their responsibility of regulating crew safety. This has happened before.

relinquish:vt. to stop having something, especially when this happens unwillingly

If you relinquish something such as power or control, you give it up.

oversight: the state of being in charge of somebody/something 负责；照管

13. Space X claims it could adapt its cargo-carrying spaceship for ferrying a human crew in less than

three years, once it gets the green light.(Para.6) Space X claims it could make some change to its spaceship so that it could send people to outer space in less than three years, once it gets permission.

14. If Virgin and other commercial firms can deliver, Earth orbit will be far more accessible than it’s

ever been before. Although it would still be a stretch for all but the wealthiest people, costs could come down low enough to jump-start markets for tourism. (Para.8) If commercial firms like Virgin Galactic can deliver man to Earth orbit, then Earth orbit would be much easier to get to than ever before.

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It would be open to nobody but the wealthiest people since only the rich can afford the high price，but the cost could be reduced so that it would become a rising market for tourism.

15. The big sticking point, however, will be safety. Even though NASA holds the safety of its crew

paramount, it still hasn’t been able to escape the occasional disaster, like the loss of the Columbia shuttle and its crew in 2003. (Para.8) The key point is still the consideration of safety of its crew. Even though NASA regards the safety of its crew as the most important thing, it still hasn’t been able to avoid the occasional disaster, such as the loss of the Space shuttle, Columbia and its 7 crew members in 2003.

16. …the space shuttle is unreliable, in part, because its all-purpose design is overly complex. NASA

needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a long-duration trip, beyond the tether of Earth’s gravity. (Para.9) … the space shuttle is unreliable partly because it s space shuttle is designed for all- around purposes, such as carrying cargo or people, etc. And the process of design is extremely complex. NASA needs a bigger rocket capable of sending a crew, with equipment and supplies for a longer trip, beyond the limitation or influence of Earth’s gravity.

overly: too/ extremely

17. It might be able to entice commercial firms to undertake their own big rockets if there were some

payoff down the road. (Para.9) Private firms might be attracted to build their own rockets to deliver astronauts to outer space if they could get profits.

payoff:n. return; reward; payment

18. Many seemingly ridiculous ideas for generating energy and beaming it back to Earth now seem

much less so, thanks to the climate crisis. (Para.9) The ideas of generating energy and shining it back to earth, which used to sound very funny, but now seems much possible and necessary due to the consideration of the climate crisis.

19. …the challenge of sending people safely into deep space and back for a profi t is big enough to give

any entrepreneur pause. (Para.10) … the challenge for private services to send people safely into deep space and back for making profits is so big that any entrepreneur would hesitate before they take their steps.

give sb./sth. pause:使踌躇，使犹豫

This finding should give pause to it. 这个发现令人深思。

His recent behavior has given her pause about their relationship.

他最近的行为让她对他们的关系产生了犹豫。

20. The Industrial Revolution didn’t take off until the railways arrived. (Para.11)

Here it means that the private sector will play an important role and do lots of work in deep space only if NASA gets it started.

III. Key to the exercises

1. Reading comprehension

(1) In early times there was an essay comparing space travel to the colonization, but nothing can keep Dyson

from making a meticulous effort to quantify and compare the costs of these vastly different ventures. (2) By presenting the relationship between FedEx and the U.S. Postal service, the writer wants to show that

NASA actually can pay private firms, like Space X to design and develop space program.

(3) NASA opened up its space exploration program to commercial operators because NASA lacks funding to

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keep its human spaceflight program moving on and operating. So, it is the shortfall that forces NASA to open up its space-exploration program to commercial operators.

(4) There are two steps that NASA is going to take after it begins working with smaller companies. The first is

to get cargo delivered to space; the next step is to work out similar deals with private firms to send astronauts aloft.

(5) Give your own comments.

2. Vocabulary

Section A

(1) fanciful (2) eminent (3) meticulous (4) aloft (5) mogul

(6) shortfall (7) quantify (8) relinquished (9) entrust (10) wholesale

Section B

(1) C (2) B (3) C (4) D (5) B (6) C (7) B (8) D (9) C (10) B

3. Cloze

(1) predicted (2) pass (3) doubt (4) catch (5) running

(6) high-lever (7) lag (8) convinced (9)assured (10) reasonably

(11)dismissed (12) acute (13) called (14) offer (15) creation

(16) feats (17) failed (18) lack (19) blame (20) boss

4. Translation

A. Chinese to English

1) Translate the following sentences into English.

(1) By some estimates, 10 million Americans will be telecommuting in 5 years so that three quarters of a

billion gallons of petrol could be saved.

(2) Rogge also thanked the security forces that kept the Winter Olympic Games safe at the cost of about

$310 million, a bill that increased following the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks.

(3) Government has given our city a modern international airport capable of meeting our requirements far

into the next century.

(4) What makes parents worry is that some primary students keep indulging themselves in computer games

day and night and nothing can entice them from computers.

(5) It’s an interesting su ggestion for space program, but we need a bit longer time to give pause to it since

it is so costly.

(6) At present, government particularly needs to work on vocational training in various forms, open up new

opportunities of employment and strive to assist as many laid-off workers as possible in finding new jobs.

(7) A recent survey found 55 percent of those polled considered true love paramount in a relationship, while

45 percent still believed in love at first sight.

(8) Graduates are under great pressure before leaving college because of job hunting, poverty, emotional

problems, school achievements and surroundings, etc.

2) Translate the following paragraph into English.

After the Soviet space program launched the world’s first human-made satellite (Sputnik 1) on October 4, 1957, the attention of the United States turned toward its own fledgling space efforts. The U.S. Congress, alarmed by the perceived threat to U.S. security and technological leadership (known as the “Sputnik crisis”), urged immediate and swift action; President Dwight D. Eisenhower and his advisers counseled more deliberate

研究生英语一课后翻译答案

①A. 从更大的范围上讲，选民们往往仅因为某个政客的外表整洁清秀而对他做出有利的反应。他的对手则因为没有生就一副令人信任的外表而常常遭到否定的评价。这种判断是错误的，其后果可能是灾难性的。就算许多选民投一位候选人的票完全是出于政治原因，但本不该当选的人，如果他有整洁清秀的形象，就会使他在势均力敌的选举中占有优势。我们常常根据一个人的表达能力而做出轻率的判断。再回到政治这一话题上来，许多选民仅仅根据候选人公开演讲的方式就对他的能力做出判断。然而，一个候选人可能非常善于演说，但并不一定能胜任他所竞选的职位。我认识许多才能杰出的人物，他们只是没有培养自己在公开场合演讲的能力，但在与别人一对一的交流中却表现极为出色。这种能充分表达自己见解的能力，固然十分重要，但我们对于那些让人感觉善于辞令的人，往往产生错误的印象，因为很多情况下这种优点仅仅只是“表面现象”。不难想象，一位外表整洁清秀、讲话娓娓动听的政治家会轻而易举地战胜一位不事张扬但更为合格的对手。他之所以取胜仅仅是因为他的形象令人信服。 B. If you want a winning image with others, your first concern must be a winning self-image. The individual who has a losing self-image will never be able to project a winning image to others. He may be able to fool some people for a while, but his poor self-image will eventually make it impossible for him to relate favorably to others. Throughout the ages, great philosophers have stated, “You are what you think you are.”It is imperative for you to have good image of yourself if you want to create the same impression in others. No matter who you are, everything worthwhile will depend on your own self-image. Your happiness will be based on it. You will live only one life, and in order to enjoy it, you must have a winning self-image. Since we can all choose how we want to think ourselves, we should try to have positive, winning thoughts. In your own attempt to build a winning image you must begin with the self —otherwise, the image you strive for will be supported by nothing but a sand foundation. Any athlete will tell you that you must know you’re a winner in order to be one. To many, this kind of message will sound like double-talk, but it contains an essential truth. Although you can apply this same message to anything in life, I will use athletics as the basis for illustrating my thoughts about self-images because sports involve physical exertion by which desired results can be achieved. ②学习艺术的过程可以很方便地分为两个部分：一是精通理论；二是善于实践。如果我想学习医学，我必须首先了解人体结构和各种疾病。当我具有了这些理论知识以后，我并不能胜任医学工作。只有经过大量的实践，我才能掌握这门学科，直到最终我把所掌握的理论知识和实践收获结合起来，并融合为一体——即成为我的直觉知识，这才是掌握任何一门学科的本质。然而，除学习理论和实践以外，在任何一门学科上想成为专家还必需有第三个因素——那就是，掌握这门艺术是你最关心的事情，在这个世界上肯定没有比这门学科更为重要的东西了。这一点适用于音乐、医学、木工——也适合于爱情。这也可能正是问题的答案所在：为什么在我们的文化中人们即使已遭遇显而易见的失败，但人们很少去尝试学习爱这门艺术。虽然人们内心深藏着爱，但他们几乎把所有其他的东西如成功、名誉、金钱、权力都视为比爱更重要，几乎把所有的精力都用来学习如何实现这些目标了，几乎没有人去学习爱这门艺术。只有那些能赢得金钱和荣誉的东西才值得学习，而爱只是一件我们无权为之浪费许多精力的奢侈品，它只能使心灵获益、而毫无现代意义上的好处可言。难道果真如此吗？B. Intimacy, passion, and commitment are the warm, hot, and cold vertices of Sternberg’s love triangle. Alone and in combination they give rise to eight possible kinds of love relationships. The first is nonlove—absence of all three components. This describes the large majority of our personal relationships, which are simply causal interactions. The second kind of love is liking. “If you just have intimacy”, Sternberg explains, “that’s liking. You can talk to the person, tell about your life. And if that’s all there’s to it, that’s what we mean by liking.”It refers to the feelings experienced in true friendships. Liking includes such feelings as closeness and warmth but not the intense feelings of passion or commitment. If you just have passion, it’s called infatuated love—“love at first sight”that can arise almost instantaneously and dissipate just as quickly. It

研究生英语综合教程(课后习题答案)

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交通问题 How horrible the traffic is! The picture depicts a scenario of a terrible traffic jam in the street. In fact, the traffic jam is so heavy that it is more of a parking lot than a crowded street①. Anxious passengers cannot take buses because there are few buses. Instead, the street is filled with too many private cars。 Exaggerated as it is, the phenomenon is not uncommon nowadays. With the number of private cars increasing②, traffic jams in metropolitans are bound to happen. Heavy transportation pressure in large cities may bring much inconvenience to people and exert negative impacts on the environment. On the one hand, when traffic jam happens, short distance in the past now seems to become terribly long, and drivers could do nothing but to wait. Therefore, a lot of precious time has been wasted on the road. On the other hand, exhausted gas emitted by cars③has increased the burden of environment and caused carbon emission, which has diverted from the concept of living a low carbon life。 Therefore, effective measures should be taken to alleviate the traffic jam. Firstly, taxes levied on the sales of private cars④should be raised so as to restrict private car ownership rate. Secondly, public transportation such as buses and subways, which are low-carbon transportation means, should be encouraged and promoted so that we can have a smooth transportation。 佳作妙译 交通状况真是一团糟!这幅漫画描述了街上糟糕的交通堵塞的场景。实际上，交通堵塞严重到了一定程度，与其说这是一条拥挤的街道，还不如说这是一个停车场。焦急的乘客等不到数量稀少的公交车，而私家车却到处都是。 虽然这幅图有点夸张，但是当今这种现象并不罕见。私家车的增多必然产生大城市交通堵塞。大城市沉重的交通压力会给人民生活带来不便，也会对环境造成负面影响。一方面，一旦发生堵车，原来很近的路程似乎变得十分漫长，除了等没有别的办法，大量的宝贵时间被浪费在路上。另一方面，汽车排放的尾气更增加了环境的负担、导致了碳排放，这和低碳生活的理念相违背。 因此，应该采取有效措施缓解严重的交通堵塞问题。第一，通过提高税费限制私家车拥有率(保有量)。第二，应该鼓励和推广低碳的公交车、地铁等公共交通工具，以便我们拥有更顺畅的交通。 名师点评 ①it is more of a parking lot than a crowded street: more of A than B的结构，通过字面可以理解成：更多的是A而不是B。 翻译的时候，往往翻译成：与其说是B，不如说是A。 反过来，当我们想用英语表达“与其……不如……”的时候，我们可以采用这个结构。 实际上，这个结构在模拟题阅读中曾多次出现。如2000年Text 3中的选项：Futurist poetry is more of a transient phenomenon than literature。 ②With the number of private cars increasing: with 短语表伴随，翻译成“随着”。 ③exhausted gas emitted by cars: 其中emitted by cars是过去分词短语作后置定语。 相当于定语从句：gas which is emitted by cars(被汽车排放的尾气)。

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研究生英语课后习题测试

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