高考英语 必考话题分类解析 话题04 世界与环境(The world Environment)(含解析)

话题04 世界与环境

（The world & Environment）

【话题解读】

“世界环境”是高中新课程标准话题之一，亦是高考英语常考话题。本话题包括动植物保护、生态保护、环境污染和保护等方面。这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注社会环境、树立环保意识、学会与大自然和谐相处。是高考英语热点话题，通常以阅读理解、完形填空和书面表达的形式考查。

【关键词汇、短语、句式】

1.全球的关注 global concern

2.越来越糟get worse and worse/ get from bad to worse/ get more and more serious

3.环境的破坏the destruction of our environment

4.改善环境刻不容缓It’s high time that we did sth to improve the environment

5.提高..的意识raise awareness that /of sth

6.承担保护环境的责任bear the responsibility to protect our environment

7.呼吁某人做某事call on / call for/ appeal to sb to do sth

8.时间不等人the clock is ticking

9.努力做某事make all efforts/ endeavor /make one’s utmost effort / go all out/try all means to do sth

10.采取行动/措施去take action /take measures to do

11.改善目前的状况improve the present situation

12.关注 pay attention to doing/show concern for sth

13.伤害/损害.. cause harm/damage to

14.不惜任何代价 at all cost

15.只要 so/as long as

16.承担做某事的责任 take the responsibility of doing sth

17.以牺牲..作为代价 at the cost/ expense of our environment

18.保护环境 Protect the environment

19.环境污染 Environmental pollution

20.释放有毒气体 Give off/release poisonous gas

21.受到严重污染 Be seriously polluted

22.对…有害 Do harm to / be harmful to

23.(不)注意环保 Pay (no) attention to

24.灭绝 die out

25.多植树Plant more trees

26.把垃圾分类Sort the rubbish

27.回收垃圾Recycle the rubbish

28.受益良多Benefit a lot

29.保持生态平衡Keep the balance of nature

30.防止人们污染河流Prevent people from polluting the rivers

31.为了提高生活质量，环境保护变得越来越重要

In order to improve the quality of our life, it becomes more and more important to…

32.随着科技的进步，环境污染越来越严重

With the development of science and technology, more and more pollution is produced

33. 我们应该立刻采取措施与污染作斗争

We should take immediate action / steps to fight against…

34.唯有这种方式我们才能享受新鲜空气，活得健康

Only in this way can we enjoy fresh air and live a healthy life.

【写作必备句型】

1.To cherish the enviroment is to love ourselves.

爱护环境就是爱护我们自己

2.I make an urgent appeal that measures should be taken to cope with the situation

我急切呼吁应该采取措施改变现状

3.We are sure that we''ll win the battle.

我们坚信我们能赢得战斗

4. Keep our mountains green,the wate clean,and the sky blue.

使我们山更绿，水更清，天更蓝

5.Our earth's days are numbered without urgent help.

没有及时的帮助我们的地球就屈指可数了.

6.（Sth.）are bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blink eye to them.

如果我们继续睁一只眼闭一只眼的话，......一定会有恶劣的后果

7.近来环保已经引起了全球的关注。

Environmental protection has caused global concern recently.

8.我们应该马上采取措施来保护我们的环境免受污染。

It’s high time we took immediate measures to protect our earth from being polluted.

9.每个人都应该提高保护地球的意识。

Everybo dy should raise the awareness that it’s our duty to protect our mother earth.

10.你不难发现每个人都在伤害地球，然而他们可能自己都没有意识到这一点。

You cannot difficultly see that everybody actually is causing damage to the mother earth, which , however, they may not be realizing.

（一）空气污染所致早亡代价巨大

Premature deaths from air pollution are costing the

global economy $5.1tn annually, or roughly twice the economic

output of the UK, with more than half of that burden falling

on China and other developing economies in Asia, according

to a study.

根据一项研究，空气污染导致的过早死亡每年给全球经济带来

5.1万亿美元的代价，大约两倍于英国的经济产出，而其中逾半负担落在中国和亚洲其他发展中经济体身上。 The estimates released yesterday by the World Bank for the first time put a welfare cost on the toll from indoor and outdoor air pollution and highlight how it has soared over the past quarter of a century, as developing economies have rapidly industrialised.

世界银行（World Bank）昨日公布的估计首次对室内和室外空气污染造成的人类福祉代价进行了估算，并突显出，随着发展中经济体迅速工业化，这项代价在过去四分之一个世纪出现飙升。

They also illustrate the scale of the environmental challenge confronting those countries as they seek to address chronic air pollution.

这些估算还展示了相关国家在寻求应对长期空气污染时面对的环境挑战的艰巨性。

An estimated 5.5m lives were lost to diseases associated with air pollution in 2013, the latest

year for which global data are available.

据估计，2013年（可获得全球数据的最近一年）有550万人死于与空气污染有关的疾病。

More than 90 per cent of the premature deaths occurred in developing countries, with young children especially badly affected.

90%以上的过早死亡病例发生在发展中国家，幼童受到特别严重的影响。

Exposure to air pollution increases a person’s risk of illnesses such as lung cancer, stroke, heart disease and bronchitis.

暴露于空气污染会增加一个人患病（如肺癌、中风、心脏病和支气管炎）的风险。

Those diseases, and deaths from them, also carry a rising economic cost according to the study, conducted by the World Bank and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation in Seattle.

由世行联手西雅图健康指标和评估研究所(Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation)进行的这项研究显示，这些疾病及其造成的死亡还导致越来越高的经济成本。

In 1990 there were $2.6tn in welfare losses from air pollution globally (in 2011 dollar terms, adjusted for purchasing power parity), with east Asia accounting for about a quarter.

1990年，全球空气污染造成的福祉损失达到2.6万亿美元（以2011年美元计算，经购买力平价调整），东亚占其中大约四分之一。

Since then, the rise of China has contributed to a surge in air pollution in east Asia leading to a more than quintupling of the cost for that region to $2.3tn in 2013.

自那以来，中国的经济崛起导致东亚空气污染激增，导致2013年该地区的损失增至2.3万亿美元，达到原有水平的五倍。

This extracts a sizeable economic toll.

这造成了相当大的经济代价。

In both east Asia and south Asia, the cost of deaths from air pollution was equivalent to more than 7 per cent of regional economic output in 2013.

在东亚和南亚，空气污染造成的死亡的成本在2013年相当于地区经济产出的7%以上。

Urvashi Narain, who led the World Bank team that assembled the report, said that while there had been some evidence of success globally in reducing household air pollution, the problem of outdoor air pollution was growing.

编制报告的世行团队的负责人乌尔瓦什﹒纳拉因(Urvashi Narain)表示，尽管有一些证据显示，全球在减少家庭空气污染方面取得了一些成功，但室外空气污染的问题越来越大。

China has declared a war on pollution.

中国已经向污染宣战。

We’ve seen action from India as well.

我们也看到印度采取了行动。

But at the same time we also see mentions of London and Paris as cities where this concern still exists, she said. It is such a widespread problem.

但与此同时我们也看到伦敦和巴黎被列入依然存在这种担忧的城市，她表示，这是一个如此普遍的问题。

（二）全球变暖可能会使人类变矮

Global warming could make humans shorter, warn scientists who claim to have found evidence that it caused the world’s first horses to shrunk nearly 50 million years ago.

In fact, a team from the universities of Florida and Nebraska says it has found a link between the earth heating up and the size of mammals—horses, in this case, the last time the world heated up. The scientists used fossils to follow the evolution of horses from their earliest appearance 56 million years ago.

As temperatures went up their size went down, and vice versa; at one point they were as small as a house cat, said Dr. Jonathan Bloch, curator of the Florida museum of natural history, was quoted by the ＂daily mail＂ as saying. The scientists say that the current warming could have the same effect on mammals—and could even make humans smaller.

＂Horses started out small, about the size of a small dog like a miniature schnauzer. what’s surprising is that after they first appeared, they then became even smaller and then dramatically increased in size, and that exactly corresponds to the global warming event, followed by cooling. ＂It had been known that mammals were small during that time and that it was warm, but we hadn’t understood that temperature specifically was driving the evolution of body size,＂Dr. Bloch said in the ＂Science＂ journal.

科学家警告说，全球变暖可能会使人类变矮。科学家宣称已经找到证据：近5000万年前全球变暖就曾让世界上最早的马个头变小。

事实上，来自佛罗里达州和内布拉斯加州的大学的一支研究团队称，他们已经找到地球变暖和哺乳动物个头之间的联系。这一案例中马变矮的现象是上一次全球变暖时发生的。科学家用化石来追溯马从5600万年前诞生至今的进化历程。

随着气温的上升，马的个头变小，反之马的个头就变大。《每日邮报》援引佛罗里达自然历史博物馆馆长乔纳森?布洛赫博士的话说，它们曾一度像家猫那么小。科学家称，当前的全球变暖可能也会对哺乳动物产生同样的影响，甚至可能会让人类的个子也变小。

布洛赫博士在《科学》杂志中写道：＂马最初的个头很小，和一只小狗的个头差不多，大约也就像一只迷你型雪纳瑞犬那么大。令人惊讶的是，在马诞生后过了一段时间，它们的个子变得更小，之后个头又显著变大，而这些变化与全球变暖和变冷正好是相对应的。＂我们已经知道哺乳动物在那个时期个头较小，而那个时期气候也较暖，但我们还未意识到正是温度驱动着身体大小的进化。＂

高考试题一（2017年·江苏卷）

Old Problem, New Approaches

While clean energy is increasingly used in our daily life, global warming will continue for some decades after CO2emissions（排放）peak. So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change. Here I will stress some smarter and more creative examples of climate adaptation.

When it comes to adaptation, it is important to understand that climate change is a process. We are therefore not talking about adapting to a new standard, but to a constantly shifting set of conditions. This is why, in part at least, the US National Climate Assessment says that: ＂There is no ‘one-size fits all’ adaptation.＂ Nevertheless, there are some actions that offer much and carry little risk or cost.

Around the world, people are adapting in surprising ways, especially in some poor countries. Floods have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades. Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster. His not-for-profit organization runs 100 river boats that serve as floating libraries, schools, and health clinics, and are equipped with solar panels and other communicating facilities. Rezwan is creating floating connectivity（连体） to replace flooded roads and highways. But he is also working at a far more fundamental level: his staff show people

how to make floating gardens and fish ponds prevent starvation during the wet season.

Elsewhere in Asia even more astonishing actions are being taken. Chewang Norphel lives in a mountainous region in India, where he is known as the Ice Man. The loss of glaciers(冰川) there due to global warming represents an enormous threat to agriculture. Without the glaciers, water will arrive in the rivers at times when it can damage crops. Norphel’s inspirati on came from seeing the waste of water over winter, when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. His fields of ice supply perfectly timed irrigation(灌溉) water. Having created nine such ice reserves, Norphel calculates that he has stored about 200, 000 m3 of water. Climate change is a continuing process, so Norp hel’s ice reserves will not last forever. Warming will overtake them. But he is providing a few years during which the farmers will, perhaps, be able to find other means of adapting.

Increasing Earth’s reflectiveness can cool the planet. In southe rn Spain the sudden increase of greenhouses (which reflect light back to space) has changed the warming trend locally, and actually cooled the region. While Spain as a whole is heating up quickly, temperatures near the greenhouses have decreased. This example should act as an inspiration for all cities. By painting buildings white, cities may slow down the warming process.

In Peru, local farmers around a mountain with a glacier that has already fallen victim to climate change have begun painting the entire mountain peak white in the hope that the added reflectiveness will restore the life-giving ice. The outcome is still far from clear. But the World Bank has included the project on its of "100 ideas to save the planet＂.

More ordinary forms of adaptation are happening everywhere. A friend of mine owns an area of land in western Victoria. Over five generations the land has been too wet for cropping. But during the past decade declining rainfall has allowed him to plant highly profitable crops. Farmers in many countries are also adapting like this—either by growing new produce, or by growing the same things differently. This is common sense. But some suggestions for adapting are not. When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense designed to make the case for business as usual.

Human beings will continue to adapt to the changing climate in both ordinary and astonishing ways. But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our energy systems to emit less

carbon pollution. After all, if we adapt in that way, we may avoid the need to change in so many others.

65. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 implies ____________.

A. adaptation is an ever-changing process

B. the cost of adaptation varies with time

C. global warming affects adaptation forms

D. adaptation to climate change is

challenging

66. What is special with regard to Rezwan’s project?

A. The project receives government support.

B. Different organizations work with

each other.

C. His organization makes the best of a bad situation.

D. The project connects flooded

roads and highways.

67. What did the Ice Man do to reduce the effect of global warming?

A. Storing ice for future use.

B. Protecting the glaciers from

melting.

C. Changing the irrigation time.

D. Postponing the melting of the glaciers.

68. What do we learn from the Peru example?

A. White paint is usually safe for buildings.

B. The global warming tread cannot be stopped.

C. This country is heating up too quickly.

D. Sunlight reflection may relieve global warming.

69. According to the author, polluting industries should ____________.

A. adapt to carbon pollution

B. plant highly profitable crops

C. leave carbon emission alone

D. fight against carbon pollution

70. What’s the author’s preferred solution to global warming?

A. Setting up a new standard.

B. Reducing carbon emission.

C. Adapting to climate change.

D. Monitoring polluting industries.

【话题解读】文章大意：文章关注的是我们熟悉的话题——气候变暖，不同的是，文章给出了一些应对气候变暖的新途径。

66.C 【解析】根据第三段中的＂Mohammed Rezwan saw opportunity where others saw only disaster.＂

可知，Rezwan 会从危机中看到机遇，会充分利用现有条件。

67.A 【解析】根据第四段中的＂Norphel’s inspiration come from seeing the waste of water over winter,

when it was not needed. He directed the wasted water into shallow basins where it froze, and was stored until the spring. ＂可知，把冰川融化后的水储存起来以备不时之需，是减少气候变暖危害的方法之一。

69.D 【解析】根据倒数第二段中的＂When the polluting industries argue that we’ve lost the battle

to control carbon pollution and have no choice but to adapt, it’s a nonsense ...＂可知，作者不赞成＂我们已经在与碳污染的斗争中失败了＂这样的说法，说明作者建议污染企业行动起来。

70.B 【解析】根据最后一段中的＂But the most sensible form of adaptation is surely to adapt our

energy systems to emit less carbon pollution.＂可知，作者认为，最合理的方法仍然是减少二氧化碳的排放。

高考试题二（2016年·北京卷）

California Condor’s Shocking Recovery

California condors are North America ’s largest birds,

with wind-length of up to 3 meters. In the 1980s, electrical

lines and lead poisoning(铅中毒) nearly drove them to dying out.

Now, electric shock training and medical treatment are helping

to rescue these big birds.

In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖). Since 1992, there have been multiple reintroductions to the wild, and there are now more than 150 flying over

California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico.

Electrical lines have been killing them off. “As they go in to rest for the night, they just don’t see the power lines,” says Bruce Rideout of San Diego Zoo. Their wings can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.

So scientists have come up with a shocking idea. Tall poles, placed in large training areas, teach the birds to stay clear of electrical lines by giving them a painful but undeadly electric shock. Before the training was introduced, 66% of set-freed birds died of electrocution. This has now dropped to 18%.

Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with. When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities of lead. This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death. So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo, where they are treated with calcium EDTA, a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days. This work is starting to pay off. The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38% in 2000 to 5.4% in 2011.

Rideout’s team thinks that the California condors’ average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years. “Although these measures are not effective forever, they are vital for now,” he says. “They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them. ”

63. California condors attract researchers’ interest because they _________.

A. are active at night

B. had to be bred in the wild

C. are found only in California

D. almost died out in the 1980s

64. Researchers have found electrical lines are _________.

A. blocking condors’ journey home

B. big killers of California condors

C. rest places for condors at night

D. used to keep condors away

65. According to Paragraph 5, lead poisoning _________.

A. makes condors too nervous to fly

B. has little effect on condors’ kidneys

C. can hardly be gotten rid of fro m condors’ blood

D. makes it difficult for condors to produce baby birds

66. This passage shows that _________.

A. the average survival time of condors is satisfactory

B. Rideout’s research interest lies in electric engineering

C. the efforts to protect condors have brought good results

D. researchers have found the final answers to the problem

63 D 【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“As they go in to rest for the night”排除A；根据第

二段“In the late 1980s, the last few condors were taken from the wild to be bred(繁殖)”

可知，condors一直生活在野外，排除B；根据第二段“more than 150 flying over California and nearby Arizona, Utah and Baja in Mexico”可知，不止加利福尼亚州有condors，排除C，故选D。

64.B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Electrical lines have been killing them off...Their wings

can bridge the gap between lines, resulting in electrocution(电死) if they touch two lines at once.”可知，兀鹰不知道停在电线上翅膀同时触到两根及两根以上电线会触电身亡，它们经常停在电线上休息，结果，很多兀鹰被电死了，故选B。

65.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据“This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby

birds, and can lead to kidney(肾) failures and death”可知，摄入大量铅会刺激兀鹰的神经系统，影响它们的生育能力，导致肾衰竭和死亡，故选D。

高考试题三（2015年·四川卷）

Their cheery song brightens many a winter’s day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night — as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.

David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds’ biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.

Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds’ health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.

He told people at a conference, "There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy."

And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, "In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls?’. During the breeding (繁殖) season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can’t sleep."

Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise. However, some birds thrive (兴旺) in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic State University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敌) fleeing to quieter areas.

42.According to Dr Dominoni’s study, what causes robins to sing so much?

A. The breeding season.

B. The light in modern life.

C. The dangerous environment.

D. The noise from heavy machinery.

43.What is the researchers’ concern over the increase of birds’ song output?

A. The environment might be polluted.

B. The birds’ health might be damaged.

C. The industry cost might be increased.

D. The people’s hearing might be affected.

44.What does the underlined word "nocturnal" in Paragraph 5 mean?

A. Active at night.

B. Inactive at night.

C. Active during the day.

D. Inactive during the day.

45.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments?

A. Because there are fewer dangers.

B. Because there is more food to eat.

C. Because there is less light pollution.

D. Because there are more places to take shelter.

【话题解读】这是一篇研究类文章。夜间灯光及嘈杂的城市环境导致知更鸟整夜长鸣，这不仅导致消耗它们的能量，而且对它们的健康有害。

42.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第二段中的"light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is

affecting the birds’ biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep"可知答案为B。

43.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据第一段中的"But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out

by singing too much"及第四段中的最后一句可知答案为B。

高考试题四（2015年·浙江卷）

If humans were truly at home under the light of the moon and stars, we would go in darkness happily, the midnight world as visible to us as it is to the vast number of nocturnal (夜间活动的) species on this planet. Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted to living in the sun’s light. This is a basic evolutionary fact, even though most of us don’t think of ourselves as diurnal beings. Yet it’s the only way to explain what we’ve done to the night: We’ve engineered it to receive us by filling it with light.

The benefits of this kind of engineering come with consequences — called light pollution — whose effects scientists are only now beginning to study. Light pollution is largely the result of bad lighting design, which allows artificial light to shine outward and upward into the sky. Ill-designed lighting washes out the darkness of night and completely changes the light levels — and light rhythms — to which many forms of life, including ourselves, have adapted. Wherever human light spills into the natural world, some aspect of life is affected.

In most cities the sky looks as though it has been emptied of stars, leaving behind a vacant haze (霾) that mirrors our fear of the dark. We’ve grown so used to this orange haze that the original glory of an unlit night — dark enough for the planet Venus to throw shadows on Earth — is wholly beyond our experience, beyond memory almost.

We’ve lit up the night as if it were an unoccupied country, when nothing could be further from the truth. Among mammals alone, the number of nocturnal species is astonishing. Light is a powerful biological force, and on many species it acts as a magnet (磁铁). The effect is so powerful that scientists speak of songbirds and seabirds being "captured" by searchlights on land or by the light from gas flares on marine oil platforms. Migrating at night, birds tend to collide with brightly lit tall buildings.

Frogs living near brightly lit highways suffer nocturnal light levels that are as much as a million times brighter than normal, throwing nearly every aspect of their behavior out of joint, including their nighttime breeding choruses. Humans are no less trapped by light pollution than the frogs. Like most other creatures, we do need darkness. Darkness is as essential to our biological welfare, to our internal clockwork, as light itself.

Living in a glare of our own making, we have cut ourselves off from our evolutionary and cultural heritage — the light of the stars and the rhythms of day and night. In a very real sense, light

pollution causes us to lose sight of our true place in the universe, to forget the scale of our being, which is best measured against the dimensions of a deep night with the Milky Way — the edge of our galaxy — arching overhead.

50.According to the passage, human beings .

A. prefer to live in the darkness

B. are used to living in the day light

C. were curious about the midnight world

D. had to stay at home with the light of the moon

51.What does "it" (Paragraph 1) most probably refer to?

A. The night.

B. The moon.

C. The sky.

D. The planet.

52.The writer mentions birds and frogs to .

A. provide examples of animal protection

B. show how light pollution affects animals

C. compare the living habits of both species

D. explain why the number of certain species has declined

53.It is implied in the last paragraph that .

A. light pollution does harm to the eyesight of animals

B. light pollution has destroyed some of the world heritages

C. human beings cannot go to the outer space

D. human beings should reflect on their position in the universe

54.What might be the best title for the passage?

A. The Magic Light.

B. The Orange Haze.

C. The Disappearing Night.

D. The Rhythms of Nature.

【话题解读】这是一篇环保类说明文。当今社会人们习惯了有光的生活，但是过多的人造光就造成了光污染，这不仅给动物带来了危害，也给人类造成了麻烦，因此我们应该关注光污染。

50.B 【解析】考查细节理解。由第一段第二句"Instead, we are diurnal creatures, with eyes adapted

to living in the sun’s light"可知，人类习惯生活在有光的环境中，是昼出动物，因此选B。

51.A 【解析】考查代词指代。联系上文中的"what we’ve done to the night"可知,it指代的是the night，

因此选A。

52.B 【解析】考查推理判断。联系第四.五段的内容可知,作者列举鸟类和青蛙的例子是为了说明光污染给

动物带来的危害,因此选B。

高考试题五（2015年·新课标卷I）

Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?

In 1969, the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It 61 (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it 62 (actual) caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of 63 most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.

But the river wasn't changed in a few days 64 even a few months. It took years of work 65 (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is 66 (clean) than ever.

Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit 67 is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation, don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?

While there are 68 (amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the 69 (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be 70 (patience).

【话题解读】本文通过一个城市清理工业污染的例子说明这样一个道理：只要我们坚持不懈，我们可以做成那些看似不可能的事情。

61.was

【解析】考查谓语动词。前句有时间状语In 1969，因此描述的是过去的情况。应用一般过去时，本空填was。

62.actually

【解析】考查词形转换。空格在动词前，应用副词修饰,本空填actually。

63.the

【解析】考查冠词。后面有形容词的最高级，因此该空填定冠词the。

64.or

67.that/which

【解析】考查定语从句。本句含有定语从句，先行词为 a habit，指物，在从句中作主语，应填关系代词that/which。

68.amazing

【解析】考查词形转换。本空在名词之前，应用形容词作定语。amazing"惊人的"，修饰名词stories。69.changes

【解析】考查名词。本句为主系表结构，空格后的are gradual暗示本空填名词复数changes。

70.patient

【解析】考查词形转换。本句为祈使句。在系动词be后应用形容词作表语，因此本空填patient。

I.阅读理解

A

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

US Heat Wave — The Federal Emergency Management Agency, FEMA, warns that the heat wave that

threatens to break records in the United States has to be taken seriously.

US authorities are warning about the dangers of an intense heat wave that is affecting much of the country and ask people to take precautions.

Daniel Llargués, spokesman for FEMA, the government agency that manages emergencies in the country, said in an interview with the Voice of America that this is a phenomenon that should be taken very seriously.

"A heat wave is as dangerous as a hurricane or a tornado, and can cause deaths, so we take every precaution to alert the population," says Llargués.

The FEMA spokesman stressed that the summer season attracts a lot of tourists to the cities like Washington, D.C., New York and other west coast cities, and people visiting these cities must take appropriate precautions.

"Our suggestion for them is to download our https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d535289.html, application for their smartphones and they will find time alerts with current temperatures and suggestions for shelters and emergency aid," says Llargués.

Temperatures reaching 96 to 100 degrees Fahrenheit on the thermometer and humidity reaching 104 degrees have affected several states.

"We have almost never see a phenomenon of such a broad scope... and we want people to take precautions, especially with the elderly and children," says the FEMA spokesman.

At the same time, Llargués says that the ma in recommendations focus on the need to drink plenty of water, avoid alcohol or caffeine containing drinks, and to stay in cool places.

"Walking long distances or exercising outdoors is not recommended. One should take into account places with air conditioning to recover body temperature from time to time," said the FEMA spokesman.

1.We can learn from the first paragraph that ________.

A. the United States will suffer a very serious heat wave

B.FEMA threatens to break the heat wave records in the United States

C. the United States has to take the present records of the heat wave seriously

D. the United States has taken some measures to deal with the heat wave seriously

2.In the interview, Daniel Llargués mentions the hurricane and the tornado to ________.

A. tell the differences of the three phenomena

B. explain the serious destruction of the heat wave

C. show the three phenomena have the same cause

D. suggest that only the three phenomena can cause deaths

3.The underlined world "them" in Paragraph 6 refers to________.

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/7d535289.html, authorities

B. the FEMA spokesmen

C. tourists to west coast cities

D. the elderly and children

4.What is the best tittle of this passage?

A. The Suggestions of the Heat Wave Given by FEMA

B. The Study of the Heat Wave by FEMA

C. Precautions Taken to Deal with the Heat Wave

D. The US Heat Wave Should Be Taken Seriously, Says FEMA

B

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

In one way or another, all our water comes from the sea. 1 The vapor rises and freezes to form clouds. These clouds release their water as rain, often when they are blown over high ground. Rain goes deep into the ground, runs into streams and rivers, and flows back into the sea. Also, plants take water from the soil and put some back into the air as vapor. In this way, water is always being recycled. 2

Human beings also take part in the water cycle. We build reservoirs(水库) to trap water for our houses and factories. 3

Some water takes many thousands of years to complete the cycle. It collects in huge areas of underground. This kind of water is often used by people as a source of tap water. People around the world use tap water in their daily life. 4 A lot of reservoirs have been built and they have brought many changes to the landscape and affected wildlife. People do not know the fact that taking too much water from underground can change the conditions on the surface. For example, it can dry out the habitats of some wildlife. If sewage or chemical waste are not made clean carefully, they can make drinking water dirty.

5 A good water cycle is human’s luck.

A. It is important that we should use water in a responsible way.

B. There are many problems with the use of tap water.

C. This is called the water cycle.

D. Learning how to recycle water not only saves you money, but also is good for the planet.

E. The sun heats the sea, and water evaporates to become vapor.

F. Our waste water and sewage(污水)is put back into the sea though it is sometimes purified

first.

G. Many rivers and lakes are being polluted by the waste water from factories.

II.完形填空

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

In our modern world, when something wears out, we throw it away and buy a new one. The 1 is that countries around the world have growing mountains of 2 because people are throwing out more rubbish than ever before.

How did we 3 a throwaway society? First of all, it is now easier to 4 an object than to spend time and money to repair it. 5modern manufacturing(制造业)and technology, companies are able to produce products quickly and inexpensively. Products are plentiful and 6 .

Another cause is our 7 of disposable(一次性的)products. As 8 people, we are always looking for 9to save time and make our lives easier. Companies 10thousands of different kinds of disposable products: paper plates, plastic cups, and cameras, to name a few.

Our appetite for new products also 11 to the problem. We are 12 buying new things. Advertisements persuade us that 13 is better and that we will be happier with the latest products. The result is that we 14 useful possessions to make room for new ones.

All around the world, we can see the 15 of this throwaway lifestyle. Mountains of rubbish just keep getting bigger. To 16 the amount of rubbish and to protect the 17 , more governments are requiring people to recycle materials. 18 , this is not enough to solve(解决)our problem.

Maybe there is another way out. We need to repair our possessions 19 throwing them away. We also need to rethink our attitudes about 20 . Repairing our possessions and changing our spending habits may be the best way to reduce the amount of rubbish and take care of our environment.

1.A. key B. reason C. project D. problem

2.A. gifts B. rubbish C. debt D. products