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英语的修辞手法英语的45种修辞手法定义解释

英语的修辞手法英语的45种修辞手法定义解释
英语的修辞手法英语的45种修辞手法定义解释

英语中的45种修辞

(1)alliteration(押头韵):一组单词的第一个辅音相同,比如例句中

四个以l开头的单词。▲ Let us go forth to lead the land we love.

(2)anacoluthon(错格):句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构,比如例

句由肯定结构变成疑问结构。▲ As a regular reader of your papers -- Why does it give so little space to science?

(3)anadiplosis(联珠):将一个或一组单词重复多遍,比如例句中的servants。▲ Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business.

(4)anaphora(首语重复):将一个句子的开头单词或短语,在随后的

句子中重复多遍,比如例句中的we shall fight。▲ We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. (5)anastrophe(词序倒装): 改变正常词序,比如例句中最后一部分,

正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。▲ The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew.

(6)antistrophe(逆反复):在每个句子的结尾,重复相同的单词或短

语,比如例句中的without warning。&

nbsp;

▲ In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, without warning. In 1935, Italy invaded Ethiopia, without warning. In 1938, Hitler occupied Austria, without warning.

(7)antithesis(对偶):两个或多个句子,结构相同,但含义相反,或者

含义形成对比,比如例句中的is no vice与is no virtue。▲ Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. (8)aporia(假装疑问):假装表示疑问,做出对某件事情好象不太肯定

的样子,比如例句的最后部分。▲ Then the steward said within himself, ’What shall I do?’

(9)aposiopesis(中断):突然中断一个句子,以表示恐惧、兴奋等感

情,比如例句在I saw后面中断。▲ The first thing I saw -- But I dare not describe the dreadful sight.

(10)apostrophe(顿呼):在叙述过程中,突然对不在场的第三人(或

拟人化的抽象事物)的称呼,比如例句中的O you gods。▲ Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar loved him.

(11)archaism(拟古):使用古体单词,或者已废弃单词,比如例句中

的sate(sit的古体过去式和过去分词)。▲ Pipit sate upright in her chair, some distance from where I was sitting.

(12)assonance(协音):重复某个发音相同或相似的音节,比如例句中

的Thy/thy和-dom/done。▲ Thy kingdom come, thy will be done.

(13)asyndeton(连接词省略):省略单词、短语或从句之间的连接

词,比如例句省略了两个连接词and。▲ But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground. (14)brachylogy(省略):省略一个不太重要

、读者通常可以猜出的单词或短语,比如例句省略了out后面的of。▲ He looked out the window.

(15)cacophony(杂音):使用一组发音不和谐的单词,以便让人听着

不舒服,比如例句中的一组单词。▲ We want no parlay with you and your grisly gang who work your wicked will.

(16)catachresis(生硬比喻):用不准确的单词进行不准确的比喻,比

如例句中的thirsty ear。▲ I listen vainly, but with t hirsty ear.

(17)chiasmus(交错配列):两个对应部分没有按照a-b-a-b顺序排

列,而是按照a-b-b-a顺序排列,比如例句中的(often) (in my thoughts) and (in my prayers) (always)。▲ Those gallant men will remain often in my thoughts and in my prayers always. (18)climax(渐强):重新排列单词、短语或从句,以便让整个句子具有

语气逐渐增强的效果,比如例句最后部分and not to yield是整句的高潮。▲ One equal temper of heroic hearts, made weak by time and fate, but strong in will, to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. (19)euphemism(委婉):用礼貌、非冒犯性的表达,代替不礼貌、冒

犯性的表达,比如例句中的passed away和went to be with the Lord。▲ Charles Shively, 94, passed away at home and went to be with the Lord on April 22, 2004, from natural causes. (20)hendiadys(重言):用and连接两个名词,以代替一个形容词和一

个名词,比如例句中的voice and supplication,代替supplicatory voice。▲ I love the Lord, because he has heard my voice and supplication.

(21)hypallage(换置):交换两个单词的位置,交换之后的句子符合语法,但不一定符合逻辑,比如左边的例句变成右边的例句。

▲ Apply water to the wound. -- Apply the wound to water.

(22)hyperbaton(倒装):颠倒句子各个部分,通常是颠倒主语和谓

语,比如左边的例句可以变成右边的例句。▲ He is happy. -- Happy is he.

(23)hyperbole(夸张):通过夸张达到某种修辞效果,比如例句中的An hundred years. ▲ An hundred years should got to praise thine eyes and on thine forehead gaze, two hundred to adore each breast, but thirty thousand to the rest.

(24)hysteron proteron(逆序):故意颠倒事件发生的自然顺序,也

就是后发生的先说,先发生的后说,比如左边的例句变成右边的例句。▲ I fall, I faint, I die. -- I die, I faint, I fall.

(25)irony(反语):字面意思与说话人实际想要表达的意思不一致,通

常用来讽刺,比如例句中的an honourable man。▲ Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and Brutus is an honourable man.

(26)litotes(曲意):利用否定的形式,表达肯定的意思,比如例句中的not healthy相当于dangerous。▲ War is not healthy for children and other living things.

(27)metaphor(隐喻):利用某些单词进行含蓄的比喻,此时这些单词

已经不再是字面上的意思了,比如例句中的an iron curtain。▲ From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the continent. (28)metonymy(换喻)用一个单词代替另外一个在概念上有关联的单

词,比如例句中的sword,用来代替war。▲ The pen is mightier than the sword.

(29)onomatopoeia(拟声):模拟自然界的各种声音,比如例句中的ticktacking。▲ I hear the&nb

sp;clock ticktacking, and time goes by.

(30)oxymoron(矛盾修饰):使用两个或多个自相矛盾的单词,比如例句中的cruel和kind。▲ I must be cruel only to be kind.

(31)paradox(佯谬):似是而非、或者似非而是的表达,比如例句中关

于youth的看法。▲ What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young.

(32)paraleipsis(假省):故意省略某个部分之后,修辞效果反而更

强,比如例句中possessions后面的省略。▲ That part of our history detailing the mil itary achievements which gave us our several possessions ... is a theme too familiar to my listeners for me to dilate on, and I shall therefore pass it by.

(33)paraprosdokian(没有汉语译文):一个句子的结尾令人感到吃

惊,或者令人感到意外,比如例句中的the wall behind me。▲ Many times when I l ook in the mirror, I see the wall behind me.

(34)paronomasia(双关语):一个单词或短语,同时具有多重含义,

比如例句中的grave man,即是严肃的人,又是坟墓中的死人。▲ Ask for me tomorrow and you shall find me a grave man.

(35)personification(拟人):用人的特性来描述人以外的事物,比如

例句中的England。▲ England expects every man to do his duty.

(36)pleonasm(冗笔):使用多余的单词,来丰富句子的含义,比如例

句中的rich and poor。▲ No one, rich or poor, will be excepted.

(37)polysyndeton(连词叠用):在一组单词、短语或从句中,连续使

用某个连词,比如在例句中,连续使用and,给人一种一气呵成的感觉。▲ I said, "Who killed him?" and he said, "I don’t know who killed him but he’s dead all right," and it was dark and there was water standing in the street and no lights and windows broke and boats all up in the town and trees blown down and everything all blown and I got a skiff and went out and found my boat where I had her inside Mango Bay and she was all right only she was full of water. (38)prolepsis(预期描写):把未发生的事情当作已发生的事情来描

述,比如下面的例句。▲ Oh, I am a dead man!

(39)simile(明喻):用as、like等单词对两个事物进行明确的比较,比

如下面的例句。▲ Reason is to faith as the eye to the telescope.

(40)syllepsis(一笔双叙):一个单词与另外两个单词共同使用,其中

一组的用法是常见的,另外一组的用法是不常见的,比如例句中hang together 是常见的,而hang separately是不常见的。▲ We must all hang together or assuredly we will all hang separately.

(41)synchysis(没有汉语译文):有意(或者无意)将句子中各个单

词的顺序打乱,使人难以理解,比如下面的例句。▲ Lunch having he is, as writing one with hand, a book in the other hunched over, and notes he is taking. (42)synecdoche(提喻):用局部代替整体,或者用整体代替局部,比

如例句中的U.S.(美国),在原文中是指U.S. boxing team(美国拳击队)。▲ The U.S. won three gold medals.

(43)synesis(没有汉语译文):单词的搭配符合逻辑,但不符合语

法,比如例句中的anyone和them。▲ If anyone calls, tell them I

am out.

(44)tautology(同义反复):用不同的单词、短语或句子重复同一个意

思,比如例句中的两个短语。▲ With malice toward none, with charity for all.

(45)zeugma(轭式搭配):用一个形容词修饰两个名词,其中一个修饰是通顺的,另外一个修饰则是勉强的,比如将左边的例句改写成右边的例句。

常见英语修辞手法

常见英文修辞手法(Figures of Speech) 英文的修辞手法种类繁多,功能多样,但总体说来,采用修辞手法,目的是为了使表达生动、形象,有感染力,给人以美感,即实现许渊冲先生所指的的语言的三美:“音美、形美和意美”。 1. figures of comparison: simile, metaphor. (resemblance of two identities) Simile: a figure involves an expressed comparison, always introduced by “like”, “as”or “as if”. e.g.: a. Hair is all over his head a foot long and hanging from his chin like a kinky mule tail. (Alice Walker: Everyday Use for Your Grandmama) b. Maggie?s hand is as limp as a fish. (Alice Walker: Everyday Use for Your Grandmama) Metaphor: the substitution of one thing for another because of the resemblance between them. It is an implied comparison without “as” or “like”. Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be used metaphorically. e.g.: a. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leaving the bazaar. (The Middle Eastern Bazaar) b. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters? market lie elsewhere in the maze of the vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. (The Middle Eastern Bazaar) c. Darrow walked slowly round the baking court. (The Trial that Rocked the World) d. H. L. Mencken wrote sulphurous dispatches sitting in his pants with a fan blowing on him…(The Trial that Rocked the World) 2. Personification: a figure that endows objects, animals, ideas, or abstractions with human form, character, or sensibility. 1)TO inanimate objects(把无生命的物体拟人化)e.g.: a. The thirsty soil drank in the rain. b. The mist, like love, plays upon the heart of the hills and brings out surprises of beauty. 2) to inanimate living organisms (把有生物拟人化) e.g. a. He (the Fox) muttered as he retreated: “Well! What does it matter! The Grapes are sour!”…. ( Aesop’s Fables) b. Stray birds of summer come to my window to sing and fly away. And yellow leaves of autumn, which have no songs, flutter and fall there with a sigh. (Tagore: Stray Birds) 3) To inanimate concepts or ideas (把抽象概念拟人化) e.g.: a. Wrong cannot afford defeat but Right can. (谬误经不起失败,但真理却不怕失败) (Tagore: Stray Birds)

(完整版)英语中19种修辞手法和例句

1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了. 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配. 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily-like voice.(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音. 2>.Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅觉形容听觉)品尝Mozart的音乐. 6.Personification 拟人 拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物. 例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜拟人化) 2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鸟拟人化) 7.Hyperbole 夸张 夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.. 例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons. 2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars. 3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out. 8.Parallelism 排比, 平行 这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语.句子排列成串,形成一个整体. 例如: 1>.No one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one

英语修辞 手法

英语修辞 1.音韵修辞格(phonetic devices) (1).头韵(Alliteration) 在英语语言中两个或两个以上的相邻单词以相同的首音因素开头,形成顺口悦耳的读音,称为头韵修辞手法。 Eg : A light heart lives long. Will, work and wait are the pyramidal cornerstones for success. (2) 元韵(Assonance) 若干押音单词重读音节中辅音虽不同而元音相同。 Eg : The first wealth is health . (3).谐音(Assonance) Eg: litter and batter. Dress and boss. (4). 拟声(onomatopoeia) 指通过仿拟相关事物的声音来构词。 Eg : A window rattles. Giggle meow 2.语义修辞格(semantic devices)。 (1) 讽喻(allegory). 以其他的事物形象来叙述事物,通常叙述的事是一个故 事,故事中的人物,事件及发生的事情别具意义,如寓 言等。

Eg : A farmer was driving his cart along a country road. The cart got stuck in the mud, but the farmer made no effort to get it out. Instead he began to pray to the gods for help. The God finally appeared and told the man to get busy and push it. “Put your shoulder to the wheel ,” God advised. The moral of this story is clear: we must not rely on others for help. Another saying which has come from this fable is, “God help those who help themselves. (2)隐喻(Allusion) 指间接的提及某物,顺便提到。 Eg : It’s no use crying over spilt milk, because all the forces of the universe were bent on spilling it . (3)类比(analogy) 同类相比,属于一种推理方式,由此及彼。 Eg : appropriate praise to a child is what the sun to a flower. (4)警句(epigram) 用简洁的语句说明复杂的事物,揭示深刻的哲理。 Eg : It is easy to buy books than to read them, and easier to read them than to absorb them. (5)委婉语(euphemism) 表示用温和的,简洁的或模棱两可的表达方式来替换那

英语18种重要修辞手法

18种重要修辞手法 一、语义修辞 1明喻(simile)俗称直喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似关系而构成的修辞格。例如: 1.The snow was like a white blanket drawn over the field. 2.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 认真观察以上各例,我们会发现它们的特点,由(as)... as, like等引导,这些引导词被称作比喻词(acknowledging word),它们是辨别明喻的最显著的特征,明喻较为直白,比喻物和被比喻物之间相似点较为明显,所以明喻是一种比较好判断的修辞手法。 2暗喻(metaphor)也称隐喻,是依据比喻和被比喻两种不同事物的相似或相关关系而构成的修辞格。例如: 1.His friend has become a thorn in his side.(他的朋友已变成眼中钉肉中刺。) 2.You are your mother’s glass.(你是你母亲的翻版。) 3.Hope is a good br eakfast, but it’s a bad supper. 由以上各例可知,暗喻没有引导词,这是明喻和暗喻在形式上的最大区别。换句话说,有为明喻,没有为暗喻。如:He has a heart of stone. He has a heart like stone.很显然,前句是暗喻,后句是明喻。暗喻时,比喻物和被比喻物之间的相似点较为含蓄,猛一看它们毫无关系,实际却有着某种内在联系。 谈到暗喻,有必要说说它的两种变体(variety):博喻(sustained metaphor)和延喻(extended metaphor),它们是英语比喻中的特殊类型。 (1)博喻连续使用多个喻体去比喻主体的方法就叫做博喻。比如: There again came out the second flash, with the spring of a serpe nt and the shout of a fiend, looked green as an emerald, and the reverber ation was stunning.(爆发了第二次闪电,她像蛇一样蜿蜒,如魔鬼般嘶叫,像翠玉般碧绿,轰隆隆震耳欲聋。) 这个例子中对闪电的比喻就用了三个喻体,spring of a serpen t(动态),shout of a fiend(声音),green as an emerald(颜色),它们从不同角度绘声绘色地把闪电呈现在读者面前。由此可见,多喻体的使用其优势是单一喻体所无法比拟的。它可以多角度、多侧面、多层次、多结构地表现主体。 (2)延喻据Longman Modern English Dictionary解释,延喻即make a n initial c omparison and then develop it, expanding the author’s id ea(作出初次比较再扩展,以延伸作者的意图)。请看下例: A photographer is a cod, which produces a million eggs in order that one may reach maturity. (摄影师像鳕鱼,产卵百万为的是长成一条。) 摄影师通常拍片成堆,难觅一成功之作,似鳕鱼产卵无数,长成者廖廖。故萧伯纳把摄影师先比作cod,再进一步用cod的习性比喻之,生动地道出了摄影师的艰辛。这里which后的从句就显示了延喻的功能。 与一般比喻相比延喻的使用更复杂。一般比喻只需抓住主、喻体之间的相似之处,延喻不仅要注意比喻本身,还要注意延伸部分是否与喻体保持了一致。也就是说,延伸部分应当是喻体的一部分,不能游离于其外。 延喻的构成分以下几种: ①由动词构成

英语修辞学课程教学大纲

《英语修辞学》课程教学大纲 一、教师或教学团队信息 教师姓名职称办公室电话电子信箱徐桦副教授 本教师教授过的本科课程有:综合英语、英语泛读、英语视听说、英语写作、商务英语写作、英语语言风格、英语修辞学、英语词汇学等。所教授的英语写作获得2014年度学院“精彩课堂”奖;所教授的英语写作、英语词汇学、英语修辞学等课程获得学生评教高分。 本教师主要研究方向为英语课程论和英语写作教学。参加编写过多种英语词典、英语专业课本、和英语教辅书籍,其中参与编写的《英语语言学与教学丛书·写作教程系列》获2008年度上海师范大学教学成果三等奖。撰写和发表重要专业论文十余篇。担任2006-2008年度上海师范大学精品课程建设项目“中级英语写作”项目以及2009-2011年度上海市教委重点课程“英语写作基础”系列课程项目负责人。 二、课程基本信息 课程名称(中文):英语修辞学 课程名称(英文):English Rhetoric 课程类别:□通识必修课□通识选修课□专业必修课专业方向课 □专业拓展课□实践性环节 课程性质*:学术知识性方法技能性□研究探索性□实践体验性 课程代码: 周学时:2总学时:32 *2 学分: 4 先修课程:英语写作,英语语法 授课对象:英语(师范)专业本科三年级(5+6学期) 三、课程简介 本课程作为一门选修课程,向具备英语写作基础的学生介绍现代英语修辞学的研究内容、方法和主要修辞手段的运用;教学内容涉及词法、句法和段篇的修

辞特色、组织安排及表达手段。教学目的是让学生了解英语语言较深层次的表达特点和规律,辨别英汉修辞技巧的异同,能够利用修辞知识分析英语读物,提高欣赏水平和语言修养,并恰当地使用修辞手段,提高语言交际效果。 本课程对于高年级的英语语言文学专业的学生是不可或缺的学习领域及环节,它集理论性和实践性为一身,具备较高的实用价值,对于提升学生的专业水平具有重要帮助。 四、课程目标 英语修辞学的教学内容涉及词法、句法和段篇的修辞特色、组织安排及表达手段;通过修辞中的美学和非美学两套标准,系统传授英语修辞学的相关理论及实践技巧。教学目的是让学生了解英语语言较深层次的表达特点和规律,辨别英汉文化及修辞技巧的异同,能够利用修辞知识分析英语读物,提高欣赏水平和语言修养,并恰当地使用修辞手段,提高笔头及口头的语言表达效果。总之,本课程旨在培养学生针对不同目的、场景、对象,使用相应风格的英语交际能力,以及一定的研究英语语言有效表达的学术素养。 五、教学内容与进度安排*(满足对应课程标准的第2条) 本课程内容分三个大方面,第一方面为现代修辞学的研究对象、内容和方法,英语修辞活动的层次;第二方面为不同句法的修辞特色,短篇组织安排,文章写作和修改;第三方面为一些专题研究内容以及常用修辞格。

英语修辞例子

1.1 Alliteration safe and sound 1.2 Consonance rou gh and tou gh 1.3Assonance f ai r and sq ua re 1.4 Rhyme fit or fat 1.5 Onomatopoeia The stream is murmuring through the woods. 2.1 Simile The gossip is like a net that strangled her. The news is like a dagger to his heart. He has no more idea of money than a cow. His voice sounded like a thunder in the hall. The machine-gun was shooting down the enemy like a mower cutting down grass. Habit is likened to a cable; Every day we weave a thread, and soon we cannot break it. 2.2 Metaphor The night was pitch-black. At last he felt a ray of hope. The hallway was zebra-striped with darkness and moonlight. Not all slim girls are paper tigers. He was a walking encyclopedia. Applications for jobs flooded the Employment Agency. 2.3 Metonymy

英语作文中常用的修辞手法

英语作文中常用的修辞手法 文章最忌语言枯燥无味,一篇好的作文,语言应该生动形象。而恰当地运用修辞手法,可以使文字新鲜活泼、具体逼真,大大增强艺术表现力,扩大语言表达的范围;而且还可以激发读者的想象,给人留下深刻的印象。下面介绍一些英语作文中常用的修辞手法。 1.比喻(metaphor) 比喻就是打比方。可分为明喻和暗喻: 明喻(simile): 用like,as,as...as,as if(though)或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如: O my love's like a red,red rose.我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man can't be trusted.He is as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻(metaphor): 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如: He has a heart of stone.他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage.世界是一个大舞台。 2.换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称,只要一提到其中一种事物,就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House代替美国政府或者总统,用the bottle来代替wine或者alcohol,用the bar来代替the legal profession,用crown代替king等。例如: His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法

英语中常见的修辞手法 1明喻(Simile) simile -简明英汉词典['s?m?li:] n. (使用like或as等词语的)明喻 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2暗喻(the metaphor) metaphor -简明英汉词典 ['met?f?] n. 隐喻

暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4夸张(the exaggeration) exaggeration -英汉双向大词典 D.J.[?g?z?d???re???n] - exaggeration n. 1.夸张,夸大 2.夸张的言语;夸张的手法 - Exaggeration n. 夸张;夸大 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:

英语修辞学-亚里士多德的三种说服方式知识讲解

英语修辞学-亚里士多德的三种说服方式

亚里士多德的三种说服方式 亚里士多德认为修辞演讲就是对听众的一种说服,让听众形成某种判断,认同、赞成并采纳自己所持的观点或采取某种行动,因而修辞学的目标就是研究如何能够达到最大的劝说效果。亚里士多德在《修辞学》第一卷第2章和第二卷18至26章中就如何取得说服的成功作了较为全面系统的阐述。他认为演说取得成功有两种手段,一类是不属于技术范围的或“非人工的”手段(inarti ficial proofs) ,如证据、证人、法律条文等这些已经存在无须演说者提供只需要恰当地加以利用即可的条件,另一类是属于技术范围的或“人工的”手段( artificial proofs) ,即需要演讲者凭借修辞方法达成的说服论证。亚里士 多德提出了属于技术范围的三种基本说服方式——人品诉求(et hos)、情感诉求(pathos)和理性诉求(logos)。 人品诉求是指修辞者的道德品质、人格威信,亚里士多德称人品诉求是“最有效的说服手段”,所以演讲者必须具备聪慧、美德、善意等能够使听众觉得可信的品质,因为“人格对于说服几乎可以说是起支配作用的因素”(Kenn edy 1991: 38) 。“当演说者的话令人相信的时候,他是凭他的性格来说服人,因为我们在任何事情上一般都更相信好人”(亚里士多德 1991:29)。一位成功的演说家在演讲中“除了设法使受众成员进入最有利于说服工作获得成功的感情状态以及向他们‘摆事实,讲道理’之外,还必须展示出一种能赢得他们尊重和信赖,对他们具有感召力的人格,并利用这一人格所具有的威信来影响他们的决定”(刘亚猛 2004:165) 。人品诉求不仅仅是演讲者与听众建立可信性的桥梁,同时也是对雅典人所认为的可信人群品质的研究。 情感诉求是指通过对听众心理的了解来诉诸他们的感情,用言辞去打动听众,即我们通常所说的“动之以情”。它是通过调动听众情感以产生说服的效力,或者说是一种“情绪论证”(pathetic proofs) ,主要依靠使听众处于某种心情而产生。演讲者通过带有倾向性或暗示性的语句向听众施加某种信仰和情感来激起感情并最终促使他们产生行动,可以说,“对情感诉求的研究是一

英语修辞整理及例子

1.Alliteration 头韵heart,home 2.Assonance 元韵late,make 3.Consonance 辅韵sing,rang 4.Onomatopoeia 拟声The stream murmurs through the woods. Aposiopesis 跳脱“You’d better do this or else…” Apostrophe 呼语Captain!my captain!rise up and hear the bells: Pun 双关ball:(1)any round or spherical object (2)a formal social dance Repetition 重复The rain pours and pours. Anaphora 首语重复法Light come,light go. Epiphora 句末重复法Waste not,want not. Simploce首结语重复法This is the world’s fight,This is civilization’s fight. anadiplosis 顶针With Bewick on my knee,I was then happy:happy at least in my way. Parallelism 平行结构The young actor was tall,dark,and handsome. Antithesis 对偶Marriage is easy,housekeepin g is hard. Climax 层进法We want peace,we want freedom,we want a better life. Anticlimax 突降法Where shall I find hope,happiness,friends,cigarettes Syllepsis 一语双叙He lost his coat and his temper. Zeugma 轭式修辞法We ate a bun and a glass of milk. Chiasmus 回文One should eat to live,not live to eat. Asyndeton 连词省略法Nothing is insider them,they were sealed up before the creation of pestilence. Polysyndeton 连词叠用法I am a a body, a mind. Rhetorical question 反问Isn’t it the best choice Simile 明喻Time flies like an arrow. Metaphor 暗喻You are my sunshine. Metonymy 借喻He has a good ear for music. Synecdoche 提喻He paid the workers $5 per head. Antonomasia 换称Hitler---a tyrant Personification 拟人The bird is singing joyfully. Parody 仿拟I had no outlook,but an uplook rather. Synesthesia 通感The music breathing from her face. Transferred epithet 移情a sleepless bed

英语中19种修辞手法及解释

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

英语中常见的修辞手法11928

英语中常见的修辞手法 1 明喻(Simile) 明喻是一种最简单、最常见的修辞方法,是以两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体的关系,两者都在对比中出现,其基本格式是“A像B”,常用的比喻词有as, like, as if, as though等。如果使用得当可以把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白,使人可见可感可悟,把简单的事物表达的更为形象更为生动。例如: Like climbing a mountain, we struggle up three feet and fall back two.(正如爬山,我们费力爬上三英尺,又掉下去两英尺。)(大学英语第一册第三单元课文B) I see also the dull, drilled, docile, brutish masses of the Hun soldiery blodding on like a swarm of crawling locusts.(丘吉尔在此使用了一个恰当的比喻,把德国士兵比作蝗虫,因为二者有着共同之处-传播毁灭。) 2 暗喻(the metaphor) 暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 借代(metonymy) 借代是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。借代是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patien t begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4 夸张(hyperbole) 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:Most American remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.(在大多数美国人的心目中,马克.吐温是位伟大作家,他描写哈克.费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆.索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。)(eternal和endless都是夸张用语,表示哈克.费恩童年时期田园般的旅游和汤姆.索亚夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事都已成为永恒不朽之作。) 5 拟人(personification) 所谓拟人就是把无生命的事物当作有生命的事物来描写,赋予无生命之物以感情和动作或是把动物人格化。例如:The first day of this term found me on my way to school, beautiful flowers smiling and lovely birds singing in the wood.(新学期第一天上学的路上,美丽的花儿在微笑,可爱的小鸟在林中歌唱.)(采用拟人化的修辞手法使句更为生动,表达更富情感.) The cold breath of autumn had blown away its leaves, leaving it almost bare.(萧瑟的秋风吹落了枝叶,藤上几乎是光秃秃的。) (这里作者运用了拟人手法,将秋天比做人,秋天吹出的寒冷的呼吸就是秋风。语言表达生动、有力,让人有身处其境的感觉)(大学英语第三册第六课课文A) 6 反语(irony) 反语就是说反话,用反话来表达思想、观点、事物等等。有的时候可以达到讽刺的意味。例如: “What fine weather for an outing!”(计划了一个美好的出游却被一场大雨搅和了,于是出现了上面的这句话,通过反语达到讽刺的效果,从而更能够反映出当时的无奈与沮丧。)

英语写作指导:常见的英语修辞

修辞手法(figure of speech)修辞手法是通过修饰、调整语句,运用特定的表达形式以提高语言表达作用的方式和方法。修辞不仅仅在中文里很常见,在英文里也是多种多样。这篇文章里,我们就来谈一谈英文中常见的修辞手法。 1.simile1明喻 A simile is a figure of speech in which two fundamentally unlike things are explicitly3 compared, usually in a phrase introduced by like or as. 明喻是常用as或like等词将两种不同事物通过比较而连接起来的一种修辞手法。 让我们看几个例子: Good coffee is like friendship: rich and warm and strong. 好的咖啡如同友谊,丰厚,温暖,热烈。 Life is rather like opening a tin of sardines4. We're all of us looking for the key. 人生就像一罐沙丁鱼,我们大家都在找开启的起子。 He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen from him to crow. 他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡,以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫。 2.metaphor5暗喻 A metaphor is a trope or figure of speech in which an implied comparison is made between two unlike things that actually have something in common. 暗喻是将两种有共同点的不同事物进行隐晦比较的修辞手法。 明喻与暗喻的不同点就在于是否有出现like或者as(像)这一类比喻词,下面这几个句子都是暗喻: Humor is the shock absorber of life; it helps us take action. 幽默是生活的减震器,它可以鼓舞人们付诸于行动。 Time, you thief. 时间,你这个小偷。 But my heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill. 可是我的心是孤独的猎手,在孤独的小山上狩猎。 3.personification拟人 Personifiation is a figure of speech in which an inanimate object or abstraction is endowed with human qualities or abilities. 拟人是一种为无生命或抽象物体赋予人类特质与能力的修辞手法。 Oreo: Milk’s fav orite cookie. 奥利奥:牛奶最喜爱的曲奇。 The wind stood up and gave a shout. 大风凛冽,发出怒吼。 The only monster here is the gambling6 monster that has enslaved your mother! I call him Gamblor, and it's time to snatch your mother from his neon claws! 这里唯一的怪物就是赌博怪物,它将你母亲沦为奴隶!我叫它赌棍,该把你母亲从他的霓虹灯魔爪下救出来的时候了! 4.euphemism7委婉语 Euphemism is the substitution of an inoffensive expression for one considered offensively explicit2 委婉语是使用较委婉含蓄的语言替换强烈冒犯的话语。

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