(完整版)初中英语被动语态
一、语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子之中主语和谓语动词的关系.英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是动作的发出者（或执行者）eg：Many people speak Chinese.谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的.
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即行为动作的对象.eg：Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者.
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词构成.人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的.(被动语态的否定式和疑问式均由助动词或第一个助动词构成.)
各种时态的被动语态构成：
1.一般现在时：am/is/are＋及物动词的过去分词
I'm asked to take care of myself. Football is played all over the world
2.一般过去时：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词
This house was built in 1958. His leg was broken in an accident.
3.一般将来时：will/shall be＋及物动词的过去分词
More factories will be built in our city. He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.
4.现在进行时：am/is/are being＋及物动词的过去分词.
A road is being built around the mountain. Many new houses are being built in this city
5.过去进行时：was/were being＋及物动词的过去分词
he meeting was being held when I was there. We were being trained this time last year.
6.现在完成时：have/has been＋及物动词的过去分词
His book has been translated into many foreign languages. The prices of many goods have been cut again .
7.过去完成时：had been + 及物动词的过去分词
A new school had been set up by the end of last year.
8.含有情态动词的被动语态：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词
The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.
三、被动语态的基本用法
一般来说,在我们日常生活中,能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态.只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：1.不知道动作的执行者是谁.
1).Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了.
2).This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年.
3).The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天,教室的前窗被打
2.没不要说出动作的执行者是谁.
1).The time-table has been changed .时间表已变动了
2).China was founded in 1949.
3.不愿意说出动作的执行者,其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等.在这种情况下,有时常用一些句式,如It is said that…（据说……）,It is reported that …（据报道）,It is well known that（众所周知……）It is supposed that（据推测说, It is believed that…大家相信,It is hoped that…大家希望,It is thought that…大家认为,It is suggested that…据建议等等.
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner.据说她要嫁给一个外国人.
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam.）
4.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者.
1).The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的.
2).his book was written by him.这本书是他写的.
3).Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成.
注：使用被动语态的情况口诀：动作谁做的不知道,谁说出的不必要.接受动作需强调,用被动语态最为妙.
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法：
1.把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.
2.把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).
3.把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格.
He plant trees in spring.
Trees are planted in spring by him.
主动语态变被动语态口诀：宾语提前主语变,原主变宾by后见,时态人称be关键.
All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.→The bikes are made by them in the factory.
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.
被动语态中by+宾语的省略：
被动语态句式中的by+宾语表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者by+宾语常常被省略.
动作执行者不确定时
Paper is made from wood.
Many people are killed in traffic accidents every day .
不必表明动作执行者时
English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languages.
Football is played in most school.
动作执行者为一般大众时.
Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.
He is made the monitor of the class today.
五、主动语态变被动语态应注意的几个问题：
谈谈几种特殊的被动结构
1.当句子结构为主语+谓语+宾语（唯一宾语）时,把宾语提到句首做主语,然后把谓语改成被动语态形式,最后把原主语变为宾格至于介词by之后.实际运用中by短语常被省略.
We finish our homework in the evening.
Our homework is finished in the evening.
2. 当句子结构为主语+谓语+间接宾语(表示人的)+直接宾语（表示物的）时,一般把间接宾语变为主语,而直接宾语不变,这样句子显得自然些.如果把直接宾语作为主语,那么在间接宾语前应加介词to或for.
She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主动) →
I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)
A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)
My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动) →
I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)
A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)
注意：
1).间接宾语前需要加for的动词buy ,sing ,catch ,find ,get,drow ,cook ,keep ,make,offer 等.
2).间接宾语前需要加to的动词bring ,give ,pass ,hand ,leave ,show ,write ,take ,teach ,tell ,thow ,lend,send ,return等
3).当句子结构为主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语把主动态变成被动态时,只需将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态句子的主语,而原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动态句子的主语补足语了
They asked me to help them. →I was asked to help them.
Now people can use computers to help them →.Computers can be used to help them.
We must keep the room clean. →The room must be kept clean .
We saw them coming over. →They were seen coming over.
如果复合宾语是由宾语+不带to的动词不定式构成,变为被动语态时,动词不定式前的to要补出来.常见的这类动词有：一感（feel）,二听（hear,listen to ）三让（let ,make ,have ）四看（watch ,see ,notice ,observe,+look at ）但动词为let时,to仍可省略.
The story made us laugh. →We were made to laugh by the story.
The teacher let the little boy go home. →The little boy was let (to) go home .
4).含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动语态变成被动语态时,由情态动词＋be＋过去分词构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后to仍要保留.
We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days.
They should do it at once. →It should be done at once.
The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.
5).短语动词的被动语态：
一般说来,只有及物动词才有被动语态,但许多不及物动词+副词或介词构成的短语动词,相当于及物动词,也可以有被动语态,但变被动语态后,不可把介词或副词漏掉.
He turned on the radio just now. →The radio was turned on just now .
They take good care of the babies. →The babies are taken care of.
They look after the babies. →The babies are looked after .
6).含有宾语从句的主动语态改为被动语态时,有两种改写方法：
用it做被动语态的形式主语,宾语从句保持不变.
将主动句中的宾语从句的主语改为被动语态的主语,从句的谓语部分变为不定式.这时的动词不定式所用的形式要与原来的宾语从句保持一致.
They say that our teacher is busy these days. →It is said that our teacher is busy these days.
Our teacher is said to be busy these days.
7).如果原句宾语有后置定语修饰,变为被动语态时,应把后置修饰语随同宾语一同提前.
We clean the windows of our classroom every day. →
The windows of our classroom are cleaned every day.
8).如果原句主语不是动作的执行者,而是所使用的物质材料,变被动语态时要用介词with
Smoke filled the room. →The room was filled with smoke .
9).by短语的取舍：
当主动句中的主语是people ,one ,we ,they 等泛指性动词时,变为被动语态后,by短语通常省略.
Eg：we often speak English in our English class. →
English is often spoken (by us ) in our English class
当主动句中是who ,what ,which等做主语,变被动语态后句首的疑问词在句中的成分由原来的主语变为介词by 的宾语,应注意介词by不能丢.
Who wrote the book ? →who was the book written by ?
需要强调动作的执行时,by短语不能省略.
uncle wang made the kite .→The kite was made by uncle wang .
六．可与被动语态连用的介词
在被动语态的句子中,常用介词by引出动作的发出者,实际上同被动语态连用的介词除by以外还有很多.
1.表示谓语动词的动作是为谁或为何目的而发生的要用介词for.(be used for sth /doing sth 被用于…被用于做…)
This new bike was bought for you .
Stamps are used for sending letters .
2.表示动作发出者所使用的工具或强调状态时应用介词with
The trees were cut down with a knife .
The bottle is filled with orange .
3.表示被作为…(发生)应用介词as （be used as 被作为…使用）
English is used as a first language in Canada.
4.在be well-known 后应用介词to,表示被…所熟知
The Great Wall is well-known to everyone in the world .
5.在be made 后可用多个介词表示不同的意义
be made in 表示在某地制造This Tv set is made in shanghai .
be made of 和be made from 都可以表示由…制成的,但be made of 强调从制成品上可以看出原材料, be made from则表示从制成品上看不出原材料.This table is made of wood .
This kind of paper is made from wood.
be made by 由…（人）制造的The cake is made by my mother .
be made into 表示被制成... make …into 把…制成…（主动形式）
Glass is often made into glasses .玻璃常被制成玻璃杯.
be made after 表示仿照...制成
This machine is made after theirs .这台机器是仿照他们的机器制成的.
be made up of 表示由...组成
Our class is made up of fifty students .
七、不可用于被动语态的情况
1.当谓语动词是表示静态的及物动词（短语）时（eg：have ,cost ,hold ,know ,fit ,belong to…）不可用于被动语态. How long did the meeting last ?
2.当谓语动词是look ,become ,get ,turn等连系动词,其后的成分多为形容词或名词词组作表语时.
He looks fine .
3.宾语是反身代词,相互代词或与主语对应的物主代词修饰的名词词组时.
They taught themselves English .
We should learn each other .
4.宾语是动词不定式（短语）或动名词时.
The students hope to visit the Great wall .
He has finished reading the book .
5.宾语和动词在意义上为不可分割的固定搭配时.
He caught a bad cold last week.
You shouldn’t make faces in class .
6.宾语是表示数量,长度,大小,处所或方位的词时.
They reached shanghai early in the next morning .
He left Beijing by bus yesterday .
7.当宾语是同源宾语时.
Today all of us live a happy life .
8.宾语是行为者（人体）的某一部分或人体的器官时.
He could hardly believe his eyes .
Mr Hu shook his head and said nothing .
9.当宾语是某一组织机构或机关团体名称时.
The man joined the army in1957.
八、主动形式被动含义
在英语中,主动意义用主动语态表示,被动意义用被动语态表示.但在以下几种情况下,被动意义却用主动语态来表示：
（一）少数动词,既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词.当它们作不及物动词且用来表示主语内在品质或性能时,可用一般时态的主动形式表示被动意义,其主语大多为事物.常见的有：sell(销售好)read(好读),write(好写),wash(耐洗),wear(耐穿),last,tear,lock ,count ,open ,teach ,drive ,take 等、
1). The tickets cost too much and sold badly.这些票太贵了,销路不好.
2). Can you lend Hie your pen?Your pen writes better．你能把你的钢笔借给我吗?你的钢笔更好写.
3).The pen writes well. 这笔好写.
4).The door won’t open. 门开不下来.
5).The clothes wash easily. 这衣服很好洗.
6). The door won't open. 这门打不开.
注意：这类动词的主动形式表示被动意义有三个明显特征
1).与not,hardly等否定意义的词连用.
2).常与副词well,easily,badly ,poorly ,nicely ,fast ,smoothly ,等连用表示效果或程度.
3）句中的主语是谓语动词的承受者.
（二）某些表示感觉,状态,特征的系动词eg：feel, look, sound, smell, taste等系动词,用主动形式表达被动意义,主语是物.
1.The cloth feels soft. 这布料摸起来很软.
2.His cake tastes good. 他的蛋糕味道很好.
3.Good medicine tastes bitter. 良药苦口
（三）动词need, want, require等表示需要或应该的意义时, 后用动词ing的主动式或动词不定式被动形式表示变动意义..
1).The floor needs sweeping. 地板须拖一下.
2).The old bike needs repairing (or: to be repaired). 那辆旧自行车需要修理.
3).Your hair needs cutting．你的头发需要理了.
4).The wall requires painting．这墙壁需要粉刷了.
（四）主语+be worth doing句式中ving形式表达被动含义
This book is well worth reading.
The film is well worth seeing．
（五）不定式以主动形式表达被动意义的情况主要有以下两种：
1).不定式作定语与被修饰的词形成动宾关系时,不定式用主动形式表被动意义.
I have something important to tell you.我有重要事情要告诉你.
Is there anything else to say? 还有别的什么事情要说吗？
2).在主语+ 系动词+ adj. + to do结构中,不定式作为主语的补足语对主语作补充说明,与主语之间形成动宾关系时,其主动形式表示被动含义.（形容词通常为easy, difficult, hard, pleasant, nice, heavy等）
The place is easy to find in the map.
I find the problem difficult to solve.
The book is difficult to understand.
The water in the river is unfit to drink.这条河里的水不宜饮用.
His speech isn't easy to understand.他的演说不易理解
3).在too…to do sth 和enough…to do 句型中,如果主语是物而不是人,则不定式部分是用主动形式表达的被动含义.
The table is too heavy (for me)to carry .
The dress is good enough to wear at the party .
（六）表示发生、进行的不及物动词和短语,如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out等以主动形式表示被动意义.
How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？
（七）介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义
表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用,含被动之义,其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式,名词前一般不用冠词.
1.under +名词结构,表示某事在进行中.常见的有：under control（受控制）, under treatment（在治疗中）, under repair （在修理中）, under discussion（在讨论中）, under construction（在施工中）.
The building is under construction( is being constructed).
2.beyond+名词结构,出乎……胜过……、范围、限度.常见的有：beyond belief (令人难以置信), beyond one’s reach （鞭长莫及）,beyond one’s control（无法控制）,beyond our hope．我们的成功始料不及.
The rumour is beyond belief（=can’t be believed）．
3.above+名词结构, 表示(品质、行为、能力等) 超过……、高于…….
His honest character is above all praise．=His honest character cannot be praised enough．
4.for+名词结构,表示适于……、为着…….如：for sale(出售), for rent（出租）等.
That house is for sale. (= That house is to be sold).
5. in+名词结构,表示在……过程中或范围内常见的有：in print（在印刷中）,in sight(在视野范围内),等.
The book is not yet in print．(=is not yet printed)
6.on+名词结构, 表示在从事……中.常见的有：on sale(出售),on show（展出）, on trial（受审）.
Eg:Today some treasures are on show in the museum (= are being showed).
7.out of+名词结构表示超出……之外,常见的有：out of control (控制不了),out of sight （超出视线之外）,out of one’s reach(够不着), out of fashion(不流行)等.
The plane was out of control (can’t be controlled)．.
8.within+名词结构,在……内、不超过…….
He took two days off within the teacher's permission
（八）非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义
在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义.
1.在need,want,require, bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动意义, 其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式. The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理.
2.形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式;而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式.
The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）
动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义.
I have a lot of things to do this afternoon．(to do与things是动宾关系,与I是主谓关系.)
试比较：I’ll go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者.)
4.在某些形容词＋不定式做表语或宾语补足语的结构中,句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义.这些形容词有
nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant,interesting等.
This problem is difficult to work out （可看作to work out省略了for me）.
5.在too…to…结构中,不定式前面可加逻辑主语,所以应用主动形式表示被动意义.
This book is too expensive (for me) to buy.
在there be…句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动式作定语,重点在人,用被动形式作定语,重点在物.There is no time to lose（to be lost）．（用to lose可看成for us to lose;用to be lost,谁lost time不明确.）
九、被动语态相关的一些词组:
get dressed(穿衣) get hurt(受伤) get lost(迷路)
get washed(洗脸) get married(结婚)
be covered with (被…覆盖) be made of （由…制成）（看得出原材料）
be made by （由某人制造）be made from （由…制成）（看不出原材料）
be made in （由某地制造）be used for （被用于…）
be used as （被当作…使用）be used to do （被用于做...）
it is said that…（据说…）it is hoped that…（希望…）
It is well known that...(总所周知...)
初中英语被动语态讲解与练习
初中被动语态语法讲解 (一) 语态分类 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。如： They will build a new bridge over the river. (主动) A new bridge will be built over the river. (被动) 汉语中常用“被”、“给”、“由”、“受”等词用来表示被动，而英语用： 助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词构成。 (二) 被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化 主要体现在be的变化上，其形式与系动词be的变化形式完全一样。不同时态的被动语态，列表如下：一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done 一般将来时：shall / will + be done 一般过去将来时：should / would + be done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done 过去完成时：had + been + done 将来完成时：shall / will + have been + done 过去将来完成时：should / would + have been + done ［注］被动语态没有将来进行时和过去将来进行时。 (三)常见的八种时态中的被动语态 1. 一般现在时： (1)People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. (2)The school doesn't allow us to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. We are not allowed to enter the chemistry lab without a teacher. 2. 一般过去时： (1)They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. (2)The students didn't forget his lessons easily. His lessons were not easily forgotten 3. 一般将来时： (1)They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. (2)They will give plenty of jobs to school-leavers. Plenty of jobs will be given to school-leavers. 4. 过去将来时： (1)The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. (2) The workers told me they would mend the car as soon as possible. The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible. 5. 现在进行时：
完整版初中英语语法大全知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法 学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. ：who, she, you, it . 主要用来代替名词。如)： 2、代词(pron.3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I'm Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、 代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接 宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)
初中英语被动语态精讲
动词语态 英语的语态是通过动词的形式表现出来的，用来表明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，英语的动词有两种语态形式，即主动语态和被动语态。 如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语动词用主动语态。如果主语是动作的对象，谓语动词用被动语态。如： They speak English.他们讲英语。 主语“他们”是“讲”这一行为的执行者，是主动句，动词用主动语态来表示； English is spoken by them.英语由他们讲。 主语“英语”是“讲”的承受者，是被动句，动词用被动语态的形式。 He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态） The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态） 一、被动语态的构成 1、助动词be+(及物动词的)过去分词构成动词的被动语态的形式。助动词be有人称、数和 时态的变化，其变化规则与be作为系动词的变化完全一样。 二、主动语态变被动语态 1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤： （1）将主动句的宾语变为主语： 注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如： Tom killed him. →He was killed by Tom. 主动结构的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语，放在被动结构中谓语动词之后。在动作的执行者无须说明或不必要强调时，by短语可以省略。主动语态、被动语态两种时态要保持一致。 （2）将动词改为"be+过去分词"。 They held a meeting yesterday. →A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。 注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。 He sang a song. →A song was sung by him. 2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 含有双宾语，即直接宾语（常指事物）和间接宾语（常指人）的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。 Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。 We were told the truth by Jack. The truth was told (to) us by Jack. 三、各种时态的被动语态 1、一般现在时：am/is/are +过去分词 We are taught English by her.由她教我们英语。 2、一般过去时：was/were+过去分词 A present was given to me by Mary.玛丽给了我一件礼物。 3、一般将来时：will be+过去分词 The desk will be mended by him.这张桌子将由他修理。 4、现在进行时：am/is/are +being + 过去分词 The walls are being painted now.正在粉刷墙壁。 5、过去进行时：was/were +being + 过去分词
(完整word版)最全初中英语语法之-形容词副词教案(已打印两份)
形容词 一.定义： 用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。 二. 注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep 等。例如： Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep. The old man is alone. 形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。 例如： You'd better tell us something interesting. The police found nothing strange in the room. 多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词2）数词3）性质4）大小5）形状6）表示老少，新旧7）颜色8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。 例如：His grandpa still lives in this small short house.他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。 The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates.那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。 形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。 例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。 The rich never help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。 形容词短语做定语时要后置。 如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易较的学生。 We live in a house much larger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。 else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。 如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？
初中英语语法大全(必备)
初中英语语法大全(必备)
英语语法大全： 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do （例如:I like watching monkeys jump） 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易） 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with同····一道，伴随······（例如: I will go along with you我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树） 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…（直接接想要的东西）（例如: ask you for my book ） 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时（例如：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初；……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后；尽头；末尾（例如: At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 （例如: I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表：1 现在进行时2 将来时 19 be able to (+ v.原) = can (+ v.原）能够……（例如: She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么（例如:she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕……（例如: I'm afraid to go out at night I'm afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么（例如: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视、I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视 23 be angry with sb 生某人的气（例如: Don't be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气 25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样（例如: She is as tall as me 她和我一样高 26 be ashamed to感到羞愧 27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从……离开 29 be bad for 对什么有害（例如: Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 30 be born 出生于
初中英语动词的主动语态和被动语态讲解
动词的主动语态和被动语态【用法讲解】考试要求： 中考要求掌握：动词的主动语态和被动语态区别与使用，不同时态的被动语态形式及情态动词的被动语态形式。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者；被动语态是表示句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者。 如：We often clean the blackboard.（我们是擦黑板的执行者即主动语态）The blackboard is often cleaned by us.（黑板是clean的承受者即被动语态）。 1.被动语态的结构 一般现在时：am / is / are +及物动词的过去分词 一般过去时：was / were +及物动词的过去分词 一般将来时：will / shall be +及物动词的过去分词 现在完成时：have / has been +及物动词的过去分词 现在进行时：am / is / are being +及物动词的过去分词 过去完成时：had been +及物动词的过去分词 如：Youare wantedon the phone.有你的电话。 Chinawas liberatedin 1949. 1949年中国解放。 The problemwill be discussedtomorrow. 明天将对这个问题进行讨论。 Not a book in the libraryhas been taken away. 图书馆里没有一本书被人拿走。 My bikeis being repaired.我的自行车正在修理。
The bookhad been borrowedwhen I got to the library.我到了图书馆时,那本书已经借出去了。 2.主动语态与被动语态的转换 （1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词），根据被动语态句子里主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式。 （3）把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。 如：All the people laughed at him. →He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. →The bikes are made by them in the factory. He cut down a tree. →A tree was cut down by him. 3.含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。 We can repair this watch in two days. →This watch can be repaired in two days. They should do it at once. →It should be done at once. 4.含有双宾语的主动语态变为被动语态 主动语态:主语+谓语动词+间接、直接宾语+其他
初中英语被动语态练习题
被动语态 1. The PRC (found) in 1949. 2. Edison’s mother (save) after the operation. 3. I (tell) the good news yesterday. I was pleased to hear that. 4. Dr. Bethune went on with the operation though he (ask) to leave. 5. Very little (know) about the universe thousands of years ago. 6. —Where is Peter? —He (tell) to meet some foreign friends just now. 7. He (live) in this house since it (build). 8. Trees must (put) in the hole so that it is straight. 9. Old people must (speak) to politely. 10. Let’s (go) home if your homework (do). 11. Miss Zhao usually (ask) us some questions in class but yesterday she (ask) a lot of questions by us. 12. Tom (catch) a bad cold. He (must take) good care of. 13. —Look! I (buy) a new dictionary. —When it (buy)? —The day before yesterday. 14. I can’t mend the machine. Uncle Wang should (send) for at once. 15. He showed me the kite as soon as it (make). 16. —this kind of flower (water) every day? —Certainly. It (need) much more water than the others. 17. —Which does Li Lei prefer, the long jump or the high jump? —Of course, the high jump. He (know) to be good at it. 18. Sometimes Tom (take) to school by bike, but now he (walk) to school by himself every morning. 19. No more bread (need) because my mother (buy) so much of it. 20. Stamps can (use) to send and receive letters. 21. My bike (not work) now. It must (mend). I (use) it tomorrow. 22. Your shoes (wear) out. But they can (mend) here. 被动语态专项练习 将下列句子变成被动语态(A) 1.They produce silk in Suzhou. _____________________________. 2. We take good care of our textbooks. ____________________________. 3. Many young people don’t speak Russian. ______________________________. 4. Do you often make lanterns for the traditional Lantern Festival in China?______________. 5. His mother gave him a present for his birthday.________________________________. 6. They didn’t choose me this term. _____________________________________. 7. I often hear him sing in his room. __________________________________. 8. The story made us laugh. ____________________________________. 9. We are going to build a school in the small village. ____________________________. 10. When will you held the match? _______________________________. 11. We should plant many trees on the mountains. ________________________________. 12. His mother told him not to waste time on fishing. _________________________________. 13. Father gave me a toy at Christmas. ______________________________________.
(完整版)初中英语语法八大时态总结,推荐文档
初中英语语法八大时态 一．一般现在时 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将 来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 二．一般过去时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+did (否)No,主语+did not 基本结构否定句一般疑问句
(完整版)人教版初中英语语法完整总结
1 . (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen 从句感觉/对什么有信心，自信 to 、look at ( 感官动词)+（sb. ）+do sth. eg : I am/ feel confident of myspoken English. eg:I like watching monkeys jump. I feel that I can pass the test . 2 . （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样18. be + doing 表：1现在进行时2将来时 eg:the more the more 越来越多19 . be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够?? 3. a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）eg : She is able to sing .= She can sing. 4 . agree with sb赞成某人20. be able to do sth. 能够干什么 5 . all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样e g :she is able to sing . 6 . all over the world = the whole world 整个21. be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕??世界eg : I'm afraed to go out at night . 7. along with 同??一道，伴随??I'm afraid of dog. eg : I will go along with you. 我将和你一起去22. be allowed to do 被允许做什么 The students planted trees along with their eg: I'm allowed to watch TV. 我被允许看电视teachers. 学生同老师们一起种树I should be allowed to watch TV. 我应该被允 8. as soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 许看电视 9 . as you can see 你是知道的(正如你所见)23. be angry with sb 生某人的气 10 . ask for ??求助向?要?（直接接想要的东e g : Don't be angry with me. 西）24. be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 12. ask sb to do sth询问某人某事 为什么而生某人的气 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事25. be as ?原级?as 和什么一样 13 . at the age of 在??岁时eg : She is as tall as me. 她和我一样高 eg ：I amsixteen. = I am at the age of sixteen . 26. be ashamed to 14. at the beginning of ????的起初；??27. be away from远离 的开始28. be away from 从??离开 15. at the end of + 地点/+时间最后；尽头；末29. be bad for对什么有害 尾eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eg : At the end of the day eyes. 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好 16. at this time of year 在每年的这个时候30. be born 出生于 17. be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 31. be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事
初中英语被动语态的讲解
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