高中英语译林版必修5：Unit 3 课时跟踪练(一) Welcome to the unit & Reading Word版含解析

课时跟踪练(一) Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Plant cloning has been an agricultural technique used by farmers and gardeners for centuries. Grafting (嫁接) is a common form of plant

cloning. Many plants in nature actually clone themselves and

reproduce asexually.

Cloned plants are much more predictable than normal plants, so their

yield (产量) is more reliable. Cloned plants also reproduce faster, limiting the amount of time between planting and harvesting. It is also often cheaper to produce seeds through cloning than through traditional methods. Plants can essentially be optimized so that farmers or individual growers always have the best seeds available. With more yield at a faster rate, farms can produce more food for more people while decreasing overall costs.

Cloning can be used to wipe out diseases that previously killed off entire fields of crops. This would make plants immune (免疫的) to the kinds of diseases that farmers and gardeners around the world fear each year. Crop failures due to disease and virus could become a thing of the past. Also, plants that are near extinction can be brought back to life through cloning.

Through cloning scientists can develop “super” fruits and vegetables of superior nutritional quality. This could make for a healthier population overall. This is already being done through selective pollination (授粉), and genetic cloning could take it to the next level.

By plant cloning we have a population of identical plants and all these plants equally suffer from the same diseases, but in nature the weak would die and the strong would survive. While there are some dangers to consider with plant cloning, there are plenty of benefits that could prove vital to the propagation (繁衍) of the human species.

语篇解读：本文主要讲了克隆植物的好处：增加农作物产量、提高植物的免疫力、提高水果和蔬菜的质量等。

1．The underlined word “optimized”in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by “”．

A．enlarged B．produced

C．perfected D．examined

解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第二段中该词的下文“growers always have the best seeds available”种植者可以有最好的种子使用可猜测该词意为“好的或优的”。

2．According to the text, cloned plants .

A．have lower yield than normal plants

B．have a short growth cycle

C．resist various kinds of diseases

D．need little care from people

解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，克隆植物繁殖快，从种植到收获，间隔时间短，也就是生长周期短。

3．What can we infer from the text?

A．The fruits produced by cloned plants taste much better.

B．There are more cloned plants than normal plants.

C．Plant cloning can disturb the laws of nature.

D．People should avoid eating cloned fruits.

解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，克隆植物会造出完全一样的植物，它们也可能会患上同样的病。这与自然中适者生存的法则是相反的。所以说克隆植物可以打破自然法则。

4．What is the main purpose of the text?

A．To warn the negative effects of plant cloning.

B．To present different kinds of plant cloning.

C．To predict the future of plant cloning.

D．To inform us about the advantages of plant cloning.

解析：选D写作意图题。根据各段的段首句可知，本文主要讲的克隆植物的好处：增加农作物的产量、提高植物的免疫力、提高水果和蔬菜的质量和利于人类的繁衍等。

B

With an eye for style and a heart for the environment, 18-year-old Alexis Giger launched a do-it-yourself blog aimed at “reducing your environmental impact fashionably”．The idea was sparked (激发) by the ecology unit in her biology class at Charlotte Latin School last year, she said, which taught her about issues like deforestation and habitat destruction.“I started thinking about what I could do to stop the wastefulness in my immediate community，” the fashion lover said.

“The blog, ecouturieracg.w https://www.wendangku.net/doc/6b18405066.html,, aims to make reusing second-hand goods store finds or last season's pieces easy and fashionable while cutting down on the resources consumed by garment production，”Alexis said. Through online research, she discovered that a simple cotton T-shirt takes more than 700 gallons of water to make.

“It made me realize that the fashion industry consumes huge amounts of natural resources as it relies on producing garments quickly and in large supply — many of the garments are only intended to be worn three or four times，” she said.

Alexis had a number of tools to help her get started. Her mom, Kimberly, taught her to sew when she was 5. Her grandmother taught her to crochet (钩边) around the same time. Alexis said she also gained technical knowledge and inspiration from her part-time job at a clothing company that creates theater wardrobes for schools and drama productions.

Prior to the blog launch, she spent several months illustr ating “recycling”projects by creating photo tutorials. Though Ecouturier hasn't been online long, she's been getting positive feedback.“I've had people come up to me in the hall and say，‘Hey, I saw your blog. I'm working on one of the projects right now，’” Alexis said.

She said she hasn't bought a brand-new piece of clothing since last July, and her thrift store shopping has paid off with finds such as a $5 (31 yuan) dress she wore to homecoming.

“Taking an hour from Saturday afternoon to make something for yourself can really have an impact on the environment. A little change every day can really add up，” Alexis said.

语篇解读：本文讲述了一个女生为保护环境，防止资源浪费而开通了一个博客号召大家保护环境的故事。

5．What inspired Alexis to launch a do-it-yourself blog?

A．Her talent at making handicrafts.

B．Her fascination with the fashion industry.

C．Her part-time work experiences.

D．Her growing concern for the environment after taking a biology class.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据文中第二段第一句话“The idea was sparked (激发) by the ecology unit in her biology class at Charlotte Latin School last year”可知，创建博客的想法是由生物课引发的，故选D。

6．What is the content of the blog Alexis set up?

A．It sells items made from thrift store finds.

B．It teaches people how to choose thrift store goods.

C．It encourages people to remake their clothing in a cool way.

D．It informs people of the bad effects of deforestation and habitat destruction.

解析：选C细节理解题。根据文中第三段第一句话“...aims to make reusing second-hand goods store finds or last season's pieces easy and fashionable ...”可知，博客的内容是鼓励人们改造旧衣服，故选C。

7．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

A．In order to promote her blog, Alexis is spending a lot of time online every day.

B．The projects on Alexis'blog have convinced some people to try recycling clothes themselves.

C．Alexis has been dreaming of working in the fashion industry since she was a child.

D．To start the blog, Alexis learned from her mother and grandmother how to sew and crochet.

解析：选B推理判断题。从文章倒数第三段第二句可知，作者没有花很长时间，故A 错误；从文中倒数第三段最后一句可知有人看作者的博客并回收了衣服，故B正确；文中未提到C选项，故错误；根据文中第五段第二、三句可知，作者学钩边之类的并不是为了开博客，故D项错误。

8．Which of the following best describes Alexis?

A．Creative and responsible.

B．Smart and cooperative.

C．Independent and humorous.

D．Fashionable and amusing.

解析：选A推理判断题。根据文章大意，作者利用博客来宣传旧衣改造，以此保护环境，可知作者不仅有保护环境的责任心，而且还有创造力，很聪明，但文中没有提到作者与他人的合作，故不涉及合作，也没有体现出作者的幽默感和有意思的地方，故选A。

C

In 2001, scientists at Texas A&M University successfully cloned a cat for the first time, but this copy cat is no mirror image of the original. Copy Cat (CC) was the first cat ever cloned. In 2001, researc

hers at Texas A&M University created the clone from the DNA of a

calico cat (三色猫) named Rainbow after a failed attempt at cloning a dog.

Interestingly, Rainbow and Copy Cat are different in many ways.

Rainbow's coat is brown，and white, while CC's is gray and white; Rainbow is shy, but CC is outgoing and curious.

The differences in the two cats indicate that identical DNA won't necessarily create similar appearances or personalities because there are many other factors that contribute to both surface characteristics and temperament (性情)．

CC has since gone on to have three healthy kittens via the natural method, and the research that led to her creation became the foundation for a California-based pet cloning company called Genetic Savings & Clone, Inc.

However, the cat cloning project caused criticism from animal welfare groups, which pointed out that millions of cats are killed in shelters each year due to pet overpopulation. They argued that the large sums of money spent on creating more cats could be put to better use providing homes for strays.

There are also objections to the cloning process itself. Many people consider cloning cruel, as it is a process that can lead to deformities and other problems, which is evident in the fact that many clones die within months or even days of creation.

Much to the delight of animal welfare advocates, after cloning five cats in total，Genetic Savings & Clone shut down in 2006.The reason for the company's close was its inability to make its cloning technology affordable and thus accessible to mainstream consumers.

语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述的是克隆猫所带来的令人惊讶的结果以及大众对她的看法。

9．What is the best title of the passage?

A．Cloned Cats — A Surprising Development on Technology

B．Cloned Cats — Cloning Produces Surprising Results

C．Cloned Cats — A Cruel Research in Science

D．Cloned Cats — A Project Caused Criticism

解析：选B标题归纳题。根据文中的主题讲述的是克隆出来的猫在性格和外观上都有所不同，这是比较鲜明的特点，因此文章的标题应该体现这一点，因此选B。

10．Which of the following about CC is TRUE?

A．The researchers failed in cloning it in 2001.

B．Its fur is brown and white as the calico cat.

C．It is outgoing and curious as Rainbow.

D．It doesn't have similar personalities as Rainbow.

解析：选D细节理解题。根据文中第三段“The differences in the two cats indicate that identical DNA won't necessarily create similar appearances or personalities”即可判断答案。

11．What's the underlined word in the 6th paragraph similar to?

A．Criticism. B．Waste of money.

C．Disability. D．Overpopulation.

解析：选C词义猜测题。根据文中第六段“cruel, other problems”和“which is evident in the fact that many clones die within months or even days of creation”可判断许多人认为克隆残酷和造成残疾和许多问题，出现死亡，因此画线词指的是身体上的残疾。

12．The reason for the company's demise is that cloning is .

A．a waste of money

B．cruel sometimes

C．inaccessible to most people

D．affordable to consumers

解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“...its inability to make its cloning technology affordable and thus accessible to mainstream consumers.”可判断答案。

Ⅱ.阅读七选五

Here are tips for a successful speech from a professional speechwriter.

No speech should last more than 20 minutes. __1__ The Sermon on the Mount, a collection of sayings and teachings of Jesus, for example, lasted hardly more than three minutes.

Focus on one topic. We're human and tend to have lots of thoughts, opinions and ideas. You have to make proper selection. __2__ Include and expand only those that explain and support your viewpoint (观点)．

__3__ It's important to remember that your words must be hearable and understandable the first time out.

Humour is vital. __4__ Ronald Reagan always wanted to joke at the start of a speech because he needed the quick victory of laughter. It helped him relax. It also helped the audience relax.

Don't forget to say thanks. You should always, at the beginning of the speech, thank the person who invited you and introduced you. __5__ While you're doing it, the audience gets a chance to daydream and settle down. They're going to daydream at some point anyway, and it may as well be before you get to the heart of your remarks.

A．Choose your words carefully.

B．And saying thanks at the beginning has a practical purpose.

C．First you have to work out what you're going to say.

D．Every speech needs it, and you need it, too, probably at the beginning.

E．Stick to one subject — the future of the soccer club, for example.

F．This process takes time, so start once you begin thinking about the speech.

G．The more important the message is, the less time it requires to say it.

答案：1～5GEADB

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