定语从句讲解

一、定语从句概述

定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。

二关系词的用法。

关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分（主语、宾语、状语等）。

引导定语从句的关系代词有"at，who，whom，whose，which;关系副词有when，where，why等。关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表

第十九章定语从句 关系副词在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。 (1) when 的用法 when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常为time, day ，morning ，night ，week ,year 等表M 时间的名词。 I ’ll never forget the day when I won the prize.我永远不会忘记我获奖的那天。Do you remember the year when she went abroad?你记得她出国的那一年吗？I still remember the time when I travelled by plane.我仍然记得坐飞机旅行的那个时候。 (2) "where 的用法 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的先行词通常有village ，room ，building ，town ，country 等表地点的名词。

This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.这就是我去年待过的山村。Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily.把书放在你容易找到的地方。The building where we are working was built five years ago.我们的办公大楼是五年前修的。 (3) "why 的用法

why 指原因或理由，在定语从句中作原因状语，它的先行词通常为reason 。 Tell me the reason why she was late.请告诉我她迟到的原因。

I don ’t want to listen to any reason why you were absent.我不想听任何你缺席的理由。三定语从句的注意事项。

1. 用that 不用which 的情况

that 和which 都可指物，在定语从句中又都可作主语或宾语。通常情况下，二者可互换使用，但有时that 和which 却不宜互换。

(1)当先行词是不定代词all ，little ，few ，much ，something ，anything ，everything, nothing ，none ，some 等时 He did everything that he could to help us.他做了一切能做的事来帮助我们。In this factory I found little that was different from ours.在这家工厂，我们发现很少和我们工厂不同的地方。

(2).先行词被alll ，every ，no ，some ，any ，little ，much ，the only ，the very ，theright ，the last, just 等词修饰时All the things that we can do are to give you some advice.我们能做的就是给你提供一些建议！This is the very book that I want.这正是我想要的那本书。

Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。 (3) 先行词前有席数词或形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身就是席数词或形容词最高级时The first thing that we should do now is to find a local guide.我们现在要做的第一件事就是找一个当地的向导。

When people talk aboutHangzhou, thefirstthatcomes into mind is theWest Lake.人们谈及杭州时，首先跃入脑海的就是西湖。

(4)当先行词既有人又有物时:He was watching the children and parcels that filled with the car.他望着满车的孩子和包裹。

She described in her composition the people and places that interested her most 她在作文中描述了最让她感兴趣的一些人和地方。

(5)当主句是以或"which 开头的特殊疑问句时 Who is the person that is standing at the gate?站在门口的那个人是谁？ Which of usthatknowssomethingaboutphysics cannot join electricwires?我们中间懂物理的有谁不会接电线？

2. 用which 不用that 的情况

(1) 关系代词前有介词且指事物时The house in which I used to live has become a clothes shop.我过去住的房子现在变成了一家服装店。The pen with which you are writing is Jeff ’s.你正用来写字的那支笔是杰夫的。

(2) 先行词本身就是that 时"W hat ’s that which flashed in the sky just now?刚才天空中一闪而过的是什么东西？

I don ’t like that which he did.我不喜欢他做的那件事。

3. 用who 不用that 的情况

第十九章定语从句 (1)先行词是指人的不定代词时:先行词如果是指人的不定代词或指示代词，如one ，anyone ，everyone ，no one,all ，nobody ，anybody ，none,those 等不宜用that 。 Congratulations to ourwinners andthanks toeveryonewho entered t he

competition 向我们的获胜者祝贺，也感谢参与比赛的每个人。Those who have good manners will be respected.有良好礼节的人会受到人们的尊重。 (2)当先行词指人并含有较长的后置定语或在被分割的定语从句中时 The professor is c omingsoon whowillgive us a talk on how to learnEnglish.给我们作关于如何学英语讲座的教授快要来了。The boy was crying hard who lost his way while looking for his mother.找妈妈时迷了路的那个小男孩正哭得厉害。 3. 定语从句中的主谓一致 一般来讲,定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致.定语从句前是“one of+可数名词复数”，从句的谓语动词用复数形式;是“the only one of+可数名词复数”, 定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。 I am not one who is afraid of difficulty.我是个不怕困难的人。 Anyone who has questions to ask ，please come to my office this afternoon. 有问题要问的人，请今天下午到我办公室来。 That is one of the most expensive dictionaries that have come out in recent years.那本词典是近几年来所出版的最贵的词典之一。 He is the only one of those workers who o able to do this job.他是那些工人中唯一能做此项工作的人。 4. 定语从句中的时态:定语从句中的时态一般不受主句影响，主要根据具体的语境和意义而定。 The professor who visited our school yesterday is from Canada.昨天参观我们学校的教授来自加拿大。The professor who is visiting our school now is from Canada.现在正在参观我们学校的教授来自加拿大。The professor who will visit our school tomorrow is from Canada.明天要来参观我们学校的教授来自加拿大。

5. 先行词是way 的定语从句 当先行词是表示“方式，方法”意义的way 时，定语从句用that 或in which 引导，that 和in which 可以省略。I don ’t like the way (that/in which) he speaks to his mother.我不喜欢他跟他母亲讲话的方式。

第十九章定语从句4

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（2）which, that 代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词 This is the family which / that is planning to move to the city. 这是正计划要搬进城里的一家。 The book which / that I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy. 我正读的这本书是由托马斯·哈迪写的。 （3）whose用来指人或物（在从句中只能作定语，若指物，可以和of which互换） They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 2、关系代词的特殊用法 （1）关系代词指物时, 用that而不用which的情况: 1）先行词为something, anything, nothing, everything以及all, much, little, a lot, none, few 等不定代词时。 e. g. My mother was so proud of all that I did. 辨析：My mother was so proud of what I did. （all that = what） 2）先行词有the last, the very, the only等修饰时。 e. g. This is the very book that I’m looking for. 3）先行词为序数词、形容词最高级(或所修饰)时。 e. g. This is the most exciting film that I’ve ever seen. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to their mind is the West Lake. 4）先行词既有人又有物时, 只能用that。 e. g. Do you remember the book and its author that appeared on TV last Sunday. 5）There be 后面的定语从句多用that引导, 不用which。 e. g. There’s a seat in the corner that is still free. 6）句子前面出现了who, which 时, 后面的定语从句用that引导。 e. g. They built a factory which made some new products that had never been seen before. 7）关系代词在定语从句作表语时, 常用that, 而不用which、who。 e. g. My home town is not the small village that it was 10 years ago. Tom isn’t the man that he used to be.

初中英语定语从句的用法解析

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