十四行诗赏析

注：第11行语出《旧约?诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……”

英文赏析：

This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison

1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?

This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines:

We'll talk of sunshine and of song,

And summer days when we were young,

Sweet childish days which were as long

As twenty days are now.

Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse.

2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate:

The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described.

3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,

May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight.

darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers.

4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date). 5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,

Sometime = on occasion, sometimes;

the eye of heaven = the sun.

6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed,

his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days generally.

7. And every fair from fair sometime declines,

All beautiful things (every fair) occasionally become inferior in comparison with their essential previous state of beauty (from fair). They all decline from perfection.

8. By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:

By chance accidents, or by the fluctuating tides of nature, which are not subject to control, nature's changing course untrimmed.

untrimmed - this can refer to the ballast (trimming) on a ship which keeps it stable; or to a lack of ornament and decoration. The greater difficulty however is to decide which noun this adjectival participle should modify. Does it refer to nature, or chance, or every

fair in the line above, or to the effect of nature's changing course? KDJ adds a comma after course, which probably has the effect of directing the word towards all possible antecedents. She points out that nature's changing course could refer to women's monthly courses, or menstruation, in which case every fair in the previous line would refer to every fair woman, with the implication that the youth is free of this cyclical curse, and is therefore more perfect.

9. But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

Referring forwards to the eternity promised by the ever living poet in the next few lines, through his verse.

10. Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,

Nor shall it (your eternal summer) lose its hold on that beauty which you so richly possess. ow'st = ownest, possess.

By metonymy we understand 'nor shall you lose any of your beauty'.

11. Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,

Several half echoes here. The biblical ones are probably 'Oh death where is thy sting? Or grave thy victory?' implying that death normally boasts of his conquests over life. And Psalms 23.3.: 'Yea though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death I will fear no evil ' In classical literature the shades flitted helplessly in the underworld like gibbering ghosts. Shakespeare would have been

familiar with this through Virgil's account of Aeneas' descent into the underworld in Aeneid Bk. VI.

12. When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,

in eternal lines = in the undying lines of my verse. Perhaps with a reference to progeny, and lines of descent, but it seems that the procreation theme has already been abandoned.

to time thou grow'st - you keep pace with time, you grow as time grows.

13. So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,

For as long as humans live and breathe upon the earth, for as long as there are seeing eyes on the eart.

14. So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

That is how long these verses will live, celebrating you, and continually renewing your life. But one is left with a slight residual feeling that perhaps the youth's beauty will last no longer than a summer's day, despite the poet's proud boast.

这是逐句赏析

中文版：以莎氏十四行诗第18首为例，以往从未有人指出过它的缺点，但笔者根据教学实践得来的体会，认为它至少有两大缺点，一是在音韵方面，其韵脚、头韵和韵格均不同程度的破坏了诗歌的音美和形美；二是某些比喻和描述的平淡或离奇破坏了诗歌的意美。

一、音韵参差，破坏了音美和形美

全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格（iambic pentameter），包括三个四行组（quatrain）和一个对偶句(couplet)，采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式，即abab cdcd efef gg。但本诗音韵并不十分齐整。

在韵脚（end rhyme）方面，第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵，但两个词的重音位置却不同，这一韵就既非阳韵（masculine rhyme）也非阴韵（feminine rhyme），显得不伦不类，与其它严整的韵对比，这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀，破坏了诗歌的音韵美。

头韵（alliteration）方面，第六和第七行都以And 起头，形成头韵，但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看，造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进，而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化，破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。

韵格(meter)方面，五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的，特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步，经常是前重音后轻音。适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板，增加变化，使音韵更显其美。但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式，使其音律显得零碎，给诗歌带来负面影响，本诗即是如此。第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?”

中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的，第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调，要念重音，因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm’d”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格，第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”，也不是抑扬格。可见，本诗因为破格过多，格律形式有点混乱，诗歌齐整的音韵美受到了损害。实际上，学生也经常反映这首诗歌读起来有些地方很拗口，主要就是因为韵律破格太多所致。

二、比喻和描述有时平淡或离奇，破坏意美

诗歌之美，不仅体现在音美和形美上，而且还有语意层面的美。通过语法、词汇或使用比喻等，可以建构诗歌的意美。本诗中有美丽的语言，如“darling buds of May”（五月的嫩蕊）、“eternal summer”（长夏）、“thou wander’st in his shade”（在他的暗影里蹉跎），但也有平常的比喻和描述，如诗中将“你”比喻为“夏季”，把太阳比成“天上的眼睛”，有“金色的面容”，这当然不是平淡的描述，但至少也不是新鲜的。而说死神能“夸口”，这种拟人的手法多少有些平淡了。诗中又说夏天有“租期”，租期又“太短”，则

令人感到有些陌生，难有美感了。时光匆匆是人人皆知的常识，诗中用复杂的表述来说明浅显的道理，很难令人感到亲切，这样的比喻并未达到增强表现力的效果。这种将简单复杂化从而使人产生隔膜的例子还有“nature’s changing course untrimm’d ”以及“that fair thou owest”。而“And every fair from fair”则让一般读者感到很抽象，难以理解。“So long as men can breathe or eyes can see”也是一句很平常的散文句。

以上所述，是莎氏十四行诗第18首在诗艺上的缺陷。当然诗中古雅的用词和句法也会给普通读者带来阅读上的不适，但这是古今语言演变造成的隔膜，并非诗歌本身的原因，正如其多个汉译文，现在看起来也有时代距离感一样。莎士比亚十四行诗第18首是一首经典诗歌，其美妙自不待言，但是从另一个角度检视和观察，认识其缺点和不足，以避免盲目吹捧和过度美化，应该是对待文学经典的更全面因而是更可取的方法。

莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首赏析

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莎士比亚戏剧赏析答案解析

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莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首

莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首 Sonnet 18 铁冰译文 1 Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 我该不该把你比作怡人的夏天？ 2 Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 你却比她更加可爱更加温情。 3 Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 五月的娇蕊总是被狂风吹断， 4 And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 夏天也只是一道短暂的美景。 5 Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 苍穹的目光有时会过于灼热， 6 And often is his gold complexion dimm'd; 那金色的脸庞也常黯淡无光。 7 And every fair from fair sometime declines, 人间一切瑰丽终将失去秀色， 8 By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd; 湮没于不测风云和世事沧桑。 9 But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 但是，你常青的夏季永不消逝，10 Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; 你拥有的美丽也将永不折损， 11 Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 或许死神的阴影会笼罩着你， 12 When in eternal lines to time thou growest; 你却和这不朽的诗句千古长存。 13 So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, 只要人类还在呼吸、眼睛还在欣赏， 14 So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 我的诗就会活着，令你生命绽放。 译注： 原诗每行10个音节，非常整齐。前人翻译时总喜欢使译文每行保持字数相同，这其实是一种作茧自缚，强求形式上的绝对整齐，往往限制了内容的完美。前人的译文常常有凑韵（为了押韵，用词勉强）、不流畅和用词搭配不当的毛病，其原因在此。更重要的是，英文原诗有着非常讲究的格律，每行都含有相同数量的重音节和轻音节，朗诵时每行所用时间基本一致；而对每行字数相同的中译文进行朗诵时，每行所用的时间则不尽相同，因为每行译文中所含有的虚词（如“的”、“地”、“了”，朗读时较轻声、短促）个数未必相同。因此，笔者的译文不强求每行字数相同，这样便将内容从形式中解放出来，得以更好地协调，且更利于押韵和用词的搭配。 此诗的翻译中，值得注意的几处是： 第3行：darling buds of May有人译为“五月宠爱的嫩蕊”，其实darling是“可爱的”之意，所以还是译为“五月的娇蕊”更好。 第4行：lease前人经常译成“租赁的期限”，令人费解，应该是“持续的时间”之意。此行的意思是“夏天持续的时间实在太短”，这样的陈述缺乏诗味。笔者将该行意译为“夏天也只是一道极短的美景”，化用了中文的习语“好景不长”，不但忠实原文，颇有诗味，而且于与第二行译文押韵自然。 第5行：一般认为该行中的eye of heaven是“太阳”的妙喻，因此前人常将此行译为“有时候天空的眼睛照得太灼热（或酷烈）”，这样保留了“眼睛”的意向，似乎很好，但从字面上看，

莎士比亚十四行诗第八首赏析

我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thou art more lovely and more temperate:狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；And summer's lease hath all too short a date:有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；And often is his gold complexion dimmed,而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines,被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: 但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，But thy eternal summer shall not fade,你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.注：第11行语出《旧约?诗篇》第23篇第4节：“虽然我穿行于死荫之幽谷，但我不怕罹祸，因为你与我同在……”英文赏析：This is one of the most famous of all the sonnets, justifiably so. But it would be a mistake to take it entirely in isolation, for it links in with so many of the other sonnets through the themes of the descriptive power of verse; the ability of the poet to depict the fair youth adequately, or not; and the immortality conveyed through being hymned in these 'eternal lines'. It is noticeable that here the poet is full of confidence that his verse will live as long as there are people drawing breath upon the earth, whereas later he apologises for his poor wit and his humble lines which are inadequate to encompass all the youth's excellence. Now, perhaps in the early days of his love, there is no such self-doubt and the eternal summer of the youth is preserved forever in the poet's lines. The poem also works at a rather curious level of achieving its objective through dispraise. The summer's day is found to be lacking in so many respects (too short, too hot, too rough, sometimes too dingy), but curiously enough one is left with the abiding impression that 'the lovely boy' is in fact like a summer's day at its best, fair, warm, sunny, temperate, one of the darling buds of May, and that all his beauty has been wonderfully highlighted by the comparison。这是整体赏析 1. Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? This is taken usually to mean 'What if I were to compare thee etc?' The stock comparisons of the loved one to all the beauteous things in nature hover in the background throughout. One also remembers Wordsworth's lines: We'll talk of sunshine and of song,And summer days when we were young, Sweet childish days which were as longAs twenty days are now.Such reminiscences are indeed anachronistic, but with the recurrence of words such as 'summer', 'days', 'song', 'sweet', it is not difficult to see the permeating influence of the Sonnets on Wordsworth's verse. 2. Thou art more lovely and more temperate: The youth's beauty is more perfect than the beauty of a summer day. more temperate - more gentle, more restrained, whereas the summer's day might have violent excesses in store, such as are about to be described. 3. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, May was a summer month in Shakespeare's time, because the calendar in use lagged behind the true sidereal calendar by at least a fortnight. darling buds of May - the beautiful, much loved buds of the early summer; favourite flowers. 4. And summer's lease hath all too short a date: Legal terminology. The summer holds a lease on part of the year, but the lease is too short, and has an early termination (date). 5. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, Sometime = on occasion, sometimes; the eye of heaven = the sun. 6. And often is his gold complexion dimmed, his gold complexion = his (the sun's) golden face. It would be dimmed by clouds and on overcast days

莎士比亚十四行诗第18首

Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. There are generally two kinds of sonnets: the Petrarchan sonnet and the Shakespearean sonnet. The Shakespearean sonnet consists of 3 quatrains and one couplet. The three quatrains are devoted to the different aspects of one subject, paralleling in structure. The concluding couplet is actually the summary or comments made by the poet. One telling example is Sonnet 18 by Shakespeare. Soliloquy: It refers to an extended speech delivered by a character alone onstage. The character reveals his or her innermost thoughts and feelings directly to the audience, as if thinking aloud. One of the most famous soliloquies is the part of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, beginning with the line “To be, or not to be: that is the question.” Conceit: Conceit is actually an extended metaphor. It refers to the comparison drawn between two startlingly different objects. The leading figure of the “Metaphysical School”, John Donne, makes a high use of c onceits in his poetic creation. For instance, he compares the souls of lovers to compasses. Imagery：A general term that covers the use of language to represent sensory experience. It refers to the words that create pictures or images in the reader’s mind. Images are primarily visual and can appeal to other senses as well, touch, taste, smell and hearing. Ode： A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject. Odes are often written for a special occasion, to honor a person or a season or to commemorate an event. Two famous odes are Percy Shelley’s “Ode to the West Wind” and John Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn”. 莎士比亚十四行诗第18首 William Shakespeare - Sonnet #18 Shall I compare thee to a Summer's day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And Summer's lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And oft' is his gold complexion dimm'd; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature's changing course untrimm'd: But thy eternal Summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest:

莎士比亚十四行诗浅析

赏析莎士比亚十四行诗第146首 提示： 1.这个作业不是单纯地解决“写什么”的问题，而是通过分析“怎样写” 来达到对“写什么”的揭示。即结合诗歌多种艺术技巧的运用来分析其 主题思想，不要仅就主题谈主题和随意发挥地谈感想。注意以下方面： 2.分析意象的运用及其对思想主题的表达，注意意象的特点，思考这些意 象是否最有效地表达了主题。 3.分析诗歌的言说方式。谁在说、对谁说、怎样说（包括语气与句式），这 些都值得注意，并考虑其表意效果。 4.注意诗歌的表意结构，注意诗歌情感表达的层次关系。 5.英语好的同学可以分析原诗的词语运用。 6.可结合文化、哲学、宗教思想背景评价诗歌的主题。 十四行诗第146首 莎士比亚 可怜的灵魂，我这有罪身躯的中心， 你被浓妆艳服、这些你所嫌恶的力量所包裹； 你为何暗中憔悴，忍受着饥馑， 却把外壁妆得如此耀眼堂皇？ 这住所租期极短，又临近颓败倾坍， 难道还值得你这样铺张阔绰？ 是否要让蛆虫来享受这丰美的筵席， 把它吃个精光？这才算是肉体应有的归宿？ 靠你的奴仆的损耗来度日吧，灵魂， 让他消瘦，以便增加你的贮藏； 拿无聊的时日去兑换神圣的永恒； 让内心得滋养，别管外表堂皇： 这样，你就能吃掉吃人的死神， 而死神一死，死亡就不会再发生。

THE SONNETS NO.146 William Shakespeare Poor soul, the centre of my sinful earth, ［Fool'd by］these rebel powers that thee array. Why dost thou pine within and suffer dearth, Painting thy outward walls so costly gay? Why so large cost, having so short a lease, Dost thou upon thy fading mansion spend? Shall worms, inheritors of this excess, Eat up thy charge? is this thy body's end? Then soul, live thou upon thy servant's loss, And let that pine to aggravate thy store. Buy terms divine in selling hours of dross, Within be fed, without be rich no more: So shall thou feed on Death, that feeds on men, And Death once dead, there's no more dying then 说明：第二行的［Fool'd by］these rebel powers that thee array原为My sinful earth these rebel powers array，这样My sinful earth显然重复。对此，注家持见各异。马隆（Malone）和克雷格（Craig）都认为显系误排，改为Fool‘d by。但也有人认为这有篡改之嫌，强调诗歌中虽有重复一病，但也应具体而论，不应一概否定。

William Shakespeare莎士比亚代表诗歌翻译及赏析

2011—2012第一学期 实践教学

William Shakespeare William Shakespeare (26 April 1564- 23 April 1616) was an English poet and playwright. He was widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. His surviving works, including some collaboration, consist of about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and several other poems. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other playwright. Shakespeare was born and raised in Stratford-upon-Avon. At the age of 18, he married Anne Hathaway, with whom he had three children: Susanna, and twins Hamnet and Judith. Between 1585 and 1592, he began a successful career in London as an actor, writer, and part owner of a playing company called the Lord Chamberlain's Men, later known as the King's Men. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and Macbeth, considered some of the famous works. Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. In the 20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new movements in scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today and are constantly studied, performed and reinterpreted in diverse cultural and political contexts throughout the world. （Sonnet1 和sonnet5的相关资料由张文瑞提供） Sonnet 1

第18首十四行诗

Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date: Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimm’d; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou growest: So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this and this gives life to thee. The brevity of natural beauty The eternity beauty of poems 译文1： 让我如何来把你比作夏天？ 你比夏天还要可爱，而且柔软： 暴风的五月摧残了鲜嫩的蓓蕾，

莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析[珍藏版】

莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首的英文评论和赏析 18 18 我是否可以把你比喻成夏天？Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和：Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断，Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过；And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热，Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗；And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落，And every fair from fair sometime declines, 被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜；By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: 但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽，But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 你所拥有的美貌也不会消失，Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, 死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫，Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时；When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, 只要有人类生存，或人有眼睛，So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, 我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

莎士比亚十四行诗的结构及意象特征

莎士比亚十四行诗的结构及意象特征 曹润宇王莹 一、简介 本文以国内针对莎士比亚十四行诗的赏析、评论文本为研究对象，首先从全局出发，对莎士比亚十四行诗中的结构和意象进行研究。对莎士比亚十四行诗的研究首先体现在对诗作的结构和意象的研究上。莎士比亚十四行诗中的结构并非全是一成不变的4－4－4－2形式，而是多样化的：诗中的意象具有时代性、谚语性、中心性、系列性和矛盾性等特点。除此之外，尝试对莎士比亚十四行诗中的个别作品进行诠释和评析也是本文的重心之一。 二、文献回顾 在国内，目前对莎士比亚十四行诗的研究相对来说滞后于对莎士比亚戏剧的研究。 国内的研究主要分为四种情况：第一种是对诗作的赏析，主要分为两类：诗作的单篇赏析和译文后附加的简要分析。前者散见于各种杂志刊物。这一类文章总体来说涉及的诗作不多，而且集中在少数几首在国内比较普及的诗作，比如第18首、29首、116首等。后者如1962年上海文艺出版社出版的屠岸译《莎士比亚十四行诗集》。在大部分译文后面，屠岸先生就诗歌的内容作了一小段简要译解。四十多年过去了，这些解释现在看来显得相对简略和单薄。另外就是1995年北京外文出版社出版的石宗山和崔健编著的《友谊与爱情：莎士比亚十四行诗欣赏》。这本书选取了莎士比亚十四行诗集中部分诗作的译文，并附加了简短的欣赏。 第二种是对诗作的研究，分为单篇的学术论文和专门著作。学术论文散见于各种学术期刊，而专门的著作目前国内只有一本，即罗益民所著英文版《时间的镰刀》。（成都：四川辞书出版社，2004）此书主要集中于对莎士比亚十四行诗中的时间主题进行了研究。 第三种是对诗作的注释。首先是各家在选编英诗选集的时候，选取少数几首莎士比亚十四行诗进行了注释。有的版本中还带有针对所选诗作的赏析。其次是全本注释。目前国内的全注释本不多，有：钱兆明注释的《十四行诗集》，（北京：商务印书馆，1990）此版本侧重个别单词的解释，注释整体比较简单，忽略了诗中的很多难点和要点；李明强译注的《莎士比亚十四行诗》，（昆明：云南大学出版社，2008）该版本是近年对莎士比亚十四行诗的注释最为详细全面的一部。 第四种是翻译。目前大陆所见的全译本主要有： 屠岸译《莎士比亚十四行诗集》（上海：上海文艺出版社，1962） 梁宗岱译《莎士比亚十四行诗》（成都：四川人民出版社，1983） 曹明伦译《莎士比亚十四行诗全集》（桂林：漓江出版社，1995） 辜正坤译《莎士比亚十四行诗集》（北京：北京大学出版社，1998） 梁实秋译《十四行诗》（北京：中国广播电视出版社远东图书公司，2001） 比较各个译本，会发现每个译本都有其出色的地方，但也存在着一些不当之处。除语言和诗歌形式之外，因为对于诗歌翻译来说，这两点永远都值得推敲，几乎不可能达到完美的境界。这里的不当主要指对原诗的理解，可能由于资料匮乏，产生了一些明显的误解。 三、莎士比亚十四行诗的结构特征 在十四行诗的独特形式，使其形式和内容紧密关联。莎士比亚的十四行诗不仅在选词方面，而且在结构方面也同样发挥着表达诗歌意蕴的作用。 莎士比亚写作的十四行一般遵照英式的韵脚格式。分为四节：三个四行和一组对句。前三节集中阐述一个主题，结论出现在最后发人深省的对句之中，实现逻辑推理的升华。比如第60首： 惊涛骇浪来拍岸，时光匆匆奔向前， 长江后浪推前浪，一天过了又一天。 光海诞生小生命，不知不觉长成材， 纯洁高尚美青年，世上人人都惊叹。 于是时间来捣乱，将它作品来摧残， 在他脸上刻皱纹，破坏他的娇丽颜。 谁能对抗恶时间？唯我不朽美诗篇， 直到最后审判日，我的诗歌尚流传， 风流倜傥美青年，诗歌里面舞翩跹。 本诗的结构和韵脚严格按照4－4－4－2的四部格式。各个部分循序渐进不断强化主题，情绪也逐渐加强，直至最终的对句拨云见雾，达到高潮。 在莎士比亚的154首十四行诗中，英式格式的十四行诗在数量上占据多数，此外，意大利式十四行诗的二段结构也为数不少。这种十四行诗一般是前八行铺垫主题，引出矛盾或表达渴望，利用余下的六 104

莎士比亚_sonnet_18_29_66的中文翻译与评析

18 莎士比亚的十四行诗总体上表现了一个思想：爱征服一切。他的诗充分肯定了人的价值、赞颂了人的尊严、个人的理性作用。诗人将抽象的概念转化成具体的形象，用可感可见的物质世界，形象生动地阐释了人文主义的命题。 诗的开头将“你”和夏天相比较。自然界的夏天正处在绿的世界中，万物繁茂地生长着，繁阴遮地，是自然界的生命最昌盛的时刻。那醉人的绿与鲜艳的花一道，将夏天打扮得五彩缤纷、艳丽动人。但是，“你”却比夏天可爱多了，比夏天还要温婉。五月的狂风会作践那可爱的景色，夏天的期限太短，阳光酷热地照射在繁阴班驳的大地上，那熠熠生辉的美丽不免要在时间的流动中凋残。这自然界最美的季节和“你”相比也要逊色不少。 而“你”能克服这些自然界的不足。“你”在最灿烂的季节不会凋谢，甚至“你”美的任何东西都不会有所损失。“你”是人世的永恒，“你”会让死神的黑影在遥远的地方停留，任由死神的夸口也不会死去。“你”是什么？“你”与人类同在，你在时间的长河里不朽。那人类精神的精华——诗，是你的形体吗？或者，你就是诗的精神，就是人类的灵魂。 诗歌在形式上一改传统的意大利十四行诗四四三三体，而是采用了四四四二体：在前面充分地发挥表达的层次，在充分的铺垫之后，用两句诗结束全诗，点明主题。全诗用新颖巧妙的比喻，华美而恰当的修饰使人物形象鲜明、生气鲜活。诗人用形象的表达使严谨的逻辑推理变得生动有趣、曲折跌宕，最终巧妙地得出了人文主义的结论。 二十九首就是其中的一首。 这首诗热情地歌颂爱情,诗人在创作这首诗 时,充分发挥了十四行诗的长处,采用了“先抑后 扬”手法,层层推进,波澜起伏,道出了诗人的思想

感情发展变化过程,开头四句这样写道: When ,in disgrace with Fortune and men’ eyes , s I all alone beweep my outcast state , And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries , And look upon myself ,and curse my fate , 从这四句我们可以读出,一开始诗人悲悲切切地 唱出自己的悲惨处境“in disgrace with Fortune and , men’ eyes (失去了幸福,又遭人白眼。”,慨叹自 s ) 己生不逢时,身世凋零。幸福已离他远去,即便是“cries (哭喊)”也是“bootless (无用的)”,不过是“trouble(麻烦)”“deafheaven(聋耳的苍天)”,真是叫 天天不应,叫地地不灵,诗人只有“curse my fate(悲 叹时运不济)”。接着四句诗人更进一步吐露自己 心中的自卑: Wishing me like to one more rich in hope , Featured like him ,like him with friends possessed , Desiring this man’s art and that man’s scope , With what I most enjoy contented least , 诗人羡慕人家“rich in hope(前程远大)”“Featured ,

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莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首主题分析 莎士比亚十四行诗第十八首“我怎么能够把你来比作夏天”目前无一例外地被英国文学教材或读本选用，如吴伟仁的《英国文学史及选读》、王佐良的《英国文学名篇选注》、丁廷森的《英国文学选读》、李公昭的《英国文学选读》、张伯香的《英国文学教程》、桂扬清和吴翔林的《英美文学选读》、何其莘的《英国文学选集》、彭家海的《新编英国文学教程》、陈嘉的《英国文学作品选读》以及张伯香为自考生编的教材《英美文学选读》等，几乎成了所有涉及英国文学的大中学课堂的必讲篇目。 本文选取并结合该诗作的两篇名家译文及莎士比亚原文，详细分析了该诗的十四行诗体裁特征以及该诗的主题。 梁宗岱译文 我怎么能够把你来比作夏天？ 你不独比它可爱也比它温婉： 狂风把五月宠爱的嫩蕊作践， 夏天出赁的期限又未免太短： 天上的眼睛有时照得太酷烈， 它那炳耀的金颜又常遭掩蔽： 被机缘或无常的天道所摧折，

没有芳艳不终于凋残或销毁。 但是你的长夏永远不会雕落， 也不会损失你这皎洁的红芳， 或死神夸口你在他的影里漂泊， 当你在不朽的诗里与时同长。 只要一天有人类，或人有眼睛， 这诗将长存，并且赐给你生命。梁实秋译文 我可能把你和夏天相比拟？ 你比夏天更可爱更温和： 狂风会把五月的花苞吹落地， 夏天也嫌太短促，匆匆而过： 有时太阳照得太热， 常常又遮暗他的金色的脸； 美的事物总不免要凋落， 偶然的，或是随自然变化而流转。

但是你的永恒之夏不会退色； 你不会失去你的俊美的仪容； 死神不能夸说你在他的阴影里面走着， 如果你在这不朽的诗句里获得了永生； 只要人们能呼吸，眼睛能看东西， 此诗就会不朽，使你永久生存下去。 莎士比亚原文 Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed. But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st Nor shall death brag thou wand’rest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,