句子成分2句子结构 学案

自学指导一：

句子成分

（一）句子成分的定义：构成_____的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和_____语；次要成分有_______、_______、______、______、______和______。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于______。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由以下等成分表示：

During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（_____）We often speak English in class.(_________)

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(__________)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(___________)

Smoking does harm to the health.(__________)

The rich should help the poor.(______________)

When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(__________)

It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作______主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）

（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。______在句中作谓语，一般放在______之后。谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.

（四）表语：表语用以说明______的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于_______（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语可由以下等成分表示：Our teacher of English is an American.(__________)

Is it yours?(__________)

The weather has turned cold.(___________)

The speech is exciting.(____________)

Three times seven is twenty one?(____________)

His job is to teach English.(__________)

His hobby（爱好）is playing football.(______________)

The machine must be out of order.(______________)

Time is up. The class is over.(_____________)

The truth is that he has never been abroad.

（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于_________和______后面。表语可由以下等成分表示：

They went to see an exhibition（展览）yesterday.(____________)

The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(________)

How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(__________)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(______________)

He pretended not to see me.(____________)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(_______________)

I think（that）he is fit for his office.(____________)

宾语种类：（1）__________（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.（2）___________（宾语+宾补），例如：They elected him their monitor.

（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make 等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由以下等成分表示：

His father named him Dongming.(_____________)

They painted their boat white.(___________)

Let the fresh air in.(___________)

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(________________)

We saw her entering the room.(______________)

We found everything in the lab in good order.(____________)

We will soon make our city what your city is now.(_____________)

（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。定语可由以下等成分表示：Guilin is a beautiful city.（______）

China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（______）

There are thirty women teachers is our school.（_______）

His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（________）

Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（__________）

The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（________）

He is reading an article about how to learn English.（_________）

（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语。可由以下形式表示：

Light travels most quickly.（____________________）

He has lived in the city for ten years.（______________）

He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（____________）He is in the room making a model plane.（_________）

Wait a minute.（名词）

Once you begin, you must continue.（_________）

状语种类如下：

How about meeting again at six?（___________）

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（____________）

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（_____________）

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（____________）

She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（___________）

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（____________）

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（____________）

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（____________）

She works very hard though she is old.（_____________）

I am taller than he is.（_____________）

练习一

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：

1. The students got on the school bus.

2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class.

4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

5. His job is to train swimmers.

6. He managed to finish the work in time.

7. He found it important to master English.

8. Would you please tell me your address?

9. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

10. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

选做题：

( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.

A. Now there the man

B. The man here now

C. The man who is here now

D. The man is here now

( ) 2. The weather ____.

A. wet and cold

B. is wet and cold

C. not wet and cold

D. were wet and cold

( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.

A. sweets

B. sweetly

C. nicely

D. sweet ( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.

A. lately

B. late

C. latest

D. latter ( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.

A. dead

B. died

C. dyed

D. deaded ( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.

A. We, us

B. Us, we

C. We, our

D. We, we ( )7. He found the street much ______.

A. crowd

B. crowding

C. crowded

D. crowdedly ( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.

A. its

B. it

C. that

D. that is ( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.

A. looks

B. is looked

C. is being looked

D. was looked ( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.

A. that

B. when

C. in which

D. where

二、简单句、并列句和复合句

（一）句子种类两种分类法

1、按句子的用途可分四种：

1）陈述句（肯定、否定）：He is six years old; She didn’t hear of yo u before.

2）疑问句（一般、特殊、选择、反意）：Do they like skating? How old is he? Is he six or seven years old? Mary can swim, can’t she?

3）祈使句：Be careful, boys; Don’t talk in class

4）感叹句：How clever the boy is!

2、按句子的结构可分三种：

1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。

e.g. He often reads English in the morning.

Tom and Mike are American boys.

She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.

2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。

e.g. You help him and he helps you.

The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。

3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）、定语从句和状语从句等。

e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.

（二）简单句的五种基本句型

1、主语+系动词+表语：e.g. He is a student.

2、主语+不及物动词：e.g. We work.

3、主语+及物动词+宾语：e.g. Henry bought a dictionary.

4、主语+及物动词+双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）：e.g. My father bought me a car.

5、主语+及物动词+复合宾语（宾语+宾补）：e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.

注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省略而构成。

（三）并列句的分类

1、表示连接两个同等概念，常用and, not only…but also…, neither…nor…, then等连接。e.g. The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.

2、表示选择，常用的连词有or, either…or…, otherwise等。e.g. Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.

3、表示转折，常用的连词有but, still, however, yet, while, when等。e.g. He was a little man with thick glasses, but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting.

4、表示因果关系，常用的连词有so, for, therefore等。e.g. August is the time of the year for rive harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.

练习二、简单句、并列句和复合句

一、判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

1. We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon.

2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.

3. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there?

4. My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and come back home at

seven in the evening.

5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.

6. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child.

7. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so.

8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it?

9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.

10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

二、判断下列短文中各句是简单句、并列句还是复合句：

I hope you are very well（）. I'm fine, but tired（）. Right now it is the summer vacation and I'm helping my Dad on the farm（）. August is the hottest month here（）. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark.（）Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors（）. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat（）. We have a lot of machines on the farm（）. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him（）. But he employs more men for the harvest（）. My brother takes care of the vegetable garden（）. It doesn't often rain in the summer here（）. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden（）. Every evening we pump water from a well（）. It then runs along channels to different parts of the garden（）.

Most Saturday evenings there is a party, even at harvest time（）. These parties often make us very happy（）. We cook meat on an open fire outside（）. It's great（）! Americans eat a lot of meat — too much in my opinion（）. Some of my friends drink beer（）. I don't, because I have to drive home after the party（）. In your letter you asked about the time in different areas of the States（）. There are five different time areas in the States（）. In my state we are fourteen hours behind Beijing time（）. How many different time areas do you have in China（）? Well, I must stop and get some sleep（）. Please give my best regards to your parents（）.

三、选择填空：

1. Give me one more minute ____ I’ll be able to finish it.

A. and

B. or

C. if

D. so

2. It’s the third time that John has been late, ____?

A. hasn’t he

B. isn’t he

C. isn’t it

D. hasn’t i t

3. ____ joyful he was to meet his brother again!

A. How

B. What

C. What a

D. What an

4. Let us pass, ____?

A. shan’t we

B. shall we

C. won’t we

D. will you

5. I suppose he’s serious, ____ ?

A. do I

B. don’t I

C. is he

D. isn’t he

6. You had better not smoke here, ____?

A. will you

B. had you

C. shall you

D. have you

7. Train as hard as you can ____ you’ll win the swimming competition.

A. then

B. but

C. and

D. or

8. I’m sorry to have to say this, ____ you forgot to turn off the lights when you left the room last night.

A. and

B. but

C. so

D. because

9. John has not yet passed the driving test, and ____.

A. Henry hasn’t too

B. Henry also has not either

C. neither Henry has

D. neither has Henry

10. There are many sports lovers in his office. Some love climbing, ____ others enjoy swimming.

A. or

B. for

C. while

D. so

11. ---- Do you feel like going out ____ would you rather have dinner at home?

---- I’d like to go out. A. or B. and C. but D. so

12. ---- “____ is the temperature today?”----“It’s 38 degrees.”

A. Which

B. How

C. How hot

D. How high

13. ---- Your uncle isn’t an engineer, is he?---- ____.

A. Yes, he isn’t

B. No, he isn’t

C. No, he is

D. He is

14. ____ friendly ____ to everyone!

A. How, is she

B. What, is she

C. How, she is

D. What, she is

15. Mary went to bed early, ____ she felt very tired.

A. or

B. so

C. for

D. yet

16. Mother ____ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. was making

B. makes

C. is making

D. made

17. He lay in bed ____ read something borrowed from library.

A. but

B. and

C. or

D. yet

18. ---- I’d really like some lunch but I have so much work to do.

---- ____ what you want and I can get it for you.

A. Tell me

B. If you would say to me

C. You will tell me

D. If you tell me

19. As he is strong, ____ can lift one hundred pounds.

A. yet he

B. but he

C. and

D. he

20. ---- I thought you had an umbrella. ---- I had, ____ I’ve lost it.

A. since

B. but

C. because

D. so

21. ____ down the radio ---- the baby’s asleep in the next room.

A. Turning

B. To turn

C. Turned

D. Turn

22. ---- I don’t like ch icken ____ fish. ---- I don’t like chicken ____ I like fish very much.

A. and, and

B. and, but

C. or, and

D. or, but

23. ---- Would you like to come to dinner tonight? ---- I’d like to, ____ I’m too busy.

A. and

B. so

C. as

D. but

24. Would you like a cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?

A. and

B. then

C. or

D. otherwise

25. She set out soon after dark ____ home an hour later.

A. arriving

B. to arrive

C. having arrived

D. and arrived

26. “Can’t you read?” Mary said ____ to the notice.

A. angrily pointing

B. and point angrily

C. angrily pointed

D. and angrily pointed

27. She thought I was talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.

A. whom

B. where

C. which

D. while

28. ____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.

A. When left

B. Leaving

C. If you leave

D. Leave

29. ---- Alice, you feed the bird today, ____? ---- But I fed it yesterday.

A. do you

B. will you

C. didn’t you

D. don’t you

30. ____ him and then try to copy what he does.

A. Mind

B. Glance at

C. Stare at

D. Watch

四、按要求完成下列句子：

1. He dares to tell the truth.（改为否定句）

2. They have lived here for more than ten years.（对画线部分提问）

3. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month, ____________?（完成反意疑问）

4. You must be careful with your pronunciation.（改为祈使句）

5. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句)

6. It is an interesting story.（改为感叹句）

7. This magazine comes out（出版）every other week.（对画线部分提问）

8. They could hardly believe his words, ____________?（完成反意疑问）

9. The moon is shining brightly.（改为感叹句）

10.Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English in class. （

Practice 1判断以下是否是句子

1. Birds can fly

2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday

3. Wait for me at the station

4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh

5. A way of saying “I’m sorry”

6. Patting the stomach before a meal

7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store.

第二节完形填空

A

July 4 is the birthday of the United States of America. Since 1776, people have 36 the Independence Day holiday every year.

What do people 37 on Independence Day? Many colorful and interesting things. They have fireworks shows in the evenings and sing songs. Some families organize picnics with barbecues (烧烤). Kids can 38 much delicious food like hotdogs.

And these parties are a good time to dress up. Some kids make July 4 hats 39 the stars and stripes(星条) of the country’s flag on them. And Independence Day is in summer. Many kids use stars and stripes fans to keep themselves 40 .

It’s a great day, but no one forgets that it’s41 too. US people are proud of their 42 and proud of what the founders did for it. On Independence Day everyone gets the chance to show it.

36. A. spent B. celebrated C. decorated

37. A. do B. make C. give

38. A. smell B. sell C. eat

39. A. for B. with C. at

40. A. hot B. warm C. cool

41. A. funny B. serious C. boring

42. A. country B. school C. home

B

One day an old man went into a cafeteria (自助餐厅) to eat in America for the first time. He sat down at an empty table and waited for 43 to take his order. Of course nobody did. Finally, a woman with a plate full of food sat down opposite him and told him how a cafeteria 44 .

“Start out at that end,” she said. “Just go along the line and45 what you want. At the other end they’ll tell you how much you have to pay.”

“I soon learned that’s how everything works in the US,” the old man later told a fr iend. “46 is a cafeteria here. You can get anything you want 47 you are willing(自愿的) to pay the price. You can even get success, but you’ll never get it if you wait for someone to 48 it to you. You have to get up and get it yourself.”

49 , life everywhere is like a cafeteria. Don’t wait for things to happen to you. Success lies in your own 50 .

43. A. his friend B. his wife C. a stranger D. someone

44. A. worked B. painted C. repaired D. planned

45. A. send out B. give out C. pick out D. look out

46. A. School B. Life C. Office D. Company

47. A. if B. because C. though D. until

48 A. carry B. lend C. move D. bring

49. A. In peace B. In the end C. In fact D. In a hurry

50. A. work B. hands C. opinion D. books

第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

A

On the night of May 9, 2011, musician Gao Xiaosong ran his car into three other cars in Beijing.

But it wasn’t just a car accident—he was drunk(喝醉的).

Now, Gao has to go to prison (监狱) for six months and pay a 4,000 yuan fine.

Gao is the first star to be punished under China’s new drunk driving law.From May 1 on, drunk drivers will pay a fine, and be banned from driving for five years or even forever. Drunk driving has become a serious social problem in China.According to the Ministry of Public Security (公安部), police caught more than half a million drunk drivers last year, a 68 % increase from 2009.

The new law sees drunk driving as a crime.In the West, drunk driving is also a crime. In the US, for example, if the police catch a drunk driver, the driver will pay a fine, lose his or her license (驾照) and even go to prison. If the driver wants to drive again, he or she must do public service, and take part in educational programs.

You may think: drunk driving is a crime? Isn’t this law too unkin d? But experts say: not at all. “It is to protect people’s rights to life and health,” Li Gang, lawyer in Chengdu, told China Daily. “Drunk driving is very dangerous. No matter what the results are, it should not be allowed.”

51. Mr. Gao ran his car into three other cars because _________.

A. he went home too late

B. he drank too much wine

C. the road was too crowded

52. What does the und erlined word “fine” in the third paragraph refer to(指)?

A. Health.

B. Weather.

C. Money.

53. When did the new law come into use?

A. May 1, 2010.

B. May 1, 2011.

C. May 9, 2011.

54. What do experts think of the new law?

A. Drunk driving is a crime.

B. The law is not kind to drunk drivers.

C. Driving has become a serious problem.

55. Which of the following sentence is TRUE?

A. Li Gang from Chengdu doesn’t like the law.

B. In the US, drunk drivers will only lose their licenses.

C. There were more drunk drivers in 2010 than in 2009.

B

Alexis Rocha is a 13-year-old boy from California, US. He weighs 147 pounds (67 kg).

But six months ago, he weighed more than 202 pounds (91 kg). How did he lose all that weight in only half a year?

“One day, I was surprised to find that I weighed about 200 pounds,” Rocha says. “I thought I had to do something.”

Rocha is from a boxing (拳击) family—his father and two older brothers are professional boxers. So he decided to start boxing. He began with simple exercises, like sit-ups and push-ups (俯卧撑). Then Rocha started jogging(慢跑). “No kid likes running,” he says. “I don’t want to do it, either, but I have no choice but to keep on.”

Months later, Rocha joined a boxing club in his city. He is always the first kid at the club to begin exercising, and the last to leave with sweat (汗水) on his face. Every day he boxes for about three hours.

“Rocha works very hard,” says his coach, Hector Lopez. “It’s surprising to see him lose the pounds so quickly. I’ve never seen anything like this in my 20 years of coaching.”

Rocha is very happy with his weight now. There is a family photo in his room from 18 months ago. “Each time I look at the photo, I laugh at myself. I was so big back then,” Rocha says. “I look 100 ti mes thinner and 1,000 times stronger now.”

56. How much weight did Rocha lose in six months?

A. At least 24 pounds.

B. At least 30 pounds.

C. At least 55 pounds.

57. Rocha said he had no choice but to keep on running because_______.

A. he liked running very much

B. he wanted to be thin and strong

C. he wanted to be a professional boxer

58. What makes Coach Hector Lopez surprised?

A. Rocha lost weight so quickly.

B. Rocha was so fat 18 months ago.

C. Rocha comes from a boxing family.

59. What’s the correct or der of the following sentences?

a. He did some sit-ups and push-ups.

b. He lost the pounds quickly.

c. He joined a boxing club.

d. He began running.

f. He boxed for about three hours every day.

A. a-d-c-f-b

B. d-a-f-c-b

C. a-d-f-c-b

60. The writer mainly wants to tell us _______.

A. Rocha is a hardworking boy

B. it is important to get exercise

C. everything is possible if you work hard

C

A lot of teenagers are good at art at school, but how would you feel if people called you

“the new Picasso(毕加索)” or if presidents and other famous people collected your paintings? Alexandra Nechita was ten when her paintings became famous all over the world. She visited Britain, France, Italy, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and her f amily’s native place (祖籍) Romania where 5,000 fans came to see her at the airport. Alexandra said, “When it all started, I was moved. It was very exciting and I loved the traveling, but I got very tired. And I missed home.”

Alexandra is a good student. Her studies always come first. She only starts painting after she’s done her homework. She works on two or three paintings at a time. The paintings sell for thousands and Alexandra’s parents have given up their jobs to work for their daughter. Life for the Nechita family is very different from what it was like a few years ago.

Alexandra’s father Niki left Romania for political reasons in 1985. At first he tried his best to learn English and had different kinds of low-paid jobs. In 1987, he brought his wife and Alexandra, who was then 18 months old, to America. The family was very poor. Alexandra began to draw at the age of three.

She was drawing for four or five hours a day. Soon people offered to buy her paintings and she had her first art show at the age of eight. Stories about this child appeared in the newspapers and television. They now live in a large house with a swimming pool. Her mother said, “We started without anything, but thanks to Alexandra, we have everything we ever dreamed of.”

61. Alexandra became well-known all over the world for her paintings at the age of _______.

A. 18months

B. three

C. eight

D. ten

62. Which country does Alexandra live?

A. America.

B. Britain.

C. Romania.

D. France.

63. Alexandr a’s painting _________.

A. took her a lot of time at school

B. made her drop out of school

C. didn’t influence her studies at school

D. made her fall behind others in studies at school

64. When her family arrived in America in 1987, _________.

A. their life was very hard

B. they lived by selling Alexandra’s paintings

C. Alexandra began to draw her painting

D. her parents left their jobs and worked for her

65. From the passage, we can learn ________.

A. Alexandra was not interested in travelling

B. Alexandra’s success changed her family’s life

C. Alexandra’s parents were good at English

D. Alexandra’s stories appeared often on the radio and TV

小学语文划分句子成分

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4.Doing the work is hard for him. 5.To see is to believe. 6.The rich should help the poor. 主语在哪里？ 1. Tom didn't finish his homework. 2. She wants to be a doctor. 3. Taking a walk is good for your health. 4. To clean the window is your duty. 5. Six is a lucky number. 6. The young should respect the old. 二．谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态，位于主语之后。一般由动词或动词短语充当谓语。 谓语 注：主谓要一致。 1.They are working in a field. 2.He looked after two boys.

3.They can speak English well. 4.I love China. 5.She has finished her task. 谓语在哪里？ 1. We study English. 2. He is singing a song. 3. We should help the disabled. 4. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 5. I want a ticket. 三. 宾语（object） 表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1.Can I ask some questions? 2.He is looking at the dog. 3.I bought a computer last week. 4.I like you. 宾语在哪里？ 1.I like China. 2.He hates you. 3.We need two. 4.We should help the old.

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南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。 主语谓语（动词+补语+定语+宾语） 我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>北京。 主语谓语（状+动+补+宾） （2）形容词性词语也经常做谓语。例如： 太阳‖热烘烘的。 主语谓语（形容词+的） 人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。 主语谓语（形容词+补语） 说话‖[要]简洁<些>。 主语谓语（状语+形容词+补语） （3）主谓短语做谓语。例如： 这件事‖大家都赞成。 主语谓语（主谓短语） 任何困难‖她都能克服。 主语谓语（主谓短语） 大家的事情‖大家办。 主语谓语（主谓短语） （4）名词性词语做谓语。这种情况很少见，有一定的条件限制。可参考文言文中的判断句。例如：鲁迅‖浙江绍兴人。 主语谓语（名词短语） 明天‖教师节。

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(完整word版)句子成分及句子结构

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2020高考英语新创新一轮复习语法第三部分第一讲学会划分句子成分为理清句式奠基学案(含解析)北师大版

第三部分理清常用句式 第一讲学会划分句子成分，为理清句式奠基句子不清、理解不明，一见长难句就发懵，皆因句子成分没划清。划分句子成分、拆分长难句是正确理解、应用复杂句式的必备手段，所以在学习句式之前，先给同学们补上欠缺的这一课。 句子有若干个组成部分，分别承担着不同的作用，这些组成部分叫作句子成分。英语中的句子成分分为主语(Subject)、谓语(Predicate)、宾语(Object)、表语(Predicative)、定语(Attribute)、状语(Adverbial)、补语(Complement)和同位语(Appositive)。 一、主语——习惯于发号施令，偶尔也会被赶下台 在句子中，主语是谓语所表示动作或状态的执行者。主语一般位于句子开头，且不能省略。但在某些特定的句式里，如：疑问句、倒装句、祈使句、感叹句等，句子主语也可以“下台”而位于谓语动词之后或省略。能够充当主语的主要有名词(短语)、主格代词、数词、动名词(短语)、动词不定式(短语)和从句等。当主语为从句时，为避免头重脚轻，可用it作形式主语。 The patient's family have expressed their gratitude to the press in letters for the money raised.(名词作主语) Studying English is very important.(动名词短语作主语) It's obvious that he was wrong.(代词it充当形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语) 二、谓语——坚决服从主语“领导”，执行命令雷厉风行 谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、状态或具有的特征，常位于主语之后。谓语可由动词和动词短语、系表结构以及“助动词/情态动词＋实义动词”充当，有时态、语态和语气的变化，同时又受到主语人称和数的制约。判断的依据是看主语和动词之间的关系，如果两者之间是主动关系就用主动语态，如果是被动关系就用被动语态。谓语的构成如下：1．简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。 The sun rises in the east. 2．复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成；(2)由连系动词加表语构成。 They must have finished their tasks. Mr Chen is my English teacher.

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2020年高中英语外研版一轮复习综合素质提升学案：必修1 Unit 1 第一讲 句子成分

第一讲句子成分 一、主语、谓语 温故——考一考 说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分 1．①Class ②begins at eight. 答案：①主语②谓语 2．①The_teachers ②are_having a meeting. 答案：①主语②谓语 3．At five o'clock, ①they ②left. 答案：①主语②谓语 4．①Put_up your hand if you ②have any questions. 答案：①谓语②谓语 5．①Smoking ②does harm to your health. 答案：①主语②谓语 6．There ①is ②a_pen on the desk. 答案：①谓语②主语 7．①Who ②teaches you maths, Xiao Hua? 答案：①主语②谓语 8．①This_story ②happened in London. 答案：①主语②谓语 9．①The_rich ②should_help the poor. 答案：①主语②谓语 10．This weekend, ①some_of_us ②are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers. 答案：①主语②谓语 知新——讲一讲 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。 1．主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者。主语通常由名词、代词等充当(主语有时是动作的承受者，这时谓语应用被动语态)。例如：The students are listening to me carefully. 学生们在认真听我讲课。

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（1）_________动词可单独作谓语 （2）_________ 动词和_________ 动词需要和实义动词一起构成谓语。 （3）连系动词和表语一起构成谓语。 【答案】实义；情态，助 三、宾语：表示动作涉及的对象或承受者，一般放在_________或_______后面。 She has a very pleasant smile. 她笑得很灿烂。 I think (that) he is fit for his office. 我认为他适合这个职务。 Lend me your dictionary, please. 请借给我你的词典。 【归纳】宾语常由_____词、代词、动名词、不定式或相当于名词的词组和___________等充当。 【双宾语】直接宾语与间接宾语 有些动词可带有两个宾语，其中一个指物sth（直接宾语），另一个指人sb（间接宾语）。 v+sth+sb 动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物） He lends me a book. He bought me a big house. You teach me English. 【答案】动词，介词；名，从句 四、宾语补足语：对宾语进行补充说明的成分。句式结构：V.+ 宾语+ 宾补 My parents ask me to study hard. 我父母要求我努力学习。 They painted their boat white. 他们把船漆成白色。 I will keep everything clean. 我会保持一切干净。

初中语文句子成分划分练习及答案

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(7)这种魅力，就是使我终生能够在实验室里埋头工作的主要因素了。 (8)理想中的女儿应该是个淑女。 (9)荔枝林深处，隐隐露出一角白屋。 (10)隔了几天，二妹从虹口舅舅家里回来。 (11)勤劳勇敢的中华民族几千年来创造了光辉灿烂的文化。 (12)我国桥梁事业的飞速发展，表明了我国社会主义制度的无比优越。 (13)汽车在望不到边际的高原上奔驰。 (14)写文章是交流思想、传播经验的一种方法。 (15)一个人在学习过程中有若干主要的关节。 (16)他们是一切伟大人民的优秀之花。 (17)赵州桥高度的技术水平和不朽的艺术价值，充分显示了我国劳动人民的智慧和力量。 (18)赵州桥的设计完全合乎科学原理。 (19)统筹方法是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。 (20)一切活的生物都离不开食物。 (21)我应该感谢这些我不知道姓名的人家的灯光。 (22)日华和月华大多出现在高积云的边缘。 (23)天空被暗灰色的云块密密层层地布满了。 (24)那些模样最像武士脸形的蟹就得天独厚地生存下来。 (25)那时候，他们根本没有注意人与人之间的错综复杂的阶级关系。

中学语文6种句子成分分析看懂句子结构

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下面我们进行一一分析 一、主语 多表示人或事物，是句子里被陈述的对象，在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。例如： （1）今天晚上‖ 特别冷。 主语（偏正短语）谓语 （2） [明天这个时候]，我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。 状语（时间）主语（代词）谓语 以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。例如： （1）笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。 主语（动词）谓语 （2）公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。 主语（形容词联合短语）谓语 二、谓语 是用来陈述主语的，能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面。 （1）动词性词语经常做谓语。例如： 他‖[只]答应了<一声>。 主语谓语（状语+动词+补语） 南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。 主语谓语（动词+补语+定语+宾语）

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