国际商务英语课文

Lesson 1 International Business

（国际商务）

★International business refers to transaction between parties（当事人、参与者）from different countries.Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas（关税区）of the same country is also regarded as import and export, such as business between Hong Kong and Taiwan.

International business involves more factors and thus is more

complicated than domestic business. The followings(下列各项) are some major differences between the two:

★1. The countries involved often have different legal systems （不同的法律体系）, and one or more parties will have to adjust themselves to operate in compliance with（遵照、遵从）the foreign law.

2. Different countries usually

to decide which currency to use and do everything necessary as regards（关于）conversion（兑换）etc. Uncertainties and even risks are often involved in the use of a foreign currency.

3. Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc. often constitute challenges and even traps for people engaged in international business.

4. Countries vary in

and economic conditions and may have different policies towards foreign trade and investment, making international business more complex than domestic business.

With the development of economic globalization（经济全球化）, few people or companies can completely stay away from （置身于外）international business. Some knowledge in this respect（方面）is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and

personal advancement（个人进步）.

International business first took the form of commodity trade（商品贸易）, i.e.（即）exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale(消费或转售) in another. This form of trade is also referred to as（被称为）visible trade（有形贸易）. Later a different kind of trade in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting

（咨询）, information（信息业）etc. gradually became more and more important. This type of trade is called invisible trade（无形贸易）. Today, the contribution of service industries(服务业) of the developed countries constitutes over 60% of their gross domestic products（国内生产总值）and account for(占…) an increasing proportion of world trade.

★Another important form of international business is

supplying capital by residents of one country to another, known as

classified into two categories. The first kind of investments, foreign direct investments（外国直接投资）or FDI for short is made for returns（回报）through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country(东道国).The host country is a foreign country where the investor operates,

while the country where the headquarters of investor is located is called the home country（投资国）. The second kind of investment, portfolio investment（证券投资）, refers to purchases of foreign financial assets（金融资产）for a purpose other than controlling.Such financial assets may be stocks（股票）, bonds（债券）or certificate of deposit（大额存单）. Stocks are also called capital stocks or bonds（股本或股份）.★Bonds

are papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together with interest. The maturity period（到期时间）of a bond is at least one year, often longer, for example five, or even ten years. Certificates of deposit generally involve large amounts, say 25 thousand US dollars.

★Besides trade and investment, international licensing（国际许可）and

franchising（特许经营）are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market. In licensing, a firm leases（出租）the right to use its intellectual property（知识产权）to a firm in another country. Such intellectual property may be trademarks（商标）, brand names（品牌）, patents （专利）, copyrights（版权）or technology（技术）. Firms choose licensing is because they don’t have to make cash payment to start business, and can simply

receive income in the form of royalty（知识产权/专利使用费）. Besides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation(当地经营优势) without any obligation in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty （关税）and non-tariff barriers （非关税壁垒）on the part of the host country. However it is not advisable to use licensing agreement in countries with weak

intellectual property protection （知识产权保护）since the licensor（许可方）may have difficulty in enforcing licensing agreement（执行许可协议）. Franchising can be regarded as a special form of licensing. Under franchising, a firm, called the franchisee（特许使用方）, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser（特许授予方）who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos（公司标志）, and

operating techniques（经营技巧）for royalty（特许使用费）. In comparison with the relation between the licenser（许可授予方）and the licensee（许可使用方）, the franchiser has more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.

★The franchiser can develop internationally and gain access to useful information about the local market with little risk and cost, and the franchisee can easily get into a business with

established（已获认可的）products or services. Franchising is fairly popular especially in hotel and restaurant business. Other forms for participating in international business are management contract（管理合同）, contract manufacturing（生产合同）, and turnkey project （“交钥匙”工程）.

Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period

for a flat payment（固定费用）or a percentage of the relevant business volume(相关业务总价值). ★Sometimes bonuses（分红）based on profitability or sales growth are also specialized (注明) in management contracts. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical（切实可行的）choices

enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.

By contract manufacturing, a firm can concentrate on their strongest part in the value chain （价值链）, e. g. marketing, while contracting with foreign companies for the manufacture of their products. Such firms can reduce the amount of their resources devoted to manufacture and benefit from location advantages(当地优势) from

production in host counties. ★However, loss of control over the producing process may give rise to（产生）problems in respect of quality and time of delivery（交货期）.

For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion. Such projects are often large and

complex and take a long period to complete. Payment for a turnkey project may be made at a fixed total price or on a cost plus basis（在实际成本之外收取一定费用）. The latter way of payment shifts the burden of possible additional cost over the original budget onto the purchaser.

★BOT（建设、经营、移交）is a popular variant of the turnkey project where B stands for build, O for operate and T for transfer. For a BOT project, a

firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Needless to say, the contractor has to bear the financial and other risks that may occur in the period of operation.

《新编剑桥商务英语(初级)》(第二版)教案

《新编剑桥商务英语（初级）》 （第二版） 教案 教材：《新编剑桥商务英语(初级)》（第二版） Lan Wood, Cartin Lloyd-Jones, Anne Williams编著, 经济科学出版社， 2002年3月

《新编剑桥商务英语(初级)》课程单元教学设计一、教案头

二教学设计

第一次课设计梗概（2课时） （1）告知学生本课程的总体安排、教材的处理，上课的方式、明确学习目标——掌握商务公司运作,通过BEC初级考试.为了提高学生的积极性并使他们了解在平时的学习中应提高哪些能力，告诉学生现在用人单位对员工的要求，第一要有一定的专业素质，二是情商要高,即懂得如何交流,如何为人处事,所以，在教学中,主要采取活动教学,通过各种各样的活动,提高学生的自信心和交流能力。并给学生分享往届学生的就业经历和心得. （2）考核方式 第一次上课时主要告知学生每次课，每个活动环节都很重要，课程终结考核主要来自两个方面，一是整组的表现,即各个公司在各种课堂活动上的表现；二是个人的主动表现和提问表现.只要平时刻苦努力,积极主动，自然而然就能取得优秀的成绩。（3）进入正题 本次课的项目主要是介绍公司的职务分类,职能范畴，名片。 Listening 1: Listen to the tape to finish the exercise and discuss the business card.

●Discussion: Different positions and duties in a company. ●Listen 2: Find the different duties in a company. ●Game: Divide students into different groups to play a game in order to review the present simple. ●Reading: Know more about the different duties in a company. ●Vocabulary: Remember all the new words in this unit and finish the exercise in the book. ●Speaking: 1. Design a business card of everyone. 2. Set up a company, four students in one group. 详案 Unit 1 Part One Introduction and Job description I.Aims and Objectives: At the end of this session, the students should be able to: a.Know the general information about Cambridge BEC Preliminary, the useful study strategies for this course and the content of Pass Cambridge BEC Preliminary. b.Talk about jobs, practise listening for specific information and review the present simple. II.Session Outline 1.Greetings 2.Duties: 1) Warmer (books closed): T asks Ss the definition of business cards and how important business cards are to them and the people they are familiar 2) Listening 1: a. T introduces the Chamber of Commerce and gives more information if requested( it is an organization which operates on a local basis; it helps business by promoting the area; it offers business opportunities for its members through a variety of services and events) b. T focus Ss’ attention on the business cards and clarifies job vocabulary where necessary. Ss listen to six new Chamber of Commerce members speaking and number the business cards in the order in which the people speak. c. Check th e Ss’ answers and listen to the tape again to make sure everyone understands it.

描写人物性格,品质的英文单词

描写人物性格，品质的英文单词able 有才干的，能干的 active 主动的，活跃的 adaptable 适应性强的 aggressive 有进取心的 ambitious 有雄心壮志的 apprehensive 有理解力的 capable 有能力的 careful 办事仔细的 competent 能胜任的 confident 有信心的 considerate 体贴的 cooperative 有合作精神的 creative 富创造力的 devoted 有献身精神的 dependable 可靠的 disciplined 守纪律的 earnest 认真的 well-educated 受过良好教育的 efficient 有效率的 energetic 精力充沛的 enthusiastic 充满热情的 expressive 善于表达 faithful 守信的，忠诚的 forceful （性格）坚强的 frank 直率的，真诚的 friendly 友好的 generous 慷慨的 gentle 有礼貌的

hard-working 勤劳的honest 诚实的hospitable 殷勤的humorous 幽默的independent 有主见的intelligent 有智慧的inventive 有发明才能的kind-hearted 好心的knowledgeable 有见识的learned 精通某门学问的loyal 忠心耿耿的modest 谦虚的practical 实际的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的patient有耐心的rational 有理性的reasonable 讲道理的reliable 可信赖的responsible 负责的 self-conscious 自觉的selfless 无私的sincere 真诚的 smart 精明的straightforward 坦率的strict 严格的conservative保守的 self-important自以为是的tough 粗野的

商务英语词汇大全(BEC词汇打印版)

商务英语词汇大全abroad adv.在国外，出国，广泛流传 absence n.缺席，离开 absent adj.不在，不参与 absenteeism n.（经常性）旷工，旷职absorb v.吸收，减轻（困难等）作用或影响abstract n.摘要 access n.接近（或进入）的机会，享用权v.获得使用计算机数据库的权利 accommodation n.设施，住宿 account n.会计账目 accountancy n.会计工作 accountant n.会计 accounts n.往来账目 account for解释，说明 account executive n.（广告公司）客户经理accruals n.增值，应计 achieve v.获得或达到，实现，完成acknowledge v.承认，告知已收到（某物），承认某人 acquire v.获得，得到 acquisition n.收购，被收购的公司或股份acting adj.代理的 activity n.业务类型 actual adj.实在的，实际的，确实的 adapt v.修改，适应 adjust v.整理，使适应 administration实施，经营，行政administer v.管理，实施 adopt v.采纳，批准，挑选某人作候选人advertise v.公布，做广告 ad n.做广告，登广告 advertisement n.出公告，做广告advertising n.广告业 after-sales service n.售后服务agenda n.议事日程 agent n.代理人，经纪人 allocate v.分配，配给 amalgamation n.合并，重组 ambition n.强烈的欲望，野心amortize v.摊还 analyze v.分析，研究 analysis n.分析，分析结果的报告 analyst n.分析家，化验员 annual adj.每年的，按年度计算的 annual general meeting（AGM）股东年会anticipate v.期望 anticipated adj.期待的 appeal n.吸引力 apply v.申请，请求；应用，运用 applicant n.申请人 application n.申请，施用，实施appointee n.被任命人 appraisal n.估量，估价 appreciate v.赏识，体谅，增值appropriate v.拨出（款项） approve v.赞成，同意，批准 aptitude n.天资，才能 arbitrage n.套 arbitration n.仲裁 arrears n.欠账 assemble v.收集，集合 assembly line n.装配线，流水作业线assess v.评定，估价 asset n.资产 current asset n.流动资产 fixed asset n.固定资产 frozen asset n.冻结资产 intangible assets n.无形资产 liquid assets n.速动资产 tangible assets n.有形资产 assist v.援助，协助，出席 audit n.查账，审计 automate v.使某事物自动操作 average n.平均，平均水准 awareness n.意识；警觉 backing n.财务支持，赞助 backhander n.贿赂 backlog n.积压（工作或订货） bad debt死账（无法收回的欠款）balance n.收支差额，余额 balance of payments n.贸易支付差额balance sheet n.资产负债表

character 描写人物性格的词汇汇总

optimistic乐观 independent独立的 out-going外向的 active 活泼的 able 有才干的，能干的；adaptable 适应性强的 active 主动的，活跃的；aggressive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的；amiable 和蔼可亲的 amicable 友好的； analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的；aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的；capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理仔细的； candid 正直的 competent 能胜任的；constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的；creative 富创造力的 dedicated 有奉献精神的；dependable 可靠的 diplomatic 老练的，有策略的；disciplined 守纪律的 dutiful 尽职的； well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的； energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表达； faithful 守信的，忠诚的 frank 直率的，真诚的；generous 宽宏大量的 genteel 有教养的； gentle 有礼貌的 humorous 有幽默； impartial 公正的 independent 有主见的；industrious 勤奋的 ingenious 有独创性的；motivated 目的明确的 intelligent 理解力强的；learned 精通某门学问的 logical 条理分明的；methodical 有方法的 modest 谦虚的； objective 客观的 precise 一丝不苟的； punctual 严守时刻的 realistic 实事求是的；responsible 负责的 sensible 明白事理的； porting 光明正大的 steady 踏实的； systematic 有系统的purposeful 意志坚强的； sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的； tireless 孜孜不倦的Personality 性格 able 有才干的，能干的 active 主动的，活跃的adaptable 适应性强的 adroit 灵巧的，机敏的aggressive 有进取心的 alert 机灵的 ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的 amicable 友好的 analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的argumentative 好争辩的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的attractive 有魅力的 audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的magnanimous 宽宏大量vivacious 活泼 frugal 俭朴的 genteel 有教养的 hospitable 殷勤的 ingenious 有独创性的 liberal 心胸宽大的 narrow-minded 心胸狭窄的obedient 听话孝顺的

(完整版)商务英语词汇大全

商务英语词汇大全（一） economist 经济学家 socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济 rural economics 农村经济 liberal economy 经济 mixed economy 混合经济 political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义 autarchy 闭关自守 primary sector 初级成分 private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策 economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定 concentration 集中 holding company 控股公司 trust 托拉斯 cartel 卡特尔 rate of growth 增长 economic trend 经济趋势 economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设 standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺 stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的 initial capital 创办资本 frozen capital 冻结资金 frozen assets 冻结资产 fixed assets 固定资产 real estate 不动产,房地产

新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文

新编国际商务英语阅读教程译文 第一单元国际贸易理论 重商主义 世界上第一个国际贸易理论——重商主义，产生于16世纪中期。重商主义宣 称金银是一国财富的支柱，是繁荣商业所不可或缺的。当时，金银是国家间的贸易 货币，出口国赚取金银，同样从他国进口货物，导致金银的外流。重商主义认为出 口大于进口从而保持贸易顺差是一国的根本利益。这样，一国积累金银，最终使国 家财富增加，国家地位得以提升。正如1930年，英国重商主义学者托马斯?孟所说: 增加一国财富的最普遍的做法是对外贸易，而且我们必须遵守这样的规则:每 年出口产品的价值要大于进口产品的价值。 遵循这一说法，重商主义提倡政府干涉，以确保贸易顺差。重商主义认为大量 的贸易额并没有什么益处。他们建议颁布政策以扩大出口，限制进口。具体做法可 以是对进口施加关税和对配额进行限制，对出口则给予补贴。 1752年古典经济学 家大卫?休谟指出了重商主义学说的缺陷。据休谟所说，如果英国对法国贸易顺差(即出口大于进口)，相应的金银的流入会导致英国国内货币供应充足，从而产生通 货膨胀。而法国会因为金银的外流产生相反的效应——通货紧缩，价格降低。英法 之间相对价格的变化将促使法国的进口商购买的英国货物数量减少(因为英国货物 变得昂贵)，英国的进口商将购买更多法国的货物(因为法国货物价格降低)。结 果，英国贸易收支状况不断恶化，法国贸易收支逐步得到改善，这种情况一直持续 到英国的顺差被抵消。因此，休谟认为，长期来看，没有国家能够如重商主义者所 想象的那样保持贸易顺差。 除了休谟指出的缺陷之外，重商主义的另一缺限在于其视国际贸易为零和博弈(零和博弈是指一国得益必导致另一国受损)。亚当?斯密和大卫?李嘉图指出了重商

表示人物的常见英语单词集锦

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