语篇视角下英语高考“七选五”阅读理解试题研究与实战训练 样张20200201

语篇视角下英语高考“七选五”阅读理解

试题研究与实战训练

第一部分试题研究与解题指导

【试题研究】

2015~2017 年英语高考全国卷“七选五”阅读理解试题分析

阅读理解是英语高考的一个重要组成部分，为了让广大师生对“七选五”阅读

理解这一题型有更加深入地认识，本文对近三年英语高考全国卷“七选五”阅读理

解试题进行全面深入地分析。本解析包括四部分，第一部分是考纲解读，全面解析阅读理解考查要求；第二部分是近三年高考“七选五”阅读理解命题分析，通过对近三年高考阅读理解试题统计分析揭示其命题规律，对未来考查趋势作以预测；第三部分是说明文体和记叙文体在近三年“七选五”阅读理解中的考查情况分析；第四部分是各类文体的文本特征和阅读解题技巧，对各类文体的结构特点作以分析，针对不同文体提出相应的阅读与解题技巧，并指出答题误区。

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二、三年高考“七选五”阅读理解命题解析

为了让广大考生对近三年阅读理解试题有一个比较全面地了解，本部分对第第二节的“七选五”阅读理解从主题语境、语篇类型、阅读总量、选项设置等几个方面以表格的形式作以统计，在统计的基础上分析其基本命题规律和命题变化趋势。

1.“七选五”阅读理解试题命题特征统计

2.命题基本规律

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【注：本文系作者为2018 年《试题调研》阅读专辑（第4 辑）所撰写并发表的

特约稿件，有删改】

2018、2019 年英语高考全国卷“七选五”阅读理解试题分析

随着《普通高中英语课程标准（2017 版）》（以下简称新课标）的颁布，英语高考全国卷的命题依据新课标学业质量要求和高考命题建议在逐渐地发生变化，由对学生综合语言运用能力的考查升级为对学生英语学科核心素养的全面考查。“七选五”阅读理解作为阅读理解试题中区分度比较大的试题类型，也在继承中发展与创新，越来越注重考查学生理解语篇上下文逻辑关系的能力。为了让广大师生对新课标颁布以来两年的六套英语高考全国卷中的“七选五”阅读理解试题有一个全面了解，本文通过对试题统计分析以概括出这六份试题的特点和考查趋势，同时也提出对教学的启示和建议，以便广大师生能攻克高考英语“七选五” 阅读理解这一难关。

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【解题指导1】

把握说明文文体结构特征驾驭“七选五”阅读理解试题

——英语高考“七选五”阅读理解解题指导

“七选五”阅读理解试题是自2010 年起英语高考新课标卷开始使用的一种阅

读理解新题型，这个题型位于阅读理解第二节中，其题目要求为：根据短文内容，

从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。该部分共设5 个小题，每小题2 分，满分10 分，试题由一篇去掉五个句子（或短语）的短文和七个选项句（或短语）组成，要求考生根据短文的内容选出最佳选项填入空白处，旨在考查考生运用英语获取信息、处理信息和综合运用信息的能力。该题型不仅要求考生能够理解文章的内容，还要求考生能够从段落和篇章上去把握文章的层次结构，更注重对语篇结构的考查。

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【解题指导2】

理清语篇脉络，巧解“七选五”阅读理解试题

2016 年起，英语高考全国卷三份试题均采用了“七选五”阅读理解这一题型，位于阅读理解第二节。该题型主要考查考生对语篇文本整体内容、结构、上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握，相对于第一节的阅读理解而言，该题型对考生的阅读理解能力要求更高，难度相对较大。本文将从考纲解读入手以明确“七选五”阅读理解试题的题型及对考生阅读能力的要求，通过统计分析2014 至2016 年全国卷“七选五”阅读理解试题揭示该题型的命题特征与命题变化趋势，然后提出该题型的解题方法和技巧，并对2016 年全国卷I “七选五”阅读理解真题进行解析，最后提出针对该题型的备考策略，以帮助广大学生全面了解和认识这一题型，掌握解题方法，提高解题技能。

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【注：此文系作者为2017 年《学英语》高三版所撰写的特约稿件，2017 年 1 月17 日发表于第29 期（总15494 期），有修改】

【解题指导3】

英语高考全国卷“七选五”阅读理解解题指导（2018）

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三、“七选五”阅读理解解题方法与步骤

1.解题方法

（1）利用语篇文本结构解题。理清说明文语篇文本结构是解答高考“七选五” 阅读理解试题的关键所在，说明文语篇通常采用总分（总）式结构，所以解题时

首先要在首段中找到语篇所要说明的对象和篇章主旨是什么，然后再去看其它段落

首句，如果每段首句恰好是该段的主题句（说明文中阐明每段主旨的句子通常位于段首），就能理清语篇文本的基本结构。例如：2016 年全国卷I“七选五”阅读理

解材料第一段从“密码的应用”引入话题，第二段从“编码和解码”再到“密码学的

概念”切入到文章的主题——密码学，这两段应该是总体说明部分，接下来的三、四、五段用举例的方式说明了三种类型密码的编码和解码，三至五段是文章的分别

说明部分。理清语篇的文本结构，便能进一步把握语篇的内在逻辑关系。弄清本文三、四段之间的关系就能轻易地判断出第38 题应选G 选项来说明第二种类型密码的

编码，起到连贯衔接作用。

（2）利用篇章标题、小标题、项目符、序号和突出的字体等信息解题。有

些命题材料设置了标题和小标题，有时文中还包含有项目符、序号或突出的字体

等信息，在解题时要充分利用这些信息。这些信息有助于理清语篇文本结构、文章

主旨和段落主旨。如在2017 年全国卷III 中，看到四个项目符就知道语篇采用了“总分”式结构，每个项目符后的祈使句就是段落的主旨，段落其它部分对主旨句

进行诠释和展开说明，阅读主旨句就理清了语篇基本结构。

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【注：此文系作者为2018 年《学英语》高三版撰写的特约稿件，2018 年 1 月16 日发表于第29 期（总16254 期），有修改】

第二部分分类实战训练

记叙文类

记叙文文本结构与解题关键

【文本结构】

高考题中所选的记叙文通常以记人、叙事为主，以人物的经历和事物发展变

化为主要内容。记叙文包含时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素，常用的

记叙顺序有顺叙、倒叙、插叙、补叙和分叙，表达方式有叙述、描写、议论、说明

和抒情。

【解题关键】

记叙文的阅读一要抓住时间、地点、人物、起因、经过和结果六要素，二要弄清记叙的顺序，三要把握好人物的情感和态度。如果记叙中所涉及的人物较多，还要

弄清人物之间的关系。在阅读解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中所提到的多个时间、地点、人物，理清起因、经过和结果；然后

阅读选项，弄清事情的起因、经过和结果，根据故事发展的线索、事物的先后顺序、指代关系、同词重现等下上文信息确定答案。

实战训练1——记叙文题组

试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Passage 1

话题：生活经历词数：289 words 难度指数：★☆☆☆☆

Michael’s birthday was coming soon, so he asked his dad for a bicycle so that he

would not need to walk to school anymore. 36 Michael got a book instead but he did not complain.

One bright and sunny day while Michael was walking past a convenience store

on his way to school, he saw a big boy on a bike. The bike was too small for the boy.

37

The boy was a prefect in Michael’s school. Michael recognized him. The boy’s name was William. William seemed to have broken his leg. Michael picked up William’s bike which was not damaged and rode to the nearby hospital to get help.

38 Michael rode William’s bike to school so he would not be late for class.

After school, Michael quickly rode the bicycle to William’s house with a book and a jigsaw puzzle (七巧板) for William. 39 He could stay at home for a rest after his leg was put in a cast (给……做石膏固定).

To Michael’s surprise, William was getting a new bike on his birthday in two months’ time and Michael could have William’s old bike. Michael was overjoyed.

40 Michael visited William every day till William’s leg was healed (痊愈).

A.Luckily, William was not too seriously hurt.

B.Michael found it amusing and couldn’t help laughing.

C.From then on, Michael and William became good friends.

D.William gave his bike to Michael to show his thanks to Michael.

E.However, Michael’s dad had lost his job and did not have much money.

F.As the boy was turning around a corner, the bike crashed into a lamp-post.

G.A few minutes later, an ambulance came and brought William to the hospital.

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说明文类

典型结构说明文文本结构与解题关键

【文本结构】

典型结构说明文常用总分（总）式文本结构，由总体说明、分别说明和总结三部分构成，这类说明文语篇多以方法、技巧、建议为其内容，说明如何做事。文章的首段往往做出总体说明，在引入文章的主题后明确说明的维度（或角度），……

【解题关键】

理清语篇文本结构、说明方法和逻辑关系是解答典型结构说明文类“七选五”

阅读理解试题的关键。在解题时，……

实战训练2——典型结构说明文题组 1

试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Passage 1

话题：成功法则词数：297 words 难度指数：★★☆☆☆

Success comes with hard work. To succeed you must have the desire and the determination. Not all people will be successful in life, but success can be achieved. Here are some tips to succeed.

First, you must believe in yourself and your ability to succeed. 36 In everything you do you should have a high level of self-confidence.

Work hard and be disciplined. Success does not come overnight; you must work hard for it and be disciplined (守纪律的). 37 It won’t be easy to be successful, but it can be done.

38 It is important to remember that even as you work hard you should take some time to have fun. There is time for everything; set a time to have fun and never neglect your family and friends. It is also important to remember that you should get the work done first, and then have fun.

Take time to educate yourself and become qualified. 39 In this global economy, those wishing to succeed must have the necessary tools to be successful, and that includes having an education.

Do not let the past define who you are; you define who you

are. 40 Everyone can be successful in certain field and it has nothing to do

with your past or what kind of family you come from.

实战训练3——典型结构说明文题组 2

试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Passage 1

话题：心理健康词数：235 words 难度指数：★★☆☆☆

Evidence suggests there are five steps we can all take to improve our mental wellbeing. If you approach them with an open mind and try them, you can judge the results yourself.

?Connect. Connect with the people around you: your family, friends, colleagues and neighbors. 36

?37 You don’t have to go to the gym. Take a walk, go cycling or play a game of football. Find the activity that you enjoy, and make it a part of your life. ?Keep learning. 38 So why not sign up for that cooking course, start learning to play a musical instrument, or figure out how to fix your bike?

?39 Even the smallest act can count, whether it’s a smile, a thank you or a kind word. Larger acts, such as volunteering at your local community centre, can improve your mental wellbeing and help you build new social networks.

?Take notice. Be more aware of the present moment, including your feelings and thoughts, your body and the world around you. 40 It can positively change the way you feel about life and how you approach challenges.

非典型结构说明文文本结构与解题关键

【文本结构】

非典型结构说明文的文本结构打破了常用的总分(总)式结构模式，会根据表达的需要作灵活的调整。有的说明文第一段先进行铺垫，第二段才切入主题，接下来的段落才展开说明；……

【解题关键】

理清语篇文本脉络和层次结构、寻找关键解题信息是解答非典型结构说明文

类“七选五”阅读理解试题的关键。……

实战训练4——非典型结构说明文题组 1

试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Passage 1

话题：休闲的重要性词数：283 words 难度指数：★★★☆☆

There are many reasons why leisure is important. It’s true we all need to work and stretch our legs and arms. But just like exercise, relaxation and leisure time helps us a lot.

Get rid of tiredness and anxiety

In today’s hectic lifestyle, getting stressed seems unavoidable. Working can cause damage to our health physically and mentally as well. Very often people don’t stop at the office or factory. They often have to carry some workload at home.

36

When stress and anxiety come in, it can manifest ( 显现) itself as mental or physical tiredness. This can affect work performance as well as how a person interacts with friends or family. That is a reason why leisure is important. 37 Feeling refreshed, it becomes easier to deal with the issues at work or school.

38

Another benefit of relaxing is that it clears the mind. That is one reason why meditation is becoming ever more popular. When we don’t relax, we end up feeling stressed. 39 Anyone who has worked long hours will know the feeling.

The long hours spent at work weaken both the body and the mind.

40 The reason why leisure is important is that when the mental exhaustion or confusion comes in, it will help in relaxing the mind.

实战训练5——非典型结构说明文题组 2

试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

Passage 1

话题：啦啦队词数：313 words 难度指数：★★★☆☆

Cheerleading has a rich history in the United States. 36 Even professional sports teams have cheerleaders, so those who love to cheer can continue the sport into adulthood.

Organized cheering started at Princeton University in 1884, when the crowd created a cheer to inspire its team. In 1898, Tom Peebles became the first cheerleader when he led the crowd at the University of Minnesota. 37 In 1923, cheerleading expanded to include women.

Cheerleading has grown considerably since its origins. 38 In addition, every team in the NFL has a cheerleading squad (队), as well as the majority of NBA teams.

39 From 1982 to 2006, 45 major injuries occurred during high school cheerleading events, with two of those injuries leading to deaths. Of the 45 injuries, 14 of them led to permanent disabilities. During the same years, one female college student died, while an additional five ended up with a disability and 11 suffered serious injuries.

To help maintain safety in the sport, the American Association of Cheerleading Coaches and Administrators has made some rules that members must follow.

40 During a forward roll, the top person must begin in a non-inverted ( 非倒立) position and maintain hand-to-hand contact with two bases throughout. These moves must also include a spotter who can protect the top person’s head and neck in case of a fall.

含有半句选项类说明文文本结构与解题关键

【文本结构】

以往全国卷含有半句选项类的英语高考“七选五”阅读理解试题均以说明文

形式出现，只是考查选项的设置有所变化。……

【解题关键】

在解答此类“七选五”阅读理解题时，首先……

实战训练6——含有半句选项类说明文题组

试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选

项中有两项为多余选项。

话题：交友词数：271 words 难度指数：★★☆☆☆

Passage 1

If you don’t have many friends, it’s time you made some. Friendships can affect your life in many positive ways, including improving your mood, giving you a sense of purpose, encouraging you to make healthy lifestyle choices and giving you a support system for the good and bad times in your life. 36 , but by putting in some effort, you will improve your life greatly.

Accept social invitations. 37 , any social occasion gives you the opportunity to meet people you might enjoy talking to and spending time with.

Introduce yourself to your neighbors. 38 , you could make a friend just steps away. Knock on doors and introduce yourself; invite neighbors over for a glass of tea.

39 . This is a feel-good way to use your talents to benefit others, and an opportunity to meet other people with interests similar to yours. Serve at a local shelter, volunteer to walk dogs for an animal rescue center or read stories to kids at the city library.

Get out by yourself. 40 . Go to a museum or a local art gallery or a wine tasting event and be open to the possibility that you might meet someone there.

【文本结构】

议论文类

议论文文本结构与解题关键

议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。……【解题关键】

在阅读解题时，应该从内容和结构两方面同时入手，……

实战训练7——议论文题组

试题要求：根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Passage 1

话题：学习与工作词数：277 words 难度指数：★★★☆☆

Study First; Work Later

In my country, it is not so common for teenagers to work. 36 Therefore, most parents don’t allow their children to have a part-time job.

Some teenagers, however, want to work to help their parents pay tuition fees ( 学费). Some take part-time jobs after school because they want to become economically independent from their parents. 37

Most teens who work take part-time jobs working as salesmen or saleswomen in stores, baby sitting, selling newspapers, or tutoring ( 辅导) children.

38 Teachers complain that these students don’t prepare their homework well and do poorly on tests.

In my opinion, it is not a good idea for teenagers to work and study at the same time. They should study first in order to build a foundation of knowledge.

39 After all, teenagers should put study first.

40 For some teenagers, working is a way to be exposed to real life in society, and maybe they can learn a lot from working. That sounds good, but it’s too early for them to know for sure. Even if teenagers work, I think studying must come first.

第三部分高考真题演练

高考真题演练题组 1

Passage 1【2019 全国卷I】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?

We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air.”

36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.

37 If the air you’re breathing is clean-which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with life—giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles (肌肉) and your brain.

Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing ( 治愈). 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood ( 情绪). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.

40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give is beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.

A.Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B.So what are you waiting for?

C.Being in nature refreshes us.

D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?

F.Just as importantly, we tend to associate air with health care.

G.All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

Passage 2【2019 全国卷II】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两

项为多余选项。

……

高考真题演练题组 2

Passage 11【2017 全国卷I】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两

项为多余选项。

If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily. Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags. They had nothing in common with me. 36

……

高考真题演练题组 3

Passage 21【2015 全国卷II】

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 36 , buy the best-fitting, best-built running

……

第四部分答案与解析

实战训练1——记叙文题组答案与解析

Passage 1

Answers: 36-40 EFGAC

解析：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Michael 帮助William 并得到了他想要的自行车的故事。

36.E。后一句提到Michael 只得到了一本书而没有抱怨，从而可以推测出本句要说明Michael

没有得到自行车的原因，所以选E 选项。

37.F。由后一段中提到William 好像受伤了可以推测出William 在骑自行车时撞上了灯柱，所以选F 选项。

38.G。前一句提到Michael 骑着William 的自行车去了附近的医院，可以推断出他为William 叫来了救护车，所以选G 选项。

39.A。下句中提到William 在做完石膏固定后可以在家休息，由此可知他的伤势并不严重，所以选A 选项。

40.C。Michael 帮助William 并得到了他的自行车，他们成了好朋友，Michael 还每天去看望William，所以选C 选项。

原文链接：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/8a9091314.html,/png/bicycle.htm

实战训练2——典型结构说明文题组 1 答案与解析

Passage 1

Answers: 36-40 DEACG

解析：本文是一篇说明文，介绍了如何做一个成功的人。

36.D。本句是对上一句的进一步说明，在这里起到承上启下的作用，所以选D 选项。

37.E。本句中的“two”指代前面提到的“work hard”和“be disciplined”，所以选E 选项。

38.A。本段主要说明了要处理好工作、娱乐、家庭和朋友之间的关系，也就是说要让生活和谐、平衡，所以选A 选项。

39.C。本句承接前一句“抽时间让自己受教育”，进一步说明了不要认为自己在工作方面已经学到很多，所以选C 选项。

40.G。根据上下文可知此处要表达的意思是：不管你的背景如何，你都可以突破障碍取得成功，所以选G 选项。

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高考英语阅读理解三篇

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