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非谓语动词知识点详解

非谓语动词知识点详解
非谓语动词知识点详解

非谓语动词知识点详解

编者按:高考前的第一轮复习也开始一段时间了,同学们都在利用这些复习的时间强化学习,为大家整理了非谓语动词知识点,在高三英语第一轮复习时,给您最及时的帮助! 不定式主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系

一般式To doTo be done动作发生在谓语动作之后

进行式To be doing 与谓语动作同时发生

完成式To have doneTo have been done动作发生在谓语动作之前

动名词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系

一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生

完成式Having doingHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前

现在分词主动语态被动语态与谓语动词的关系

一般式DoingBeing done与谓语动作同时发生

完成式Having doneHaving been done动作发生在谓语动作之前

不定式

一、不定式的作用

1、作主语不定式作主语时,谓语用单数。往往用it作形式主语,把不定式放在谓语后面。如:Ittookustwohourstofinishthejob.

Itisimpossibleforustogetthereontime. Itisverykindofyoutohelpus.

注意:(1)其他系动词如look,appear等也可用于此句型。

(2)当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时,不能用Itisto的句型。试比较:Itistonegatemyownideatobelievehim.(错) Tobelievehimistonegatemyownidea.(对)

(3)Itis+adj.of/forsb.todosth.结构中,当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时,用of,否则用for.

2、作宾语

(1)动词+不定式。如:Hemanagedtoescapefromthefire. Ifindithardtogetalongwithhim.(it作形式宾语)

注:下列动词通常用不定式作宾语:want,try,hope,wish,need,forget,know,promise,refuse,help,decide,begin,start,learn,agree,choose,get等

(2)动词+疑问词+to,特殊疑问句+不定式相当于名词,作宾语。如:

Idontknowwhattodonext/howtodoitnext. Icantdecidewhentogothere.

注意:不定式短语作宾语时,如果还带有宾语补足语,往往

把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后,用it作形式宾语。如:Ifinditnecessarytolearnaforeignlanguage.

3、作宾语补足语

(1)动词+宾语+不定式(todo)。如:Hewarnedmetobecareful.

IwantyoutospeaktoTom.

Whatmakesyouthinkso?(不带to的不定式)

注:可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有:ask,tell,order,want,get,wouldlike,like,advise,invite,allow,help,wish,warn,expect,prefer,encourage

(2)表见解、看法的动词结构可为:动词+宾语+tobe的不定式结构。如:WeconsiderTomtobeoneofthebeststudentsinourclass. Thebookisbelievedtobeuseful.(被动语态)

(3)There+不定式。如:Wedidntexpecttheretobesomanypeoplethere.我们没料到

会有那么多人在那里。

注意:(1)有些动词需用as短语作补语,像regard,think,believe,take,consider。如:WeregardTomasourbestteacher.我们认为汤姆是我们最好

的老师。

Marytookhimasherfather.玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

(2)在动词feel(一感),hear,listento(二听),have,let,make(三让),notice,see,watch,observe,lookat(五看)(即:吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中,不定式不带to,但变为被动语态后,必须带to。如:Theysawtheboyfalloffthetree.Theboywasseentofallofft hetree.

(3)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.

Ioftenhelphim(to)cleantheroom.

Ihelpedhim(to)findhisthings.

4、作定语

不定式作定语,修饰名词或代词,不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如:Ihavealotofworktodo.(动宾关系) Heislookingforaroomtolivein.(动状关系) Heisthefirstpersontothinkoftheidea.(主谓关系) Hehasgotachancetogoabroad.(同位关系)

注意:1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时,不定式用主动形式表被动。如:

Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?

2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语,则要保留不定时短语中

的副词或介词。如:

Ineedapentowritewith.(Iwillwirtewiththepen)(我需要

一直钢笔写字)

Ihavealittlebabytolookafter.(Imustlookafterthelittl ebaby)(我有一个婴儿要照看)

作状语,表示目的、结果、原因等,有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语,如inorderto,soasto,soasto,suchasto,.enoughto,tooto等。

(1)做目的状语,to,onlyto(仅仅为了),inorderto,soasto,so(such).asto(如此以便)如:Heransofastastocatchthefirstbus.他飞快地跑以便赶上

第一班车。

Hecametotheschooltoseehisson.

(2)作结果状语,表事先没有预料到的,要放在句子后面。如:

Hehurriedtothepostofficeonlytofinditwasclosed. Hesearchedtheroomonlytofindnothing.

(3)做原因状语。如:Wewereveryexcitedtohearthenews.

Imgladtoseeyou.

(4)做条件状语。如:

Toturntotheleft,youcouldfindapostoffice.

5、作表语

不定式可放在be动词后面,构成表语。如:Thequestionishowtoputitintopractice. Myquestioniswhentoleave.

Hisdreamistobeadoctor. Herworkistolookafterthebabies.

注意:1.不定式在句中作表语时,对应的谓语动词用单数。

2.当助于是不定式时,表语不能用Ving形式,可用不定式。如:Toseeistobelieve.(眼见为实)

6、独立结构。如:

Totellyouthetruth,Idontagreewithyou. Tomakemattersworse,itbegantorain.

二、不定式的时态和语态

1、不定式的时态

(1)现在时:有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如:

Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.

(2)完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如:

Imsorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble. Heseemstohavecaughtacold.

(3)进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同

时发生。如:

Heseemstobeeatingsomething.

(4)完成进行时:表示动作从过去某个时间开始,一直延续到现在,并有可能持续下去。如:Sheisknowntohavebeenworkingontheproblemformanyyears .

2、不定式的语态

当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时,就用被动式。如:Hewasseentoenterthehall.HeaskedtobesenttoworkinTibe t.

三、省to的动词不定式

1、情态动词(除ought外,oughtto)

2、Wouldrather,hadbetter.

3、感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel等后作宾补,省略to.

注意:在被动语态中to不能省略掉。如:Isawhimdance.Hewasseentodance.Thebossmadethemworkth ewholenight.

Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.

4、使役动词let,have,make.

5、由and,or和than连接的两个不定式,第二个to可以省去。如:HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.

6、Help可带to,也可不带to,helpsb.(to)dosth.

7、Why/Whynot

8、But和except前是动词do时,后面出现的动词用不带to的动词不定式。试比较:Hewantstodonothingbutgoout. Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.

9、通常在discover,imagine,suppose,think,understand 等词后,可以省去tobe.如:

Heissupposed(tobe)nice.他应该是个好人。

--Iusuallygotherebytrain.

--Whynot______byboatforachange? AtotrygoingBtryingtogoCtotryandgoDtrygoing Pauldoesnthavetobemade______.Healwaysworkshard. AlearnBtolearnClearnedDlearning

四、动词不定式的否定式。如:Tellhimnottoshutthewindow.Shepretendednottoseemewhe nIpassedby.

Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking. AnevertodriveBtoneverdriveCneverdrivingDneverdrive Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim______. AnottoBnottodoCnotdoitDdonotdo Thepatientwaswarned______foodbeforetheoperation.

AtoeatnoBeatingnotCnottoeatDnoteating

动名词(动名词具有动词和名词的特征,在句中作主语、表语、宾语和定语)

一、动名词的作用

1、作主语

谓语用单数。It代替动名词作主语,常用于如下结构:Itsnogood/usedoing如:

Seeingisbelieving.

Playingwithfireisdangerous.

Itsnogoodwaitinghere.

2、作宾语

Ienjoylisteningtomusic. Heoftenpracticesplayingthepianointheevening. Heisfondofplayingbasketball. Hehasgivenupsmoking. Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please? (1)只能接动名词作宾语的动词:

admit,advise建议,risk,appreciate,envy嫉妒,avoid 避免,

consider考虑,delay延迟,deny否认,dislike不喜欢,enjoy,escape逃避,excuse原谅、宽恕,

finish完成,forgive原谅,understand理解,giveup放

弃,imagine想象,keep保持,mind介意、在乎,miss未达到,practise训练,putoff推迟,resist抵抗,suggest 建议、暗示

canthelp禁不住,cantstand无法忍受,devoteto(to为介词)致力于,lookforwardto期望、盼望,

stickto坚持,beusedto习惯于,objectto反对,bebusy

忙于,feelike想要

besurprisedat对感到惊讶beproudof以为骄傲succeedin 在某方面成功

beafraidof害怕giveup放弃

(2)只能接不定式作宾语的动词:

happen碰巧,offer主动提出,promise答应,agree同意,refuse拒绝,decide决定,

determine决定、决心,pretend假装,fail未能够,learn,wish希望,hope,expect,afford负担得起。

(3)接动名词、不定式均可,意义相同的动词:like,love,dislike,hate,begin,star,continue,prefer,cantbear/endure无法忍受,cease停止

(4)下列词接动名词和不定式均可,但意义不同的动词:forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等Stoptodo停下来去做stopdoing停止做

Forgettodo忘记要做forgetdoing忘记做过

Remembertodo记得要做rememberdoing记得做过Regrettodo遗憾要做regretdoing后悔做过

Trytodo企图做,尽力做trydoing试着做

Goontodo继续做(另一件事)goondoing继续做(同一件事) Meantodo打算做meandoing意味做InsomepartsofLondon,

missingabusmeans_______foranotherhour. AwaitingBtowaitingCwaitDtobewaiting

答案:A

(5)Need,require,want作需要讲,其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义,beworth也有类似用法。如:Theflowersneedwatering/tobewatered. Theproblemisworthdiscussing.

3、作表语

此时的动名词可以和主语调换位置。如:Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.

Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechild. 4、作定语

动名词作定语,一般表示用途。如:

awaitingroom,adivingboard,areadingroom,adininghall therearealotofswimmingpoolsinthecity.

注:(1)现在分词作定语表动作,它与所修饰的名词之间存

在逻辑上的主谓关系,可改写成一个定语从句。

如果为单词,放在被修饰n之前,为短语,放在被修饰n之后。

如:asleepingboy=aboywhoissleeping adevelopingcountry=acountrywhichisdeveloping

(2)动名词作定语通常表示它所修饰的名词的用途或性质,可改写成一个for的短语,两者不存在逻辑上的主谓关系。如:awashingmachine=amashineforwashing aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming

二、动名词的时态和语态

动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常要用完成式,否则都用一般式。如:Weareinterestedinplayingchess. Hewaspraisedforhavingfinishedtheworkaheadoftime. Imsorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.

若主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象,动名词用被动语态。如:Wemustdosomethingtopreventwaterfrombeingpolluted. Irememberhavingbeentoldastory. Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.

及物动词不及物动词

主动被动主动

一般时doingbeing donedoing

完成时having donehaving been donehaving done

分词(分词分为现在分词和过去分词。在句中作定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语。)

现在分词和过去分词的区别:

在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义; 在时间上,现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生,过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。

如:fallingleaves正在下落的树叶fallenleaves已经落在地上的树叶

一、分词的作用

1、作定语

(1)单个分词作定语,分词前置。如:Thesleepingboyismyson. Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding. Alostopportunityneverreturns.

Heisaretiredworker.

(2)分词短语作定语,分词后置;分词修饰不定代词something等要后置;个别分词如give,left等作定语也后置。如:

Thegirlstandingunderthetreeismyniece.

Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary. Thisisthequestiongiven.

Thereisnothinginteresting.

(3)过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系,相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如:Mostofthepeopleinvitedtothepartywerefamousscientist s

Thefirsttextbook______forteachingEnglishasaforeignl anguagecameoutinthe16thcentury. AhavewrittenBtobewrittenCbeingwrittenDwritten

答案:D

Whatsthelanguage______inGermany? AspeakingBspokenCbespokenDtospeak

答案:B

Pricesofdailygoods______throughacomputercanbelowert hanstoreprices. AareboughtBboughtCbeenboughtDbuying.

答案:B WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor______So rrytomissyou;willcalllater. AreadBreadsCtoreadDreading

答案:D

解析:reading与pinnedtothedoor一样作message的后置定语,相当于whichread,pinned和reading的逻辑主语都是message,它与pin是被动关系,用-ed形式,与read是主动关系,用-ing形式

2、作状语

现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。

Notreceivinganyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall. AsIdidntreceiveanyletterfromhim,Igavehimacall. Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter. Ifmoreattentionwasgiven,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.(条件) Walkingalongthestreet,Iranacrossmyoldfriend. Bittenbyasnake,hewastakentohospital(原因). Thoughdefeated,hedidntloseheart.(让步) Helayonthegrass,lookingintothesky.(伴随) Hecamerunningtotellmethegoodnews.(方式)

______someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy. AFollowedBFollowedbyCBeingfollowedDHavingbeenfollow ed

答案:B

Therewasaterriblenoise______thesuddenburstoflight.

AfollowedBfollowingCtobefollowedDbeingfollowed

答案:B

______,liquidscanbechangedintogases. AHeatingBTobeheatedCHeatedDHeat

答案:C

注意:

(1)选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出,分词就用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。试比较:

(Being)Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间,这本书看上去很旧。

Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中,我发现这本书很有用。

(2)分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致,如果不一致,就用独立主格结构,即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语,一般不用作定语。When______,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear. AcompletedBcompletingCbeingcompletedDtobecompleted 答案:A

______suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver. AHavingsufferedBSufferingCTosufferDSuffered

答案:A

3、作表语

现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征,过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如:

Thefilmistouching.

Theglassisbroken.

Shelookedtiredwithcooking. Heremainedstandingbesidethetable.

-Imvery______withmyowncooking.Itlooksniceandsmellsd elicious.

-Mm,itdoeshavea______smell.

Apleasant;pleasedBpleased;pleasedCpleasant;pleasant Dpleased;pleasant

答案:D

4、作宾语补足语

分词和不定式一样,在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如:

Ismellsomethingburning.

Iheardhimsingingthesong.

Iheardmynamecalled. IcantmakemyselfunderstoodinEnglish. Ifoundmycarmissing.

Illhavemywatchrepaired.我想把我的手表修一下。Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee__ ____thenextyear. AcarryoutBcarryingoutCcarriedoutDtocarryout

答案:C

5、作插入语

其结构是固定的,意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。generallyspeaking一般说来talkingof(speakingof)说到strictlyspeaking严格地说judgingfrom从判断allthingsconsidered从整体来看takingallthingsintoconsideration全面看来。如:Judgingfromhisface,hemustbeill.从他的脸色看,他一定是病了。

Generallyspeaking,dogscanrunfasterthanpigs.总的来说,狗比猪跑得快。

一、分词的时态

1、与主语动词同时。如:

Arrivingthere,theyfoundtheboydead.刚一到那儿,他们就发现那男孩死了。Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,

______alongspeechforthepresident. AtoprepareBpreparingCpreparedDwaspreparing

答案:B

2、先于主语动词

分词作时间状语,如果先于主动词的动作,且强调先后,要用havingdone。如:

Havingfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk. Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewentoutforawalk. 做完作业,他出去散步。

______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain. ANotreceivingBReceivingnot CNothavingreceivedDHavingnotreceived

答案:C

二、分词的语态

1、通常情况下,现在分词表示主动,过去分词表示被动。如:

Heisthemangivingyou/whogaveyouthebook他就是给你书的那个人

Sheisthegirlstoppedby/whowasstoppedbythecar.她就是那个被车拦住的女孩。

2、不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像:gone,fallen,retired,grown-up,escaped,faded,returned 等词。如:

aretiredperson一个退休的人afallenball一个落下来的球

aburnt-outmatch烧完了的火柴

总结:高三复习时间有限,还要合理分配各科时间,欢迎同学们参考高中频道的非谓语动词知识点,找到适合自己的高效学习方法和备考策略,相信定能在高考的战役中取得胜利。

非谓语动词全面讲解

非謂语动词(一) 一、Done 被动性:过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者(receiver), 而不是发出者,两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性:与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比,分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语:许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词,其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语:划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译: 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后:see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后:make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后:like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译:我回到家,发现家里被偷了

非谓语动词讲解(超全)95231

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of little usc/good useless

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