英美文学期末Summary 4 of English Literature

Summary 4 of English Literature

?Chapter Six The Modern Period

Background Information:

?In the second half of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century, both natural and social sciences in Europe had enormously advanced.

The two world wars destroyed people’s faith in the Victorian values and gave rise to all kinds of philosophical ideas in Western Europe.

?Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. It began with the French Symbolism in the late 19th century. Towards the 1920s, different literary trends of modernism converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement. Major figures associated with this movement were Kafka, Picasso, Pound, Eliot, Joyce and Virginia Woolf.

?After the Second World War, a variety of modernism, or post-modernism, like existentialist literature, theater of the absurd, new novels and black humor, rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that “the world was absurd, and the human life was an agony.

?Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical base.The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself.

?Modernism, is in many respects, a reaction against realism.

Drama in the Modern Period

?The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde (The Importance of Being Earnest) and George Bernard Shaw, who pioneered the modern drama.

?Shaw is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare, whose works are examples of the play inspired by social criticism. His representative works are Widower’s Houses《鳏夫之家》, Mrs. Warren’s Profession《华伦夫人的职业》and Heartbreak House《伤心之屋》. Poetry in The Modern Period

?The 20th century witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. The early poems of Ezra Pound and T.S. Eliot and Yeats’ matured poetry marked the rise of “modern poetry,” which was, in some sense, a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry.

William Butler Yeats

威廉·巴特勒·叶芝(1865~1939)

?Irish poet and dramatist, the central poet of modern literature

?His fame rests chiefly with his shorter poems and lyrics. T.S. Eliot considered him to be the greatest English-speaking poet of his age.

?The three major concerns of his life — art, Irish nationalism and occult studies

— are all central to his poetry and drama.

?Representative poems:

?The Lake Isle of Innisfree

“茵尼斯弗利岛”

?Sailing to Byzantium

“驶向拜占庭”

?Leda and the Swan：“丽达与天鹅”

Irish National Theater Movement

?With their joint efforts, the Irish playwrights like W.B. Yeats, Lady Gregory, and J.M. Synge brought about the Irish National Theater Movement in the early 20th century, thus starting an Irish dramatic revival. Yeats was the leader of this movement. To write about Ireland for an Irish audience and to recreate a specifically Irish literature---these were the aims that Yeats was fighting for as a poet and a playwright.

Summary of “The Lake Isle of Innisfree”:

The twelve-line poem is divided into three quatrains with a rhyme pattern abab cdcd efef. It is an example of Yeats’s earlier lyric poems. The short poem explores the speaker's longing for the peace and tranquility of Innisfree while residing in an urban setting. It is typically a pastoral poem.

Yeats used sounds found in nature (bees, crickets, and water lapping) to make Innisfree appear to be peaceful and tranquil. There is a pause in the middle of the first three lines of every stanza; Yeats does this to slow the reader down, so that they can feel the calm that his lines are expressing. Alliteration is also used in this poem (cabin, clay; glimmer, glow). He described where the peace comes from through several visual and aural images, like“the veils of the morning”, “purple glow”and “the cricket sings.”

He can escape the noise of the city and be lulled by the "lake water lapping with low sounds by the shore." On this small island, he can return to nature by growing beans and having bee hives, by enjoying the "purple glow" of noon, the sounds of birds' wings, and, of course, the bees. He can even build a cabin and stay on the island much as Thoreau, the American Transcendentalist, lived on Walden Pond.

T.S. Eliot艾略特(1888~1965)

?one of the most important modernist poets, verse dramatists and prose writers ?Eliot’s m ost important single poem The Waste Land has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry. It is often regarded as being primarily a reflection of the 20th-century people’s disillusionment and frustration in a sterile and futile society.

?Representative works:

?Murder in the Cathedral《教堂里的谋杀案》

?Tradition and Individual Talent《传统与个人天才》

?Prufrock and Other Observations《普鲁弗洛克与其它情况》

?The Waste Land《荒原》

?The Hollow Men《空心人》

?Four Quartets

《四个四重奏》

“The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock”“阿尔弗瑞德·普鲁弗洛克的情歌”

?Eliot’s most striking early achievemen t

?Written in a form of dramatic monologue, it presents the meditation of an aging young man over the business of proposing marriage. It is a pretended “love song”. The poem is intensely anti-romantic with visual images of hard, gritty objects and evasive hellish atmosphere.

?Prufrock, the protagonist of the poem, is neurotic, self-important, illogical and incapable of action. He is a kind of tragic figure caught in a sense of defeated idealism and tortured by unsatisfied desires.

Novels in the Modern Period

?The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian tradition, yet its exposing and criticizing power had been somewhat weakened. The three trilogies of John Galsworthy’s Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century, which revealed the corrupted capitalist world.

?The first three decades of the 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation, the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role.

?Writers like Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage (1915~1938) by Richardson, Ulysses(1922) by Joyce, and Mrs. Dalloway (1925) by woolf. Their works made tremendous impact on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century.

?In the works of E.M. Foster(A Passage to India，A Room with a View) and

D.H. Lawrence, old traditions are still there, but their subject matter about

human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern.

?Modernist novels came to a decline in the 1930s, though Joyce and Woolf continued their experiments.

James Joyce 詹姆斯·乔伊斯(1882~1941)

?the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist

?In his lifetime, he wrote altogether three novels, a collection of short stories, two volumes of poetry and one play.

?The novels and stories have the same setting: Ireland, especially Dublin, and the same subject: the Irish people and their life.

?Joyce’s encyclopedia-like masterpiece Ulysses has become a prime example of modernism in literature.The protagonist Leopold Bloom has become the symbol of every-man in the post-World-WarⅠEurope.

?Representative works:

?Dubliners《都柏林人》

? A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man《青年艺术家的画像》

?Ulysses《尤利西斯》

?Finnegans Wake《芬尼根的苏醒》

David Herbert Lawrence 大卫·赫伯特·劳伦斯(1885~1930)

?Enlgish novelist, short-story writer, poet and essayist.

?one of the greatest English novelists of the 20th century, and the greatest from

a working-class family

?He is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing; but unlike Joyce, he was not concerned with technical innovations.

?Lawrence’s interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature.

?Representative works:

?The White Peacock《白孔雀》

?Lady Chatterley’s Lover

《查特莱夫人的情人》

?Sons and Lovers《儿子和情人》

?The Rainbow《虹》

?Women in Love《恋爱中的女人》

stream of consciousness

Stream of consciousness is a narrative technique that presents thoughts as if they were coming directly from a character’s mind.

Developed by such writers as James Joyce and Virginia Woolf, stream-of-consciousness writing is used to reveal a character’s complex psychology and to present it in realistic detail.

Lacking chronological order, the events in a stream of consciousness narrative are presented from the character’s point of view, mixed in with the character’s ongoing feelings and memories.

Virginia Woolf (1882 ~ 1941)

1882—1941, English novelist and essayist; daughter of Sir Leslie Stephen. A successful innovator in the form of the novel, she is considered a significant force in 20th-century fiction. Considered one of the best of the Modernist writers, Virginia Woolf's personal life is almost as intriguing as her fiction.

As a novelist Woolf's primary concern was to represent the flow of ordinary experience. Her emphasis was not on plot or characterization but on a character's consciousness, his thoughts and feelings, which she brilliantly illuminated by the stream of consciousness technique. She did not limit herself to one consciousness, however, but slipped from mind to mind, particularly in The Waves, probably her most experimental novel. Her prose style is poetic, heavily symbolic, and filled with

superb visual images.

Woolf's early works, The Voyage Out(1915) and Night and Day (1919), were traditional in method, but she became increasingly innovative in Jacob's Room (1922), Mrs. Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927), and The Waves (1931).

英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末

英语专业-英美文学试卷及答案-期末

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1.现实主义、批判现实主义（代表人物、作品，以及每部作品讲了什么故事）P276—比如《匹克威克外传》主要讲什么？P281 《双城记》主要讲什么？P298 《大卫科波菲尔》主要讲什么？P292 2.其中自传体形式的作品有哪些？ 3.傲慢与偏见的第一个名字：first impression(Pride and prejudice现) 4.三姐妹指的是？ 5.19世纪有名小说名利场副标题：“A Novel Without a Hero”作者：William Makepeace Thackeray P303 6.18th浪漫主义作家、代表作P211 反对什么,反抗什么思想？ 7.Pop代表作有哪些？P134 剪发记？ 8.玄学诗派有哪些人物组成？Leading Feature? P116 9.乌托邦is written in form of ?P33 10.Universal Wicks大学才子是谁？P50 11.中世纪文学流行的是? 主题特征骑马精神P8？ 12.最著名作家：乔叟P19 13.对于三次征服的概念（1）罗马征服P1 （2）英国人征服P2（3）诺曼征服P5 14.人民大宪章什么时候出现？时间：1837年

1.John Milton He was born in London in 1608. He is a master of the blank verse, and a great stylist. And he is famous for his grand style.But his style is never exactly natural. He devoted almost twenty years of his best life to the fight for political, religious and personal liberty as a writer. His famous works are Paradise lost, Paradise Regained, and Samson Agonistes. 2.Romance Romance was the most prevailing kind of literature of the upper class in feudal England in the Medieval Ages. It is a long composition in verse or in prose which describes the life and chivalric adventures of a noble hero. The central character of romances is the knight, a man of noble birth skilled in the use of weapon. The theme of loyalty to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances. 3.the Enlightenment It is the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the nineteenth century. It was an optimistic belief that humanity could improve itself by applying logic and reasons to all things. Typically, these enlightenment writers would use satire to ridicule what they felt illogical errors in government, social

英美文学欣赏考题整理及答案

Part One：English Poetry 1.William Shakespeare Sonnet 18 ?Why does the poet compare `thee` to a summer?s day? And who could `thee` be? Because summer?s day and thee both represent beauty . thee could be beauty, love. ?What picture have you got of English summer, and could you explain why? Warm, beautiful, sunshine. Because summer is the best season of a year ,the most beautiful season. It is like our May. ?How does the poet answer the question he puts forth in the first line? Thee is more beautiful than summer. ?What makes the poet think that “thou” can be more fair than summer and immortal? Because humanism is more eternal than summer and immortal. ?What figures of speech are used in this poem? Simile, metaphor, personification, oxymoron and so on . ?What is the theme of the poem? Love conquers all, Beauty lives on. 2. Thomas Nashe Spring ?Read the poem carefully, pay attention to those image- bearing words, and see how many images the poet created in the poem and what sense impressions you can get from those images. There is “Blooms each thing, maids dance in a ring, the pretty birds do sing, the palm and may make country houses gay, Lambs frisk' and play, the shepherds pipe all day, And we hear aye birds tune this merry lay, The fields breathe sweet, the daisies kiss our feet, Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit, In every street these tunes bur ears do greet!” The “Young lovers meet, old wives a-sunning sit，”impressions me most because of the harmony of the people?s relationship. ?Can you point out and explain the sound and their musical effect in the poem? In the Poem, each section has four lines, each line has ten syllables ( five tone step ) . In order to give the reader a spring breeze , streams , flowers , winding , Song Xin texture of sound and light flavor, Naixi greater uses English word S , z , f , V , R , L , and θconsonants means. In Naixi's poem, the use of phonological is also very harmonious, very smooth , very mellow. Section I of the poetry has Three pairs [ ing ] , section II of the poem has three pairs [ ei ] and the third quarter has three pairs [ i : ]. 3.John Donne A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning ?What is a “valediction” any way? Is the speaker in the poem about to die? Why does the speaker forbid mourning? No, it is about the lover s?separation. As the poem metaphors, the poet believed he and his wife?s love is sacred, he didn?t hope they cry when separation comes, let their love be stained by the ordinary and mundane.

英美文学选读试题详解4

英美文学选读-阶段测评4 成绩：30分 一、Multiple Choice 共40 题 题号: 1 本题分数:2.5 分 ( )is generally regarded as the forerunner of the 20th—century “stream—of—consciousness” novels and the founder of psychological realism. A、Theodore Dreiser B、William Faulkner C、Henry James D、Mark Twain (P498.para.2)亨利.詹姆斯是美国现实主义文学大师，他的作品往往涉及美国之外的主题，其作品的风格是“心理活动”。被誉为20世纪美国意识流文学的先驱。 标准答案：C 考生答案：D 本题得分：0 分 题号: 2 本题分数:2.5 分 Closely related to Dickinson’s religious poetry are her poems concerning( ),ranging over the physical as well as the psychological and emotional aspects of death. A、love and nature B、death and universe C、death and immortality D、family and happiness （P518para2）迪金森的诗歌涉及宗教和爱情两方面，而其涉及宗教的诗歌往往是以死亡和永恒为主题的，所以答案是C。 标准答案：C 考生答案：A

英美文学史期末考试资料

Comment on Walden In 1845, Thoreau decided to conduct an experiment of self-sufficiency by building his own house on the shores of Walden Pond and living off the food he grew on his farm. He sought to reduce his physical needs to a minimum, in order to free himself for study, thought, and observation of nature, himself. Walden can be many things and can be read on more than one level. But it is, first and foremost, a book about man, what he is, and what he should be and must be. Considered one of the all-time great books, Walden is a record of Thoreau's two year experiment of living at Walden Pond. The writer's chief emphasis is on the simplifications and enjoyment of life now. It is regarded as 1. a nature book.2. a do-it-yourself guide to simple life. 3. a satirical criticism of modern life and living. 4. a belletristic achievement 5. a spiritual book. The Scarlet Letter Symbolic meaning of the letter “A” :1.The scarlet letter “A” is the central symbol of the novel. At the beginning it symbolized the sin of Hester—“adultery”, 2.then gradually when Hester became accepted by the community, it stands for Hester’s intelligence and diligence—“able”. 3.At the end of the novel the symbol has evolved to represent the high virtues of Hester Prynne—“angel”. Comments on The Scarlet Letter:1.The theme of the story should be the moral, emotional and psychological effects of the sin on people. 2.Scarlet Letter is a cultural allegory, in which the author indirectly tells the future of Puritanism.3.Scarlet Letter is a sample in which American Romanticism adapted itself to American Puritanism.(Because of the strong influence of Puritanism in American society, Hawthorne only expressed his ideas on the sin indirectly by employing symbolism.) Symbolism in the novel Moby Dick A. the voyage itself is a metaphor for “search and discovery, the search for the ultimate truth of experience.” B. the Pequod is the ship of the American soul and consciousness. C. Moby Dick is a symbol of evil to some, of goodness to others, and of both to still others. D. The whiteness of Moby Dick is a paradoxical color, signifying death and corruption as well as purity, innocence and youth; it represents the final mystery of the universe. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Setting: unpopulated wildness an a dense forest along Mississippi River Characters:1.Ignorant uneducated black slave Jim2.Uneducated outcast white boy Huck Finn。Theme: Huck’s inner waving struggle between what he was taught and what he thought out of good-heart and humanity.Its Features：1.Profound portrait of Huckleberry Finn 2.Magic power with language, the use of vernacular. 3. Humor In a Station of the Metro1 by Ezra Pound The apparition of these faces in the crowd: Petals on a wet, black bough. Note: 1。a Paris subway station Analysis of this poem The poem’s form is similar to Japanese haiku, with considering its title as a verse-line. The word “apparition” has double meaning:1. “appearance”, something which can be clearly observed;2. something which seems real but perhaps is not real; something ghostly which cannot be clearly observed. Petals may refer to the faces in the crowd, while bough may refer to the railway in the Metro.

《英美文学选读》模拟试题(1)答案

《英美文学选读》模拟试题（一） 一、单项选择题 1.The excerpt from Chapter 10 of Sons and Lovers ends with the conflict between Paul and his mother. The conflict is possibly caused by Paul and his mother’s different views towards _____. A. Paul’s father B. art C. life D. Paul’s brother 2.The _____ can be regarded as one of the themes of Joyce’s story “Araby”. A. loss of innocence 在所有有關童年故事中，孩子都是同叔叔同姨媽同住，父母則不在身邊—這便是一種象征，象征父母與孩子之間骨肉親情的隔絕和一種正常關系的缺 失. B. childish love C. awareness of harsh life D. false sentimentality 錯誤的多愁善感 3.After reading “Araby”, one more feel the story has a _____ tone. A. joyous B. harsh C. solemn D. painful 4.In “Araby”, Joyce’s diction evokes a sort of _____ quality that characterizes the boy on this otherwise altogether ordinary shopping trip. A. religious B. moral C. sentimental D. vulgar 5.The major concern of _____ fiction lies in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. A. D. H. Lawrence’s B. J. Galsworthy’s C. W. Thackeray’s D. T. Hardy’s 6.The mission of _____ drama was to reveal the moral, political and economic truth

英美文学史及选读期末考试常用名词解释

1.Alliteration：Alliteration is the repetition of a speech sound in a sequence of nearby words. The term is usually applied only to consonants, and only when the recurrent sound begins a word or a stressed syllable within a word. In old English alliteration is the principle organizing device of the verse line. 2.Romance：Romance is a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventure of a noble hero. Romance was characteristic of the early feudal age, as it reflected the spirit of chivalry. The content of romance was usually about love, chivalry, and religion. 3.Soliloquy is a dramatic speech delivered by one character speaking aloud while under the impression of being alone. The soliloquist thus reveals his inner thoughts and feelings to the audience. It is also known as interior monologue. 4.sonnet: A sonnet is a short song in the original meaning of the word. Later it became a poem of 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter with various rhyming schemes. 5.Conceit--- a kind of metaphor that makes a comparison between two startling different things. A conceit may strike the readers weird at first glance, but proves appropriate in the end. 6.The name applied to an intellectual movement which developed in Western Europe during the seventeenth century and reached its height in the eighteenth. The common element was a trust in human reason as adequate to solve the crucial problems and to establish the essential norms in life, together with the belief that the application of reason was rapidly dissipating the remaining feudal traditions. It influenced lots of famous English writers especially those neoclassic writers, such as Alexander Pope, Samuel Johnson etc.. 7.Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries. It makes a transition from the medieval to the modern world. It started in Italy with the flowering of painting, sculpture and literature, and then spread to the rest of Europe. The term Renaissance means rebirth or revival. The Renaissance period was marked by a reawakening of interest in learning, in the individual and in the world of nature. The revival of learning led scholars back to the culture of Greece and Rome. The rebirth of interest in the individual gave rise to a new appreciation of beauty, to a desire for self-expression in varied activities and to the creation of art. The renewal of curiosity about the nature word ultimately drew men to discover new lands and new scientific truths.

【自考答案】英美文学选读试题

绝密★考试结束前 全国2014年4月高等教育自学考试 英美文学选读试题 课程代码：00604 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。全部题目用英文作答。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1．答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2．每小题选出答案后，用2 B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each) Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet. 1. Shakespeare has established his giant position in world literature with his ______ plays, 154 sonnets and 2 long poems.B A. 27 B. 38 C.47 D. 52 2. john Milton’s literary achievement can be divided into three groups: the early poetic works, the middle prose pamphlets and the last ______.C A. romances B. dramas C. great poems D. ballads 3. The novels of ______ are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower— class people.C A. John Milton B. Daniel Defoe C. Henry Fielding D. Jonathan Swift

英语专业 英美文学试卷及答案 期末

英美文学试卷A I. Mark the following statements as true (T) or false (F). (10 x 1’=10’) 1. ( ) Chaucer is the first English short-story teller and the founder of English poetry as well as the founder of English realism. His masterpiece The Canterbury tales contains 26 stories. 2. ( ) English Renaissance is an age of essay and drama. 3. ( ) The rise of the modern novel is closely related to the rise of the middle class and an urban life. 4. ( ) The French Revolution and the American War of Independence were two big influences that brought about the English Romantic Movement. 5. ( ) Charlotte’s novels are all about lonely and neglected young women with a fierce longing for life and love. Her novels are more or less based on her own experience and feelings and the life as she sees around. 6. ( ) The leading figures of the naturalism at the turn of 19th century are Thomas Hardy, John Galsworthy and Bernard Shaw. 7. ( ) Emily Dickinson is remembered as the “All American Writer”. 8. ( )The Civil War divides the American literature into romantic literature and realist literature. 9. ( ) Mark Twain is the first American writer to discover an American language and American consciousness. 10. ( ) In the decade of the 1910s, American literature achieved a new diversity and reached its greatest heights. II. Fill in the blanks. (20 x 1’=20’)

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《英美文学选读》期末考试练习 一、搭配题 二、判断题 1.( F ) Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, and Antony and Cleopatra are Shakespeare’s greatest tragedies. 2.(T ) The Elizabethan Drama is the real mainstream of the English Renaissance. 3.( T) Paradise Lost is a long epic divided into 12 books. 4.( F) Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Colonel Jack, and A Journal of the Plague Year are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. 5.( T) Jonathan Swift defined a good style as “proper words in proper places.” 6.( T ) Henry Fielding has been regarded by some as “Father of the English Novel.” 7.( F) William Blake, William Wordsworth, and Samuel Taylor Coleridge are regarded as the “Lake Poets.” 8.( T ) The British Romantic period is an age of prose. 9.( T ) The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is love and marriage. 10.( T ) The Victoria period has been generally regarded as one of the most glorious in the English history. 11.( F ) Far from the Madding Crowd is Thomas Hardy’s first novel. 12.( T ) Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. 13.( T ) The major themes of the modernist literature are the distorted, alienated and ill relationships between man and nature, man and society, man and man, and man and himself. 14.( T) The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats’s matured poetry marked rise of “modern poetry.” 15.( T ) Shaw’s plays have one passion, and one only, that is, indignation. 16.( F) Romeo and Juliet is one of Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies. 17.( T ) The first period of the English Renaissance was one of imitation and assimilation. 18.( T ) Paradise Lost is John Milton’s masterpiece. 19.( F ) Captain Singleton, Moll Flanders, Colonel Jack, and A Journal of the Plague Year are the first literary works devoted to the study of problems of the lower-class people. 20.( T ) In Jonathan Swift’s opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed. 21.( T) Henry Fielding was the first to write specifically a “comic in prose.”

《英美文学选读》模拟试题(2)答案

《英美文学选读》模拟试题（二） 一、单项选择题 1.D. Father and son in the medieval period, it is Chaucer alone who, for the first time in English literature, presented to us a comprehensive _____ picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of valid _________ from all walks of life in his masterpiece “the Canterbury Tales”. A. visionary/women B. romantic/men C. realistic/characters D. natural/figures 2.Humanism sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the antique authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was based on the conception that man is the _____ of all things. A. measure B. king C. lover D. rule 3.Many people today tend to regard the play “The Merchant of Venice” as a satire of the hypocrisy of ___________ and their false standards of friendship and love, their cunning ways of pursuing worldliness and their unreasoning prejudice against _____. A. Christians/Jews B. Jews/Christians C. oppressors/oppressed D. people/Jews 傳統的理論認為該劇的主題是褒揚安東尼奧Antonio與巴塞尼奧Bassanio之間的友誼，贊美鮑西婭Portia的完美:美貌，智慧與堅貞，並揭露了Jews--Shylock的貪婪與殘忍 但是經曆了几個世紀對對Jews不會平的待遇,今天許多人將該劇的主題看作chritains的hypocrisy ,為追求世俗利益而不擇手段以及對Jews不公正的偏見 補充閱讀 1) Bassanio——Portia 2) Antonio——Shylock The traditional theme of the play is to praise the friendship betweem Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of greate beaulity, wit and loyalty, and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality o f the Jew. Tody, many people tend to regard the play as a satire of the christians’ hypocrisy and their false standards of frindship and love, their cunning way of pursuing worldliness(俗心, 俗气) and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews.