初三英语定语从句用法详解及练习

定语从句的用法和精练

一、定语从句的概念

在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。

二、定语从句的关系词

引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。

三、定语从句的分类

根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。

四、关系代词的用法

1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)

The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)

2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:

The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)

The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)

3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:

The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)

Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语) 注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:

This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。

Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。

(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:

This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。

(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:

The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。

(4)关系词只能用that的情况:

a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。

b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?

c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:

This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。

d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:

I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。

e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:

Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?

f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:

There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。

(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:

a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:

What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?

b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:

This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。

c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:

Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。

五、关系副词的用法

(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:

This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。

(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:

This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。

(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:

Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。

I.单项填空。

1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?

-Yes, he’s our headmaster.

A. he

B. who

C. which

D. whom

2. Is this the river _____I can swim?

A. which

B. in which

C. that

D. the one

3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.

A. where

B. which

C. that

D. it

4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?

A. that you bought

B. you bought it

C. that you bought it

D. which you bought it

5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.

A. which agrees

B. who agree

C. who agrees

D. which agree

6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.

A. that

B. it

C. which who

7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate

A. who’s

B. whose

C. that of which.

8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.

A. which; is

B. whom; was

C. who; is

D. who; was

9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.

A. that

B. which

C. where

D. who

10. The world ______ is made up of matter.

A. in that we live

B. on which we live

C. where we live in

D. we live in

Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。

1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.

2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.

3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.

4. The house _____we live in is very old.

5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?

答案：CBCAC ABCCB That ,which ,which ,who ,whom .

初中英语定语从句的用法解析

初中英语定语从句的用法解析 【摘要】定语从句是一种形容词的关系从句。它由关系代词或关系副词引导（1）。初中英语中的定语从句仅限于限制性定于从句，但对初中生来说，定语从句既是一个重点，也是一个难点。 【关键词】定语从句先行词关系代词关系副词 一、英语中的定语从句与汉语中的定语位置不同。 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。英语中的定语从句始终要放在被修饰的词之后，而汉语中的定语则放在被修饰词之前。如： The man who / that I saw at the school gate yesterday is my English teacher. 先行词定语从句 昨天我在校门口看见的那个人是我的英语老师。 二、英语从句中的句型结构比较复杂，有先行词、关系代词或关系副词。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词或关系副词。限制性关系分句和它的先行项的所指意义有着不可分割的联系（2）。关系代词或关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中要充当一个成分。关系代词在句中可作主语、宾语或定语，关系副词在句中作状语。如： I am waiting for the boy who /that is wearing a red coat. （主语） 先行词关系代词 我正在等穿着红色外套的那个男孩。 The dictionary that / which my sister gave me last Sunday is very expensive.(宾语) 先行词关系代词 我姐姐上周星期天给我的那本字典很贵。 The woman is his mother whose name is Linda Brown. (定语) 先行词关系代词 那个是他的母亲，名叫琳达·布朗。 That is the house where my father used to live.(状语) 先行词关系副词 那是我父亲曾经居住过的房子。 三、初中英语中的定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。 1. who指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Yesterday I helped an old man who / that lost his way. （主语） 昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 Mr Wang is the man (who / that / whom )you met in the zoo this morning.(宾语) 王先生就是今天早上你在动物里遇到的那个人。 注意：关系代词who指人,作宾语时，可用whom代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。 2. whose指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。 The boy whose mother is ill is staying at home to look after her today. 其母亲生病的那个男孩今天呆在家里照顾她。 I have a story book whose cover is red. 我有一本封面是红色的故事书。 3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如： Football is a game which / that is liked by most boys. （主语） 足球是被大多数男孩喜欢的运动。 I don’t believe the news which / that Tom won the game. (宾语)

(初三英语)定语从句专项练习及解析

（初三英语）定语从句专项练习及解析 1. I’ve found some pictures of the most interesting place ______ you can visit during the winter holidays. A. where B. which C. what D. that 2. I began to work in Shanghai in the year ________ Hong Kong was returned to China. A. that B. which C. where D. when 3. I still remember the park ________ we first met. A. that B. which C. where D. when 4. There are lots of things ________ I need to prepare before the trip. A. who B. what C. whom D. whose 5. You can’t wake a person ________ is pretending to be asleep. A. who B. which C. he D. / 6. I’ve become good friends in the class ________ speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 7. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together. A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when 8. Jane is one of the students in the class ________ have ever been to China. A. who B. whose C. which D. whom 9. The students in the higher grades ________ I met in a football game are my good friends now. A. when B. which C. who D. / 10. Who is the man ________ is reading a book over where? A. that B. which C. whose D. what 11. “ Get new knowledge by reviewing the old ” is a famous saying by Confucius (孔子) . He was a great thinker ________ words still have a great effect on millions of people around the world today. A. who B. who’s C. whose D. / 12. Do you still remember the day _______we first met? A．on which B. who C. what D. / 答案解析： 1.D 解析:先行词为pictures 是指物的名词，而且在从句中作visit的宾语，应用关系代词引导从句；先行词被最高级修饰。，关系代词只能用that 故选D项。 2.D 解析：先行词year是时间名词，在定语从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when 引导，故选D项。 3.C 解析：句意为“我还记得我们第一次见面的那个公园”。这是一个定语从句，先行词park是地点名词，在定语从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导，故选C项。 4.B 解析：先行词things 是指物的名词，在定语从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that引导，故选B项。

英语语法从句讲解

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1. 在含有主语从句的复合句中, 为保持句子平衡, 常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语从句置于句末. It's well-known that water is indispensable to life.(形式主语) 2. 为保持句子平衡, that引导的宾语从句也常用it代替, 而将真正的宾语从句置于主句句末。这常常出现在主句有形容词或分词作宾语补足语的情况下。 He made it quite clear that he preferred to live here. 3. 从属连词whether和if都作“是否…”解, 但if不可引导主语从句和表语 从句。whether可与or(not)连用, 而if不可以。 I don't know whether (if) she is at home. Whether she comes or not makes no difference. 4. that和what引导名词性从句的区别: that在从句中不充当成分,而what在从句中充当一定的成分, 如主语、表语、宾语等。that可省略, what则不可省。 He always means what he says. She suggested (that) he do it at once. 5. 同位语从句大多由从属连词that引导, 常跟在下列名词后面, 如fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等, that不可省。同位语从句一般用来解释说明这些名词的具体含义和内容。 We are familiar with the idea that all matter consists of atoms. The news that we are invited to the conference is very encouraging.

(完整word版)英语定语从句用法详解

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(完整版)初中英语定语从句讲解教师版

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