美国文学史期末复习资料
I.Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items.
(10 x 1’= 10’)
1.In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment.
2.The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” is taken from Irving’s work
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1-5，BBACD 6-10 BADCD
II.Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items.
(10 x 1’= 10’)
12._____ is a fantasy tale about a man who somehow stepped outside the main
15.From Thoreau’s jail experience, came his famous essay, _____ which states
his belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a
government.
A. Walden
B. Nature
C. Civil Disobedience
D. Common Sense
20.For Melville, as well as for the reader and ____, the narrator, Moby Dick is
1-5 D A B C C 6-10 A C C D C
II. Identify Works as Described Below (1’×15 =15’):
1.The novel has a sole black protagonist who tells his own story but whose
name in unknown to us.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on
the Mountains
2.The main conflict of the play is the protagonist’s false value of fine
appearance and popularity with people and the cruel reality of the society in
which money is everything.
a.A Street Car Named Desire
b. The Hairy Ape
c.Long Day’s Journey
into Night
d. Death of Salesman
3.It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on the
playwright himself.
a. Long Day’s Journey into Night
b. Henderson the Rain King
c. The Hairy Ape
d. The Glass Menageries
4.The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident and how
the society is responsible for the murder.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on
the Mountains
5._________ is one of the best works in American literature about the Second
World War.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Catcher in the Rye
c.The Red Badge of
Courage
d. The Naked and the Dead
6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Sun Also Rises
c.The Old Man and the Sea
d. The Naked and the Dead
7.The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma and
travel to California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.
a.T he Grapes of Wrath
b. U.S. A.
c.Babbitt
d. The Adventures of Augie March
8.It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel, 1919, and The Big Money, with
such techniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.
a.B abbitt
b. Light in August
c. U.S.A.
d. The Grapes of Wrath
9.It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and whose
title is taken from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
a. Absolom, Absolom!
b. The Sound and the Fury
c.A Farewell to Arms
d. The Great Gatsby
10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and how she
becomes a famous actress and how her lover falls into a beggar and finally commits suicide.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c. McTeague
d.Maggie, A Girl of the Streets
11. The novel is set on the Mississippi with the protagonist telling us the story in
the local dialect. It is a representative work of local colorism.
a.Sister Carrie
b.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
c. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
d.The Portrait of a Lady
12.The novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming)’s reactions in
the Civil War.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c.The Red Badge of Courage
d. McTeague
13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of the
universality and equality in value of all people and all things.
a.Cantos
b. The Raven
c. Song of Myself
d.Chicago
14. The novel is about how a group of people on a whaling ship kill a great
whale but themselves are killed by the whale, with the conflict between man and his fate.
a.The Octopus
b. Moby-Dick
c. The Rise of Silas Lapham
d. Leaves of Grass
15. It is a philosophical essay in 8 chapters plus an introduction mainly
concerned with the four uses of nature.
a. Walden
b. Nature
c. The Scarlet Letter
d. The American Scholar
1-5.cdaad 6-10.aacbb https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9014415688.html,cbb
I.Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following (1’×15=15’):
1.An English ship brought 102 people from Plymouth, England on September 16, 1620 and arrived in the present Provincetown harbor on November 21 in the same year. This ship was named ____________.
a. The Pilgrims
b. Mayflower
c. America
d. Titanic
2._________ is father of American drama and in his dramatic career he wrote 49 plays.
a. Tennessee Williams
b. Eugene O’Neill
c. Arthur Miller
d. Elmer Rice
3._________ was the first American writer to write entirely American literature.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Washington Irving
c. Mark Twain
d. Ernest Hemingway
4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. Washington Irving
c. Ralph Waldo Emerson
d. Henry David Thoreau
5._______was the greatest woman poet in American literature and she wrote
about 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.
a. Pearl S. Buck
b.Harriet Bicher Stowe
c. Emily Dickenson
d. Walter Whitman
6._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.
a. Washington Irving
b. Ralph Waldo Emerson
c. Walt Whitman
d. Edgar Allan Poe
7.William Dean Howells is concerned with the middle class life; ______ writes about the upper class society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.
a. Stephen Crane
b. Frank Norris
c. Theodore Dreiser
d. Henry James
8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?
a. William Dean Howells
b. Mark Twain
c. Ernest Hemingway
d.Theodore Dreiser
9. His writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language and deep thoughts. He is______.
a. Ernest Hemingway
b. William Faulkner
c. F. Scott Fitzgerald
d. Mark Twain
10. He wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha County in the
deep south. He is ______.
a. William Faulkner
b. John Steinbeck
c. Ernest Hemingway
d. Mark Twain
11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American Jews
are major characters.
a. Sinclair Lewis
b. Saul Bellow
c. Norman Mailer
d. Jerome David Salinger
12._________ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Robert Frost
c. H.D.
d. Emily Dickinson
13.________ is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936.
a. John Steinbeck
b. William Faulkner
c. Eugene O’Neill
d. Arthur Miller
14. He was the first black American to write a book about black life with great
impact on the consciousness of the nation and his masterpiece is one of the three classics about black Americans. Who is he?
a.Richard Wright
b. Harriet Beecher Stowe
c. Langston Hughes
d.
Ralph Ellison
15. Hemingway wrote about American compatriots in Europe whereas ________
wrote about the Jazz age, life in American society.
a.William Carlos Williams
b. William Faulkner
c. John Steinbeck
d. F.
Scott Fitzgerald
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I.Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following (1×15 %):
2.The American Civil War broke out in 1861 between the Northern states and the South states, which are known respectively as the ______and the______.
a. N, S
b. Revolutionaries, Reactionaries
c. Union, Confederacy
d. Slavery, Anti-Slavery
2._____________was praised by the British as the “Tenth Muse in America”.
a.Anne Bradstreet
b. Edward Taylor
c. Thomas Paine
d. Philip Freneau
3.Mark Twain was a representative of ________ in American literature.
a. transcendentalism
b. naturalism
c. local colorism
d. imagism
4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.
a. Benjamin Franklin
b. Washington Irving
c. Ralph Waldo Emerson
d. Henry David Thoreau
5.The greatest American poet and the first writer of free verse is ____________.
a. Washington Irving
b.Ezra Pound
c. Walt Whitman
d. Emily Dickinson
6._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.
a. Washington Irving
b. Ralph Waldo Emerson
c. Walt Whitman
d. Edgar Allan Poe
7.Henry James is concerned with the upper class life; ______ writes about the middle class society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.
a. Stephen Crane
b. Frank Norris
c. Theodore Dreiser
d. William Dean Howells
8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?
a. William Dean Howells
b. Mark Twain
c. Ernest Hemingway
d.Theodore Dreiser
9. ________’s writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language and deep thoughts.
a. Ernest Hemingway
b. William Faulkner
c. F. Scott Fitzgerald
d. Mark Twain
10. ______ wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha County
in the deep south. .
a. William Faulkner
b. John Steinbeck
c. Ernest Hemingway
d. Mark Twain
11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American Jews
are major characters.
a. Sinclair Lewis
b. Saul Bellow
c. Norman Mailer
d. Jerome David Salinger
12._________ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.
a. Anne Bradstreet
b. Robert Frost
c. H.D.
d. Emily Dickinson
13.________ is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936.
a. John Steinbeck
b. William Faulkner
c. Eugene O’Neill
d. Arthur Miller
14. _______ was the first black American to write a book about black life with
great impact on the consciousness of the nation and his masterpiece is one of the three classics about black Americans.
b.Richard Wright b. Harriet Beecher Stowe
c. Langston Hughes
d. Ralph Ellison
15. ________ first used the “Jazz age” as the title of a collection of short stories
a. F. Scott Fitzgerald
b. William Faulkner
c. John Steinbeck
d. Ernest
Hemingway
1-5.caccc 6-10.dddaa 11-15.bdcba
II. Identify Works as Described Below (1×15 %):
6.The play is about a stoker whose identity as a human being is not recognized
by his fellow human beings and who tries to find affinity with a monkey in the zoo and is finally killed by the animal.
a. The Hairy Ape
b. Henderson the Rain King
c. Long Day’s Journey into Night
d. The Glass Menageries
7.The protagonist in this play is a crippled girl named Amanda.
a.A Street Car Named Desire
b. The Hairy Ape
c.Long Day’s Journey
into Night
d.The Glass Menageries
8.The hero of this novel tells about his own story to us but his name is
unknown.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on
the Mountains
4. It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on the playwright himself.
a. Long Day’s Journey into Night
b. Henderson the Rain King
c. The Hairy Ape
d. The Glass Menageries
5.The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident and
how he is finally arrested and tried and sentenced to death.
a.Native Son
b.Uncle Tom’s Cabin
c.Invisible Man
d. Go Tell It on
the Mountains
6._________ is one of the best works in American literature about the Second
World War.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Catcher in the Rye
c.The Red Badge of
Courage
d. The Naked and the Dead
6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.
a.A Farewell to Arms
b.The Sun Also Rises
c.The Old Man and the Sea
d. The Naked and the Dead
10.The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma and
travel to California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.
b.The Grapes of Wrath b. U.S. A.
c.Babbitt
d. The Adventures of Augie March
11.It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel, 1919, and The Big Money, with
such techniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.
b.Babbitt b. Light in August
c. U.S.A.
d. The Grapes of Wrath
12.It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and whose
title is taken from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.
a. Absolom, Absolom!
b. The Sound and the Fury
c.A Farewell to Arms
d. The Great Gatsby
10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and elopes with
Hurstwood and how she becomes a famous actress and how her lover falls into beggary and finally commits suicide.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c. McTeague
d.Maggie, A Girl of the Streets
11. It is a novel with 135 chapters plus an epilog; in it a group of people on a
whaling ship kill a great whale but they themselves are killed by the whale in the end, except Ishmael the narrator who survives by adhering to a coffin.
b.Sister Carrie b.The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
c. Moby Dick
d. The Portrait of a Lady
12.The novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming)’s reactions in
the Civil War, in which wound is called the red badge which symbolizes courage.
a.An American Tragedy
b. Sister Carrie
c.The Red Badge of Courage
d. McTeague
13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of the
universality and equality in value of all people and all things.
a.Cantos
b. The Raven
c. Song of Myself
d.Chicago
14. The novel is about how a man falls economically and socially but who rises
morally because he gives up the opportunity to sell his factory to an English Syndicate, which would otherwise mean a ruin to that syndicate.
a.The Octopus
b. The Rise of Silas Lapham
c. Moby-Dick
d. Leaves of Grass
15. It is a speech delivered at Harvard University. It is often hailed as the
“declaration of intellectual independence” in America.
a. The American Scholar
b. Nature
c. The Scarlet Letter
d. Walden
1-5.adcad 6-10.aacbb https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9014415688.html,cba
II. Match the following (1×20%)
A. Match Works with Their Authors
1.Hugh Selwyn Mauberly
2.Walden
3. Autobiography
4. The Scarlet Letter
5.Leaves of Grass
6.The Raven
7. The Rise of Silas Lapham
8. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer
9. Long Day’s Journey into Night
10. The Old Man and the Sea
a.Mark Twain b . Ernest Hemingway
c. Eugene O’Neill
d. William Dean Howells
e. Edgar Allan Poe
f. Walt Whitman
g. Nathaniel Hawthorne h. Benjamin Franklin
i.Henry David Thoreau j. Ezra Pound
k.Thomas Jefferson l. T.S. Eliot
B. Match the Characters with the works in which they appear.
1.Hester Prynne
2.Mrs. Touchett
3.Frederick Henry
4.Benjy Compson
5.the Joads
6.General Edward Cummings
7.Holden Caulfield 7.Bigger Thomas
8.Yank 9.Happy
a.The Portrait of a Lady
b. The Scarlet Letter
c. The Hairy Ape
d. A Farewell to Arms
e.The Sound and the Fury
f. The Grapes of Wrath
g. The Naked and the Dead
h. The Catcher in the Rye
i. Native Son
j. Death of a Salesman
k.Invisible Man
l.Catch-22
A. Match Works with Their Authors
1-5.jihgf 6-10.edccb
B. Match the Characters with the works in which they appear. 1-5.badef 6-10.ghicj
III. Match the following (1’×20=20’)
A. Match works with their authors
1.Nature
2.Rip Van Winkle
3. Nature
4. The Scarlet Letter
5.Leaves of Grass
6.The Raven
7. The Rise of Silas Lapham
8. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
9. Cantos
10. The Old Man and the Sea
a.Ezra Pound
b. Ernest Hemingway
c. Mark Twain
d. William Dean Howells
e. Edgar Allan Poe
f. Walt Whitman
g. Nathaniel Hawthorne h. Ralph Waldo Emerson
i.Washington Irving j. Waldo Emerson
k.T.S. Eliot l. Robert Frost
B. Match characters with the works in which they appear.
2.Captain Ahab and Starbuck 2.Isabel Archer
3.Frederic Henry and Catherine
4.Benjy Compson
5.the Joads
6.General Edward Cummings
7.Holden Caulfield 8.Bigger Thomas
9.The Tyrones 10.Willy Loman
a.The Portrait of a Lady
b. Moby-Dick
c. Death of a Salesman
d. A Farewell to Arms
e.The Sound and the Fury
f. The Grapes of Wrath
g. The Naked and the Dead h. The Catcher in the Rye
i. Native Son j. Long Day’s Journey into Night
k.Absalom, Absalom l. The Old Man and the Sea
A. Match Works with Their Authors
1-5.jihgf 6-10.edcab
B. Match the Characters with the works in which they appear.
1-5.badef 6-10.edcab
V. Essay Questions (30%; c hoose only ONE of the following three topics and write a short essay of at least 200 words. Note: [1]Your essay should have at least 2 paragraphs; you are not simply to make a list of facts.[2] You may give a title to your essay, but you are required to indicate which of the 3 topics it belongs to. [3]You are not to write on a topic of your own.
1.To the best of your knowledge, analyze and make comments on Emerson’s
Nature
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9014415688.html,ment on any American poet you like.
3.Analyze and/or comment on any one of the American novels or plays you
have read.
V. Essay Questions (30%; c hoose only ONE of the following three topics and write a short essay of at least 200 words. Note: [1]Your essay should have at least 2 paragraphs; you are not simply to make a list of facts.[2] You may give a title to your essay, but you are required to indicate which of the 3 topics it belongs to. [3]You are not to write on a topic of your own.)
4.Make comments on an American novel we have discussed in this course.
https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9014415688.html,ment on an American poet.
6.Describe how your knowledge of American literature is improved after
taking this course..
IV. Please answer the following questions briefly. (2 x 10’ = 20’)
1.Why do people think Franklin is the embodiment of American dream?
2.What is “Lost Generation”?
V. Discussion. (1 x 20’ = 20’)
State your own interpretations of Hemingway’s iceberg theory of writing? IV. Please answer the following questions briefly. (2 x 10’ = 20’)
3.Wha t is Hawthorne’s style? Explain the style with examples.
4.At the end of the 19th century, there were three fighters for Realism. Who
are they? What are their differences?
________
True or False. (10 x 2’= 20’)
1. American literature is the oldest of all national literature.
2. Thomas Jefferson was the only American to sign the 4 documents that created the US.
3. All his literary life, Hawthorne seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil.
4. Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about human psychology.
5. Hurstwood is a character in Dreiser’s An American Tragedy.
6. Faulkner’s region was the Deep North, with its bitter history of slavery, civil war and destruction.
7. Placed in historical perspective, Howells is found lacking in qualities and depth. But anyhow he is a literary figure worthy of notice.
8. Faulkner’s works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha Saga, “one connected story”.
9. As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.
10. Emily Dickinson expr esses her deep love in the poem “Annabel Lee”.
1-5 F F T F F 6-10 F F T F F
II. Decide whether the statements are True or False. (10 x 2’= 20’)
1. Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.
2. American Romantic writers avoided writing about nature, medieval legends and with supernatural elements.
3. As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.
4. “Young Goodman Brown” wants to prove everyone possesses kindness in heart.
5. Henry James was a realist in the same way as one views the realism of Twain or Howells.
6. The American realists sought to describe the wide range of American experience and to present the subtleties of human personality.
7. Frost’s concern with nature reflected his deep moral uncertainties.
8. Faulkner’s works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha Saga, “one connected story”.
9. Roger Chillingworth is a character in Dreiser’s An American Tragedy.
10. After the Civil War, the Frontier was closing. Disillusionment and frustration were widely felt. What had been expected to be a “Golden Age” turned to be a “Gilded” one.
1-5 T F T F T 6-10 F T T F T
III. Please explain the following terms. (5 x 6’ = 30’)
1. Puritanism
2. Free verse
3. International novel: 4．Romanticism 5. Naturalism 6. American Realism 7.American Naturalism Modernism Imagism
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.
2.Free verse: It is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that
attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure; instead, it uses the
cadences of natural speech.
3.International novel: IN brings together persons of various nationalities who
represent certain characteristics of their own countries.
4.Naturalism: It views human beings as animals in the natural world
responding to environmental forces and internal stresses and drives, over
none of which they have control and none of which they fully understand.
The literary naturalists have a major difference from the realists. They look
at a different spot to find real life.
III. Please explain the following terms. (5 x 6’ = 30’)
1. Puritanism
2. international novel
3. the lost
generation
Hemingway heroes
4. free verse
5.American
transcendentalism
1.Puritanism: Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans.
2.international novel: IN brings together persons of various nationalities who
represent certain characteristics of their own countries.
3.the lost generation: reveals the huge destruction of the wars to the young
generation. It describes the Americans who remained in Paris as a colony of
“expatriates”. They were lost in disillusionment.
4.free verse: It is poetry that has an irregular rhythm and line length and that
attempts to avoid any predetermined verse structure; instead, it uses the
cadences of natural speech.
5.transcendentalism: It stressed the power of intuition, believing that people
could learn things both from the outside world by means of the five senses
and from the inner world by intuition. It took nature as symbolic of spirit or God. All things in nature were symbols of the spiritual, of God’s presence. It emphasized the significance of the individual and believed that the individual was the most important element in society and that the ideal kind of individual was self-reliant and unselfish. Transcendentalists envisioned religion as an emotional communication between an individual soul and the universal “Oversoul”.
美国文学史期末参考复习资料
仅作参考，最主要还是要自己消化，整理 Chapter 1 Colonial Period 1. Puritanism: American puritans accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. 2. Influence (1) A group of good qualities – hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety (serious and thoughtful) influenced American literature. (2) It led to the everlasting myth. All literature is based on a myth – garden of Eden. (3) Symbolism: the American puritan’s metaphorical mode of perception was chi efly instrumental in calling into being a literary symbolism which is distinctly American. (4) With regard to their writing, the style is fresh, simple and direct; the rhetoric is plain and honest, not without a touch of nobility often traceable to the direct influence of the Bible. II. Overview of the literature 1. types of writing diaries, histories, journals, letters, travel books, autobiographies/biographies, sermons 2. writers of colonial period (1) Anne Bradstreet (2) Edward Taylor III. Benjamin Franklin 1. life 2. works (1) Poor Richard’s Almanac (2) Autobiography 3. contribution (1) He helped found the Pennsylvania Hospital and the American Philosophical Society. (2) He was called “the new Prometheus who had stolen fire (electricity in this case) from heaven”. (3) Everything seems to meet in this one man –“Jack of all trades”. Herman Melville thus described him “master of each and mastered by none”. Chapter 2 American Romanticism Section 1 Early Romantic Period I. American Romanticism 1. Background (1) Political background and economic development (2) Romantic movement in European countries Derivative – foreign influence 2. features (1) American romanticism was in essence the expression of “a real new experience and contained “an alien quality” for the simple reason that “the spirit of the place” was radically new and alien. (2) There is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American romantic authors tended more to moralize. Many American romantic writings intended to edify more than they entertained. (3) The “newness” of Americans as a nation is in connection with Am erican Romanticism. (4) As a logical result of the foreign and native factors at work, American romanticism was both imitative and independent. II. Washington Irving: Father of American Literature 1. several names attached to Irving (1) first American writer (2) the messenger sent from the new world to the old world (3) father of American literature 2. life 3. works (1) A History of New York from the Beginning of the World to the End of the Dutch Dynasty (2) The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (He won a measure of international recognition with the publication of this.) (3) The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus (4) A Chronicle of the Conquest of Granada (5) The Alhambra 4. Literary career: two parts (1) 1809~1832
美国文学史复习提纲
I. Explain the following literary terms. 1. Romanticism The most profound and comprehensive idea of romanticism is the vision of a greater personal freedom for the individual. Appeals to imagination; Stress on emotion rather than reason; optimism, geniality. Subjectivity: in form and meaning. 2 American transcendentalism American transcendentalism was an important movement in philosophy and literature that flourished during the early to middle years of the nineteenth century (about 1836-1860). For the transcendentalists, the soul of each individual is identical with the soul of the world and contains what the world contains. 3 Realism: ―nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.‖ the Civil war a. verisimilitude of details derived from observation b. representative in plot, setting and character c. an objective rather than an idealized view of human experience 4. Modernism like modernism in general is a trend of thought that affirms the power of human beings to create, improve, and reshape their environment, with the aid of scientific knowledge, technology and practical experimentation, and is thus in its essence both progressive and optimistic. The general term covers many political, cultural and artistic movements rooted in the changes in Western society at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century. American modernism is an artistic and cultural movement in the United States starting at the turn of the 20th century with its core period between World War I and World War II and continuing into the 21st century. II. Questions and Answers. Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. 1. What is local color？ an amalgam of romantic plots and realistic descriptions of things immediately observable: the dialects, customs, sights, and sounds of regional America‖ 2. What is American Puritanism 1). Total Depravity - the concept of Original Si 2). Unconditional Election - the concept of predestination 3). Limited Atonement - Jesus died for the chosen only, not for everyone. 4). Irresistible Grace - God's grace is freely given, it cannot be earned or denied. 5). Perseverance of the "saints" - those elected by God have full power to interpret the will of God, and to live uprightly. If anyone rejects grace after feeling its power in his life, he will be going against the will of God. 3. Analyze Benjamin Franklin’s Autobiography. themes in autobiography: Self- Improvement Mind: Self-education Body: Physical Activity Behavior: Moral Perfection Religion: The best service to God is to be good to man Benjamin Franklin and aspects of The American Dream Rags to Riches: Impotence to Importance: A Philosophy of Individualism: Freewill vs. Determinism: Hope and Optimism:
美国文学史-知识点梳理
Part I The Literature of Colonial America I．Historical Introduction The colonial period stretched roughly from the settlement of America in the early 17th century through the end of the 18th. The first permanent settlement in America was established by English in 1607. ( A group of people was sent by the English King James I to hunt for gold. They arrived at Virginia in 1607. They named the James River and build the James town.) II．The pre-revolutionary writing in the colonies was essentially of two kinds: 1) Practical matter-of-fact accounts of farming, hunting, travel, etc. designed to inform people "at home" what life was like in the new world, and, often, to induce their immigration 2) Highly theoretical, generally polemical, discussions of religious questions. III．The First American Writer The first writings that we call American were the narratives and journals of these settlements. They wrote about their voyage to the new land, their lives in the new land, their dealings with Indians. Captain John Smith is the first American writer. A True Relation of such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony (1608) A Map of Virginia: A Description of the Country (1612) General History of Virgini a (1624): the Indian princess Pocahontas Captain John Smith was one of the first early 17th-century British settlers in North America. He was one of the founders of the colony of Jamestown, Virginia. His writings about North America became the source of information about the New World for later settlers. One of the things he wrote about that has become an American legend was his capture by the Indians and his rescue by the famous Indian Princess, Pocahontas. IV．Early New England Literature William Bradford and John Winthrop John Cotton and Roger Williams Anne Bradstreet and Edward Taylor V．Puritan Thoughts 1. The origin of puritan In the mediaeval Europe, there was widespread religious revolution. In the 16th Century, the English King Henry VIII (At that time, the Catholics were not allowed to divorce unless they have the Pope's permission. Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife because she couldn't bear him a son. But the Pope didn't allow him to divorce, so he) broke away from the Roman Catholic Church & established the Church of
美国文学史及选读期末复习
美国文学史复习1（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记 b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步 5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒： John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry. 4、The earliest settlers included Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Spaniards Italian, and Portuguese. 美国文学史复习2（reason and revolution) (2009-01-17 15:54:25) 一、美国的性质： The war for Independence ended in the formation of a Federative bourgeois democratic republic - the United States of America. 联邦的资产阶级民主共和国--美利坚合众国。 二、代表作家： 1、Benjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林 1706-1790 1）"Poor Richard's Almanac" 穷人查理德的年鉴 annual collection of proverbs 流行谚语集
美国文学史及选读复习重点
Captain John Smith (first American writer). Anne Bradstreet；The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America （colonists living） Edward Taylor(the best puritan poet) John Cotton ”the Patriarch of New England” teacher spiritual leader Benjamin Franklin The Autobiography Poor Richard’s Almanack Thomas Jefferson： Political Career Thoughts The Declaration of Independence we hold truth to be self-evidence Philip Freneau“Father of American Poetry” The Wild Honey Suckle American Romanticism optimism and hope Nationalism Washington Irving“Father of American Literature short story”The first “Pure Writer” A History of New York The Sketch Book marked the beginning of American Romanticism! “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”Rip Van Winkle James Fenimore Cooper Father of American sea and frontier novels Leather stocking Tales The Last of the Mohicans The Pioneers The Prairie The Pathfinder The Deerslayer Edgar Allan Poe father of detective story and horror fiction Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque “MS. Found in a Bottle” “The Murders in the Rue Morgue” “The Fall of the House of Usher”“The Masque of the Red Death”“The
美国文学史复习资料
美国文学史复习（colonialism) 第一部分殖民主义时期的文学 一、时期综述 1、清教徒采用的文学体裁：a、narratives 日记b、journals 游记 2、清教徒在美国的写作内容： 1）their voyage to the new land 2) Adapting themselves to unfamiliar climates and crops 3) About dealing with Indians 4) Guide to the new land, endless bounty, invitation to bold spirit 3、清教徒的思想： 1）puritan want to make up pure their religious beliefs and practices 净化信仰和行为方式 2) Wish to restore simplicity to church and the authority of the Bible to the theology. 重建教堂，提供简单服务，建立神圣地位 3）look upon themselves as chosen people, and it follow logically that anyone who challenged their way of life is opposing God's will and is not to be accepted. 认为自己是上帝选民，对他们的生活有异议就是反对上帝 4）puritan opposition to pleasure and the arts sometimes has been exaggerated. 反对对快乐和艺术的追求到了十分荒唐的地步5）religious teaching tended to emphasize the image of a wrathful God.强调上帝严厉的一面，忽视上帝仁慈的一面。 4、典型的清教徒：John Cotton & Roger William 他们的不同：John Cotton was much more concerned with authority than with democracy; William begins the history of religious toleration in America. 5、William的宗教观点：Toleration did not stem from a lack of religious convictions. Instead, it sprang from the idea that simply to be virtuous in conduct and devout in belief did not give anyone the right to force belief on others. He also felt that no political order or church system could identify itself directly with God. 行为上的德，信仰上的诚，并没有给任何人强迫别人该如何行事的权利。没有任何政治秩序和教会体制能够直接体现神本身的意旨。 6、英国最早移民到美国的诗人：Anne Bradstreet 7、在殖民时期最好的清教徒诗人：the best of Puritan poets is Edward Tayor. 学习指南： 1、Could you give a description of American Puritans? 关于美国清教徒的描绘 Like their brothers back in England, were idealists, believing that the church should be restored to the "purity" of the first-century church as established by Jesus Christ himself. To them religion was a matter of primary importance. They made it their chief business to see that man lived and thought and acted in a way which tended to the glory of God. They accepted the doctrine of predestination, original sin and total depravity, and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God, all that John Calvin, the great French theologian who lived in Geneva had preached. It was this kind of religious belief that they brought with them into the wildness. There they meaant to prove that were God's chosen people enjoying his blessings on this earth as in Heaven. 2、Hard work, thrift, piety and sobriety were the Puritan values that dominated much of the earliest American writing. 3、The work of two writers, Anne Bradstreet & Edward Taylor, rose to the level of real poetry.
美国文学史及选读期末复习题
1.Captain John Smith became the first American writer. 2.The puritans looked upon themselves as a chosen people. is an annual collection of proverbs written by Benjamin Franklin. 4.Thomas Paine’s famous pamphlet Common Sense boldly advocated a “Declaration for Independence”. 5.Thomas Jefferson drafted the Declaration of Independence with John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman, and Robert Livingston.
has been called the “Father of American Poetry”. 7.In Washington I rving’s appeared the first modern short stories and the first great American juvenile literature. 8.Cooper’s enduring fame rests on his William Cullen Bryant’s wok. is considered “father of American detective stories and American gothic stories”. 10.Emerson believed above all in
美国文学史及选读考研复习笔记6.
History And Anthology of American Literature （6） 附：作者及作品 一、殖民主义时期The Literature of Colonial America 1．船长约翰·史密斯Captain John Smith 《自殖民地第一次在弗吉尼亚垦荒以来发生的各种事件的真实介绍》 “A True Relation of Such Occurrences and Accidents of Note as Hath Happened in Virginia Since the First Planting of That Colony” 《弗吉尼亚地图，附：一个乡村的描述》 “A Map of Virginia: with a Description of the Country” 《弗吉尼亚通史》“General History of Virginia” 2．威廉·布拉德福德William Bradford 《普利茅斯开发历史》“The History of Plymouth Plantation”3．约翰·温思罗普John Winthrop 《新英格兰历史》“The History of New England” 4．罗杰·威廉姆斯Roger Williams 《开启美国语言的钥匙》”A Key into the Language of America” 或叫《美洲新英格兰部分土著居民语言指南》 Or “A Help to the Language of the Natives in That Part of America Called New England ” 5．安妮·布莱德斯特Anne Bradstreet 《在美洲诞生的第十个谬斯》 ”The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America” 二、理性和革命时期文学The Literature of Reason and Revolution 1。本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin (1706-1790) ※《自传》“ The Autobiography ” 《穷人理查德的年鉴》“Poor Richard’s Almanac” 2。托马斯·佩因Thomas Paine (1737-1809) ※《美国危机》“The American Crisis” 《收税官的案子》“The Case of the Officers of the Excise”《常识》“Common Sense” 《人权》“Rights of Man” 《理性的时代》“The Age of Reason” 《土地公平》“Agrarian Justice” 3。托马斯·杰弗逊Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826) ※《独立宣言》“The Declaration of I ndependence” 4。菲利浦·弗瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832) ※《野忍冬花》“The Wild Honey Suckle” ※《印第安人的坟地》“The Indian Burying Ground” ※《致凯提·迪德》“To a Caty-Did” 《想象的力量》“The Power of Fancy” 《夜屋》“The House of Night” 《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship” 《战争后期弗瑞诺主要诗歌集》 “The Poems of Philip Freneau Written Chiefly During the Late War” 《札记》“Miscellaneous Works” 三、浪漫主义文学The Literature of Romanticism 1。华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859) ※《作者自叙》“The Author’s Account of Himself” ※《睡谷传奇》“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 《见闻札记》“Sketch Book” 《乔纳森·欧尔德斯泰尔》“Jonathan Oldstyle” 《纽约外史》“A History of New York” 《布雷斯布里奇庄园》“Bracebridge Hall” 《旅行者故事》“Tales of Traveller” 《查理二世》或《快乐君主》“Charles the Second” Or “The Merry Monarch” 《克里斯托弗·哥伦布生平及航海历史》 “A History of the Life and V oyages of Christopher Columbus” 《格拉纳达征服编年史》”A Chronicle of the Conquest of Grandada” 《哥伦布同伴航海及发现》 ”V oyages and Discoveries of the Companions of Columbus” 《阿尔罕布拉》“Alhambra” 《西班牙征服传说》“Legends of the Conquest of Spain” 《草原游记》“A Tour on the Prairies” 《阿斯托里亚》“Astoria” 《博纳维尔船长历险记》“The Adventures of Captain Bonneville” 《奥立弗·戈尔德史密斯》”Life of Oliver Goldsmith” 《乔治·华盛顿传》“Life of George Washington” 2．詹姆斯·芬尼莫·库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851) ※《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《间谍》“The Spy” 《领航者》“The Pilot” 《美国海军》“U.S. Navy” 《皮袜子故事集》“Leather Stocking Tales” 包括《杀鹿者》、《探路人》”The Deerslayer”, ”The Pathfinder” 《最后的莫希干人》“The Last of the Mohicans” 《拓荒者》、《大草原》“The Pioneers”, “The Praire” 3。威廉·卡伦·布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878) ※《死之思考》“Thanatopsis” ※《致水鸟》“To a Waterfowl” 4。埃德加·阿伦·坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) ※《给海伦》“To Helen” ※《乌鸦》“The Raven” ※《安娜贝尔·李》“Annabel Lee” ※《鄂榭府崩溃记》“The Fall of the House of Usher” 《金瓶子城的方德先生》“Ms. Found in a Bottle” 《述异集》“Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque” 5。拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882) ※《论自然》“Nature” ※《论自助》“Self-Reliance” 《美国学者》“The American Scholar” 《神学院致辞》“The Divinity School Address” 《随笔集》“Essays” 《代表》“Representative Men” 《英国人》“English Traits” 《诗集》“Poems” 6。亨利·戴维·梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862) ※《沃尔登我生活的地方我为何生活》 1