2012年全国公共英语三级模拟试题与答案_(2)

26. [A] at [B] by [C] in [D] on

27. [A] no [B] not [C] some [D] any

28. [A] install [B] happen [C] appear [D] show

29. [A] difficulty [B] trouble [C] case [D] problem

30. [A] as [B] like [C] same [D] similar

31. [A] taken [B] considered [C] defined [D] thought

32. [A] must [B] might [C] may [D] will

33. [A] resolving [B] issuing [C] setting [D] finishing

34. [A] in [B] for [C] as [D] at

35. [A] having [B] playing [C] also [D] making

36. [A] arguing [B] promising [C] taking [D] advising

37. [A] and [B] or [C] stating [D] but

38. [A] Unless [B] If [C] While [D] Though

39. [A] make [B] possess [C] get [D] assume

40. [A] After [B] Before [C] If [D] While

41. [A] differently [B] accordingly [C] directly [D] consistently

42. [A] hot [B] cold [C] good [D] bad

43. [A] for [B] with [C] against [D] between

44. [A] solution [B] result [C] key [D] answer

45. [A] yes [B] not [C] no [D] all

46. The writer wants us to understand that a child___

[A] has to be taught how to play

[B] likes a toy

[C] matures through play

[D] can grow up with toys

47. Toys have several functions except___

[A] helping children to play

[B] urging children to play

[C] recommending ways for children to play

[D] asking children to play

48. The passage tells us that children are the most curious when they are about___

[A] four years old

[B] six years old

[C] one year old

[D] two years old

49. The passage is about___

[A] the importance of education

[B] the importance of play

[C] the children’s speech development

[D] the relationship between play and study

50. Which of the following does the author NOT express?

[A] The function of toys is to inspire play.

[B] Good toys are very important to the children’s growth.

[C] Toys should be chosen according to childre n’s ages.

[D] Toys are still the main source of learning for a student.

51. Now a nation’s political influence depends on___

[A] the strength of its military forces

[B] its ability to compete in industry

[C] economic markets

[D] both A and B

52. The Soviet Union was not being listed as a third-world nation just because of___

[A] it’s powerful military forces

[B] it’s vast land

[C] it’s industrial competitiveness

[D] it’s contributions to world peace

53. The author indicates that___is threatening American political power.

[A] other countries

[B] the declining U.S. industrial base

[C] a new standard for measuring power

[D] less advanced technology

54. America succeeded in shaping world events over the past 40 years probably because of___

[A] it’s ability .to adapt technology

[B] it’s ability to take advantage of the capabilities of its people

[C] it’s ability to compete in the world markets

[D] both A and B

55. The purpose of writing this article is___

[A] to draw the reade rs’ attention to a new standard for measuring power

[B] to demonstrate America political influence in the world

[C] to emphasize that effort must be made to strengthen the declining U. S, industrial base

[D] to show American industrial prowess

56. This passage is mainly concerned with___

[A] people's growing interest in natural foods

[B] natural food and healthy diet

[C] the importance of fibre in foods

[D]harrnful effects of sugar

57. The passage tells us that___

[A] sugar is bad for the health

[B] the use of sugar is habit forming

[C] people need sugar to give them energy

[D] sugar provides us with nothing useful

58. Which of the following is a reason for people’s growing interest in natural foods?

[A] They want to return to nature.

[B] They want to eat all kinds of foods.

[C] Natural foods are very delicious.

[D] They are more health conscious.

59. Food that is rich in organic matter___

[A] has been nourished by fertilizers

[B] contains vegetable matter that has not been consumed

[C] has had chemicals and fertilizer added to it

[D] contains large quantifies of vitamins

60. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

[A] Chickens are fed on food which is little better than garbage.

[B] Chickens live in very crowded condition.

[C] The eggs chickens produce lack vitamins.

[D] Chickens are free to move about.

如今人工智能的发展十分迅速，到本世纪中期就会出现价格便宜，体积比便携式打字机还小的计算机。它可以帮助我们更迅速、更高效地解决任何问题。就像人的智力一样，机器中的“智力”可以理解为一种迅速解决复杂问题的能力。这可以包括进行医学分析并做出诊断，解决法律问题——简而言之，就是完全取代律师的工作——或者模拟战斗部署，换言之，就是分析政府该不该参战。尽管计算机已经在加速武器的绝迹，但它们在未来更有益的用途还在于阻止战事的发生。如果使用计算机估计一下获胜的概率，它分析事实所采用的方法与那些充满乐观精神和战争热情的军事专家会截然不同。

把同样的数据输入到不具感情的机器中以后，计算机会把每组数据与客观目标相衡量，然后在数据之间进行比较，其结果常常与人脑做出的决定截然不同：“如果开战的话，你一定会打败仗。”

26.B【解析】“by+时间”表示在某个时间之前，是一个时间段内;“at the end of+时间”表示在某个时间，是一个时间点;无D搭配。

27.A【解析】“no+形容词比较级”表示“不比…更”;“not”一般不与形容词搭配作定语。

28.C 【解析】此题考查对上下文的理解。我们可以了解是关于电脑的出现。install“装”;happen“发生”;show“显示”，都不及appear"“出现，贴切。

29.D【解析】此题是习惯性搭配，solve后一般接problem，意为“解决问题”。

30.A【解析】用“as+介宾.”构成句子的补语，意为“像…一样”，起补充说明作用。

31.C【解析】此题考查对上下文的判断，可推出此处是给机器的intelligence下定义，正是define一词的含义。

32.C【解析】此处考查情态动词的用法。must不合原意B、D时态不符，只有may合适。

33.A【解析】此处由下句的“replacin9”可知选A，与下句同属并列结构。

34.A【解析】in short简而言之，为固定搭配;for short简称;选项CD均不可与short直接搭配。.

35.D 【解析】联系上下文，此处的意思是“制作战争游戏”。

36.B【解析】此题考查对上下文的理解。战争是严肃的，参不参战得有确凿的依据。promise意为“确保，允诺”，比advise“建议”更为贴切，选项A、C则显然不对。

37.B【解析】此题考查固定搭配，“whether or not”，意为“是否”。

38.D 【解析】联系上下文，此处应表示转折的意思，而只有选项D合适。

39.D【解析】此题考查习惯性搭配，“assume the role”意为“担任角色”。

40.C【解析】此题考查if引导的条件状语从句，原句也可以转换为“If the computer is asked to estimate the chances of victory…”。

41.A【解析】文中讲到电脑与人处理问题的方式不同，A项最符合题意。

42.B【解析】此题考查对上下文的判断能力，文中强调电脑办事客观.由第二段第一句话中“emotionless”可推知。

43.B【解析】此题考查习惯性搭配。“judge With sth.”意为“相互比较得出结论”。

44.B【解析】电脑经过反复考查之后应得出结果。solution解决方法;key关键;answer答案，均不符合文意。

45.B【解析】此题考查固定搭配。电脑常常与人脑做出的决定相反。more often than not 意为“往往”。

第三部分阅读理解

Part A Text l

玩耍是童年时代的主要活动。近几年越来越多的研究表明，玩耍在人类的成长中起着极其重要的作用。从婴儿时期，每个孩子都需要有机会和有合适的物品来玩耍。玩耍的主要工具是玩具。它们的主-t-功能是提示、鼓励和帮助孩子们玩耍。为了达到这一目的，它们必须是好的玩具，孩子们会经常玩这些玩具，而且可以经常反复地玩它。所以在孩子的不同发展阶段，选择适当的玩具是很重要的。

近几年针对婴儿成长的研究已经表明，在孩子继承父母遗传的能力的范围内，能达到的智力水平很大程度上取决于他生命中的最初3年。婴儿可以通过玩合适的玩具培养一定的能力，这一点是不能低估的。鼓

励、刺激婴儿，和婴儿说话，给婴儿指东西，和婴儿玩，就能让他有最好的机会茁壮成长。

下一个阶段，从3岁到5岁，婴儿的好奇心无限地增长。应该提供给孩子各种适当的玩具，让他试着玩，学着玩，以发现他自己独特的能力。积木、拼图和建筑玩具，画画、涂鸦和做手工，玩沙子和水，玩启发想象力的玩具和装扮游戏。初次尝试集体游戏，学习怎样玩耍和与他人相处。

到了玩的第三个阶段—从5岁到7、8岁—孩子到学校上学。但是在以后的几年中，无论在家里还是在学校，玩仍是最好的学习方式。’很容易看出孩子们最喜欢哪种玩具。.

直到7、8岁，玩耍和学习对-l-孩q-来说是一回事。但一旦他学会了读书，书本和学校就成了学习的主要来源。玩具仍然是有趣的、有益的。它们使孩子们发展新的兴趣爱好，但对于一个9岁或10岁的孩子，它们的重要性已发生了变化，像对于成年人一样，玩具和游戏意味着休息和娱乐一。

答案及解析

46.C【解析】本题是细节分析和推理题。C项完整地概括了文章的主旨，即“孩子在玩中成长”。

47.D【解析】本题考查对文章细节的理解。答案在第一段第三句话“Their main function is to suggest，encourage and assist play。’，

48.A【解析】本题考查对文章细节的理解。答案在第三段第一句话“…from three to five years old，curiosity knows no bounds.”。

49.B【解析】本文论述的是“玩在人类成长过程中的重要性”。这一思想在文中第一段第一句话就点明了：“the importance of play in the development of a human being”。

50.D【解析】本题考查对文章细节的理解。A项在第段第三句话中提到，B项和C项在第一段第四句、第五句话中提到，只有D项文中未提到。

Text 2

现在，衡量大国的标准变了，这些改变预示了衡量大国的新标准。军事力量的强大不再是一个国家政治影响力的唯一基础。当然，军事力量仍然是衡量大国的首要标准，但是政治影响力与工业竞争力也有紧密联系。人们经常说如果没有军事力量，苏联将是一个第三世界国家，现在衡量大国和其正在逐步发展的影响的新标准更加重视一个国家在世界经济市.场的竞争力。

美国应该意识到这种新规则，过去四十年来我们在处理国际事务上的成功，源于我们采用新技术及运用我们民族力量去维护世界和平的能力。在这段时期的大部分时间里，我们的工业威力是毋庸置疑的。讽刺的是正是这种威力使得别的国家繁荣起来并且反过来威胁到我们工业领头地位。

美国工业基础的竞争力问题比国防部更重要，并且需要我们的社会、政府、工业和教育的旧势力作出努力，这并不是否认国防部是该过程中的一支强大力量，而是说我们不能也不应该被当成美国工业的救星而被其他人高高仰视!

答案及解析

51.D 【解析】细节题。本题答案从文章第一段第三句和最后一句可以看出一国政治力量不仅依靠军事力量，也与经济实力有紧密的联系。

52.A 【解析】细节题。第一段倒数第二句说“It’s often said that with.out its military the Soviet Union would really be a third.world nation.”，可知由于军事力量，苏联才没被列入第三世界国家。

53.B 【解析】推理题。由第三段第一句和第二段最后一句可知美国的工业基础出了问题。且其他国家对美国的工业领先地位造成威胁。故B正确。

54.D 【解析】细节题。从第二段第二句话看出A和B涉及的两个因

素都起了作用。故D正确。

55.C 【精析】主旨题。本题可以根据整篇文章的结构判断。作者先讲到新标准的两个内容：military和economic competitiveness，然后谈到过去40年美国工业威力使美国成功的例子，最后指出美国潜在威胁在于工业基础。故C正确。

Text 3

在过去的10年中，人们，尤其是年轻人，已经逐渐意识到改变饮食习惯的必要性。这是因为他们吃的大多数食品，尤其是加工食品，对健康没有好处。结果，人们对天然食品越来越感兴趣。这种食品不合化学添加剂。不受当今广泛用于农业的化学肥料的影响。

天然食品如蔬菜、水果和谷物，生长于土壤中，含有丰富的有机成分。简单地说，这就意味着土壤已被未食用的蔬菜物质所滋养。这些物质提供给土壤必要的维生素和矿物质。这本身就是天然的过程。相比较而言，使用化学用品和化肥，主要目的是增加商业种植地区食

品的产量，而不是提高其质量。

天然食品还包括被容许在茂盛的草场上吃草和自由活动的动物。把这种情况和大批量饲养家禽的地方作比较，例如层架式养鸡场，在那里，成千上万只鸡被挤在一个笼中饲养，它们吃的饲料比垃圾好不了多少。这样养出来的鸡不仅食之无味，而且孵出的蛋也缺少重要的维生素。健康饮食的其他方面也正在引起食品专家越来越多的关注。拿糖的问题做个例子。它实际上是一种不必要的食物。我们可以用一种天然替代品，比如说蜂蜜，在必要的时候使食物变甜，但事实上我们可以不使用它。不是糖本身有害，而是它确实会使人上瘾。在过去的200年中。我们使用糖的数量不断增加。如今在英国，一个人每年平均要吃掉200磅糖!然而它所能做的就是以卡路里的形式为我们提供能量。它不合维生素，也不合矿物质和纤维。

很重要的一点是。现如今纤维被认为是健康饮食的重要组成部分。比如在白面包中，纤维已经被去除了，但它还存在于粗制面粉中，当然还有蔬菜中。有趣的是，在全国性食品中含有大量粗制面粉和蔬菜的国家中，某种疾病相对很少发生。因此研究健康饮食的当代专家们认为，饮食的重点应放在食用全麦面包和更多的蔬菜上。

答案及解析

56.B【解析】文章第一段就指出“人们认为他们的饮食不健康，所以对天然食品越来越感兴趣”。接下来作者告诉我们天然食品都有哪些。最后两段提到健康饮食要注意糖和纤维的问题。因此本文的中心思想就是关于天然食品和健康饮食的。

57.B【解析】本题考查对文章细节的理解。糖的问题在第四段中提到。文中也提到“糖提供给人能量”，但sugar不是提供能量的唯一选择。

58.D【解析】根据题意，确定答案在第一段第一句话“people…become aware.e of the need to change their eating habit，became much of thef00d they eat….is not good for health.”。

59.B【解析】根据题意，确定答案在第二段第一句话“…vegetable…been grown in soil…rich in organic matter”，和第二句话“…the soft h as been nourished by unused vegetable…”。

60.D【解析】本题考查对文章细节的理解。只有D项文中未提及。

Part B

参考译文西蒙：我工作不是因为我喜欢它而是因为我必须工作，所以我经常一分一

秒地数着上班时间，直到下班或者放假。可是我的姐姐和我完全不同。她非常喜欢自己的工作，以至于经常加班，甚至把工作带回家做。我想她对工作的痴狂程度就像那些毒品或酒精上瘾的人一样。我很难理解。马修：

工作是我们生活中的一个核心部分。除去我们的亲友圈子，在此外的更大空间里，工作能给我们一种身份感。不过有一些人却让工作占据了他们生活中更为中心的位置。工作狂是现代生活中的典型人群，人们对他们褒贬不一。一方面，做工作狂是得到升职的一条可行之路。另一方面，工作狂们经常被认为是忽视生活的一群人，比如他们忽视家庭，不懂休闲，而这些对于维持身体健康和生活平衡却很重要。

安德鲁：

在城市，工作狂现象非常普遍，以至于人们对此习以为常。我认为工作狂们喜欢工作胜过一切是因为他们不知道如果不工作的话，时间该怎么打发。他们只能从工作中得到乐趣。对他们来说工作就是一切。科林：

从某种意义上说，工作狂症状是危险的，因为它会引发一些问题。首先，工作狂们经常会有一些健康问题，因为他们没有时间放松，他们把所有的时间都给自己安排满了。其次，他们的家庭生活也不会幸福，因为他们很少花时间和家人相聚。他们的婚姻最终甚至会以离婚收场。文森特：。

成为一个工作狂可能意味着你有很大的成就，不过更多的人不是工作狂也取得了很大的

成就。工作狂们需要一些时间远离工作。我说的“远离工作”意思不仅包括身体上远离工作，而且精神上也要远离。如果在应该专心关心你爱的人或者参加其他活动时，你的头脑中还是念念不忘工作的话，你其实仍然还在工作。

答案及解析

61.D 62.A 63.G 64.B 65.E61～65题解析略。

第三部分写作

Part A 66.范文

Dear Sir or Madam,

I wish to apply for the position advertised in the Business World. I am a Chinese woman, twenty-five years old. After I left high school I took at here year business course in one of the best commercial schools in Shanghai, majoring in auditing. Since graduated from business school I have worked for a lawyer’ s office for 2 years. Last year, I got my Master’ s degree in Britain. Now I am looking for a more challenging job with a bright future. And I think this position offers me a very good opportunity.

I’ m looking forward to your reply.

Sincerely yours, Li Hong

Part B

67. 范文The picture shows two people sitting in a restaurant wearing gas

masks. As we can see from the picture, there are a lot of smokers around the two people. Although they sit in a non-smoking section, they still can’t escape from the terrible second-hand smoke coming from smokers around them.

Assigning non-smoking areas in restaur ants is not enough. Suppose you’ re eating at a smoke-filled restaurant, even sitting in the non-smoking section, you may still be coughing and choking because smoke travels quickly among tables. And whenever you have to use the restroom, you have to hold your nose as you pass through the smoking area. Guests should be able to enjoy their meals without choking on someone else’s smoke. What smokers do at their own homes is their business, but once they pollute the public area with smoke--inducing toxic fumes, it becomes others’

2019年公共英语三级考试作文试题

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