考研英语翻译真题练习题整理

考研英语翻译真题练习题整理

要攻克考研英语翻译就必须要练习对句子的拆分解读能力，加强对词汇多义的把握，踩准得分点，最好的方法就是大家多练习对单句的细分解读，日积月累，翻译能力必定提升。凯程网考研频道以真题为例，和大家分享句子的细分解读，从词汇到句式，希望大家多练练。

It tends to ignore, //and thus eventually to eliminate, //many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, //but that are essential to its healthy functioning.

(27 words)

词汇要点：

1) eliminate //v. 排除，消除，根除;淘汰

2) element //n. 基本部分，因素，要素

结构要点：

1) 主句是It tends to ignore, and... to eliminate...;

2) many elements作to ignore, and...toeliminate这两个动词宾语;

3) many elements...that…,but that…是but并列的两个that定语从句

汉译逻辑要点：

1) It tends to ignore中代词it在整个句子的主语部分，最好指代明确。看上文To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided.(总之，一个仅仅建立在利己基础上的保护体系是非常不平衡的)就知道，it应该指的是上文的“这种观点”，或者“这种保护体系”。可以翻译为“这种保护体系往往会忽视…”。

2) many elements in the land community可以直接翻译为：土地群落中的很多因素。但是，“土地群落”，在专业上习惯用“陆地生物群落，陆生群落”。这样一来，elements 就最好不要翻译为“因素”，而是指陆生群落中的“很多物种”。

3) that lack commercia lvalue, but that are essential to its healthy functioning是两个并列的that定语从句，可以翻译到前面去修饰many elements。

4) and thus eventually to eliminate是and并列的不定式短语，做结果状语。Eventually 是“最终”的意思;eliminate是“消除”的意思。可以直接翻译为：因此最终会灭绝。但是，考虑到“忽视”和“灭绝”这两个动词的下文宾语都是后面的many elements(很多物种，诸多物种)。为了突出and thus...这个结果关系，最好先说“这种保护体系往往会忽视诸多陆生群落中的诸多缺乏商业价值的物种”，再翻译“从而最终导致他们的灭绝”。

完整译文：

这种保护体系往往会忽视诸多陆生群落中的诸多缺乏商业价值但对其健康运作至关重要的物种，而最终导致他们的灭绝。

或：这种保护体系往往会忽视，并因此最终消除陆生群落中的诸多物种;虽然这些物种缺乏商业价值，但是对其健康运作却至关重要。

In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, //the non-commercial tree species arerecognized //as members of native forest community, //to be preserved as such ,within reason.(27 words)

词汇要点：

1) ecologically //adv. 生态方面，生态上地

2) species //n. 物种

结构要点：

1) In Europe, where…是where引导一个定语从句修饰Europe;

2) 主句部分是the non-commercial tree species are recognized as...;

3) to be preserved…是不定式短语作定语，within reason是方式状语。

汉译逻辑要点：

1) In Europe, whereforestry is ecologically more advanced是一个where引导的定语从句，修饰前面的地点“欧洲”。按照定语从句翻译方法，可以把where从句部分翻译到先行词Europe前面：在林业生态更为发达的欧洲。当然也可以直接翻译：在欧洲，其林业在生态上更加发达。

2) non-commercial tree species可以直接翻译为“没有商业价值的树种”，或者“非经济类林木”，其实就是汉语习惯上说的“公益林”。

3) native forest community是“当地深林群落”或者“原始森林群落”的意思，其中community一般翻译为“社区”，这里指生物学上的“群落”概念。

4) to be preserved as such, within reason是to不定式短语做定语，后面再跟了一个within介词短语做状语。其中as such是“本身，同样，如此;像这样，相应地”等意思。

5) within reason是“合理地，适当地”。它是方式状语，修饰前面的to be preserved...，可以翻译到动词to bepreserved前面。

参考译文：

在林业生态更为发到的欧洲，没有商业价值的树种被看成是当地森林群落的成员，同样应该受到适当地保护。

Time was //when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence// that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,// or that they prey only on “worthless species.(30 words)

词汇要点：

1) overwork //v. 工作过度，时间过长;滥用

2) creature //n. 生物，动物

3) preserve //v. 保存，保持

4) game //n. 游戏，运动;猎物

5) prey //v.捕食，剥削

结构要点：

1) 整个句子是一个复合句，主句部分是Time was when…，when引导一个表语从句;

2) when表语从句的主干是biologists…overworked the evidence that…，or that…其中两个that是并列同位语从句，修饰evidence。

汉译逻辑要点：

1) Time was when...是一个主语、系动词、表语结构。可以直接翻译为：当时，有一段时间是...。如果稍微看看上下文会更清楚time was when的内涵。上文说：A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.“有一种相似的情况存在......”。所以，这里的time waswhen...是想指出“在那段时间，相似的情形是...”。我们一般认为time was when是一种非正式用语，它等于there was time when...，翻译为：曾经有那么一段时间。

2) when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence中的核心动词是overwork，如果直接翻译的话是“工作过多，浪费时间过多”。但是考虑到下文是“证据”，最好是“滥

用证据”。

3) 再关注一下翻译的逻辑顺序问题。两个that..., or that...在语法上是两个that引导的同位语从句。所以翻译的顺序最好是，先把下文两个that同位语从句先翻译出来之后，先说“证据的内容”，再来说：“......曾经有段时间，生物学家有点滥用证据”，把两个that 同位语从句提前翻译。

4) that these creatures preserve ...by killing...中核心动词是preserve，后面接一个by 介词短语充当方式状语。所以，汉译基本逻辑安排为：这些生物通过...来保存...。

5) preserve the health of game的翻译，其一，game这个词肯定不能翻译为“游戏”，而是这些生物的“猎物”;所以直接翻译为“保持猎物的健康(状态)”。其二，这里有点令人费解：为什么要“保持猎物的健康”?通过下文，不难看出：这些生物通过猎杀“the physically weak(体质上比较弱的猎物)”，就保留了那些相对“强的”猎物，以保存其食物链上猎物的健康。所以，这个句子可以翻译为：这些生物通过猎杀弱者来保持猎物的健康状态。或者翻译为：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持种群的健康。

6) or that they prey only on “worthless species是or并列的第二个that同位语从句。其中代词they指的是creatures(这些生物)，prey on是“捕食”的意思。这个句子翻译为：这些生物捕食的仅仅是“毫无意义的物种”或者是“没有价值的物种”。原文有引号，直接套用英语的形式，加在汉语上即可。

参考译文：

有一种证据认为：这些生物通过猎杀弱者来保存猎物的健康状态，或者说，这些生物捕杀的只不过是“毫无意义的物种”;曾几何时，生物学家有点滥用这种证据。

或：有证据表明：这些生物杀死体弱者来保持物种的健康，或者说他们仅仅扑食“没有价值”的物种;曾经有段时间，生物学家或多或少滥用了这一证据。

but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting// that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, //regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.

(32 words)

词汇要点：

1) intrinsic //adj. 固有的，内在的，本质的

结构要点：

1) 主句部分是we have ...drawn nearer thepoint of admitting…，后面的that引导了一个宾语从句;

2) that宾语从句的主干是birdsshould continue…，后面的regardlessof…介词短语做状语。

汉译逻辑要点：

1) but we have at leastdrawn nearer the point of admitting中的draw有“向某个方向移动”的意思，draw near是“接近，靠近”。the point是“点;某种程度”的意思。所以we have at leastdraw nearer the point直接翻译为“我们至少更接近了……的这个点，这个度”。

2) of admitting…是一个of短语，修饰前面的“the point”。如果直接翻译，可以是：“但是我们至少更接近了去承认……的这个点”，这个译文有点不通顺，说“接近承认……的这个点”，按照汉语习惯，我们常说：“近乎去承认……”。所以，这样理解起来可以看到draw nearer the point of…其实就是“几乎，近乎，就要”的意思

3) birds shouldcontinue as a matter of intrinsic right是that引导的宾语从句。首先intrinsic这个单词，是“本身的，固有的，内在的”等意思;matter是“东西，事物，情况”等意思。直接翻译为：鸟类应该继续作为一种有固有权利的东西。这个译文稍微有点不通顺，

可以调整为：鸟类应该作为一种有权利的东西继续下去。但是“继续下去”感觉话没有说完，可以补充为“继续生存下去”。其实，考场上可以稍微分析一下上下文，在第一段就出现了“Yet these creatures are members of the bioticcommunity and…”，所以这里的鸟类的固有权利是指其“固有的作为一种生物物种的权利”。这样的话，这个部分就可以翻译为：鸟类应该继续享有其作为一种生物物种固有的权利。或者还可以翻译为：鸟类应该有继续生存下去的权利。

4) regardless of thepresence or absence of economic advantage to us，是一个regardless of…所带的短语做状语。首先，最后一个of后面的economic advantage to us是指“对我们来说，(鸟类)具有的经济价值”。单词advantage，有“优势”的意思，这里把economicadvantage to us直译成“经济优势”，也是可以接受的。而presence or absence则比较简单，字面意思是“出现或者缺失”，下文说的是“这种经济价值的(出现或者缺失)”，所以最好引申为“是否具有经济价值，是否给我们带来经济价值”。

参考译文：

但是，我们至少是更接近了问题的要点，即：承认鸟类应该继续享有其作为一种生物物种的权利，不管它们是否对我们具有经济价值。

或：但是，我们至少近乎承认，无论鸟类能否带给我们经济价值，它们自有生存下去的权利。

On theother hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. (32 words)

结构要点：

1) 整个句子的主干部分是he did not accept…thecharge，其中as well founded是介词短语作补足语，修饰宾语the charge;

2) madeby his critics that…是made分词短语作定语;其中that引导的是同位语从句;

3) while he was…, he had…是that同位语从句里面的while让步状语从句和它对应的主句。

单词讲解：

1) charge//n. 指责，指控;费用

2) critics //n. 批评家

3) well-founded //adj. 有依据的

汉译逻辑要点：

1) 在he did notaccept as well founded the charge这个部分中，需要看到he did notaccept…the charge是主干部分，而as wellfounded是charge这个宾语的补足语，这里由于the charge这个宾语后面还带了一个made分词短语修饰和that同位语从句在修饰，所以，把宾语补足语as well founded倒装到the charge前面去了，正常顺序是he did notaccept the charge as well founded。我们也可以这样来看：he did notaccept…as…。charge意思是“指责，指控”，well founded意思是“有依据的”。整个部分可以翻译为：他认为这种指责缺乏依据。

2) while he was a good observer是一个状语从句，可以翻译为：虽然他是一个好的观察者。但是，“好的观察者”这个汉语不太通顺，可以调整为：虽然他善于观察。he had no power of reasoning可以直接翻译为：他不具备推理能力。所以整个这个部分是：虽然他善于观察，却不具备推理能力。

3) 还要注意到while这个状语从句前面还有一个that引导词，引导的是一个同位语从句，整个同位语从句“虽然他善于观察，却不具备推理能力”是在说明the charge(这种

指责)。而“这种指责”是“一些批评家对他”的指责。汉译逻辑顺序可以这样来安排：另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法缺乏依据的。

完整译文：

另一方面，某些人批评他虽然善于观察，却不具备推理能力，而他认为这种说法缺乏依据的。

Allen’s contribution was to takean assumption//we all share—//that because weare not robots we therefore control our thoughts—//and reveal its erroneous nature. (26 words)

词汇要点：

1) contribution //n. 贡献

2) assumption //n. 假设

3) robot //n. 机器人

4) erroneous //adj. 错误的

结构要点：

1) 主干是Allen’s contribution was to take ….—andreveal…，注意reveal是和take 并列;

2) we all share是定语从句;

3) 两个破折号之间的是that引导的同位语从句，修饰assumption。

汉译逻辑要点：

1) share翻译为“公认，认同，承认”最好;不宜翻译为“分享”，因为we all share 修饰assumption，“我们不能分享假设”。

2) take直接翻译为“拿出”即可;而不宜翻译为“接受，举例”，因为这个假设是大家都认识到的，并且，

3) 这个句子的逻辑是Allen先take“拿出”这个假设，再reveal its erroneous nature;所以，

4) 汉译逻辑可以先说出这个“我们都认同的假设”，再说Allen的贡献。

完整译文：

我们都认为自己不是机器人，因此能够控制自己的思想;爱伦的贡献就在于他拿出了这一假想，并揭示其错误的本质。

或：艾伦的贡献在于，他拿出了“我们并不是机器人，所以能够控制自己的思想”这一公认的假设，并揭示了其错误的本质。

考研英语翻译题型特点及解题技巧

翻译 代词的翻译： 1．直接对应成汉语代词，但前提是译文要通顺。（第一人称、第二人称、第三人称） 2．如果不通顺，则需要指代明确；这时，尽可能用指代到的名词来翻译。可以往前查找，遵循“就近和一致”原则来确定。（第三人称） 3．万不得已可以用“这”“这种情况”“这种说法”“这种观点”等来翻译。（it，this，that） 强调句型： 还原强调部分后直接翻译。 定语从句： 1．前置：把定语从句翻译到它所修饰的先行词前面，并习惯用“的”来连接。 （如果定词从句结构简单，信息负载量不大，翻译的时候前置） 2．后置：（结构复杂，信息负载量比较大，翻译的时候后置，这时可以独立成句，但常常需要重复先行词，或者用代词）后置最常用。 常考动词： add补充说道 maintain坚持认为 contend坚持说 accuse指责validate证明，证实 assert 断言 argue that争论说 人名地名翻译的处理方式： 1．遵照习惯 2．按照音译 3．万不得已抄英语 there be句型： 1．把英语中的状语翻译成汉语后作主语。简称状语变主语。 2．增加“人们”“大家”“我们”等汉语的范指主语。 3．直接用动词“有”“出现”“存在”等开始翻译。 翻译最佳策略：拆分 拆分原则： 1．拆出主句，分清从句 2．拆出主干，分清修饰 拆分点： 连词，引导词，介词，分词，to，标点符号。 ing现在分词短语作定语 短语作定语： 1．分词短语作定语 ing现在分词，ed过去分词 2．介词短语作定语 3．其它短语作定语（形容词短语坐定语和不定式短语作定语）

短语作定语常常翻译到中心词前 标点符号： 1．直接套用；2．一逗到底（多点逗号） 第三人称反身代词，一般指离自己最近的那个名词。 一个名词前面有一个定语在修饰，后面还有一个定语在修饰，这叫多重并列定语。多重并列定语从后往前翻译。 并列结构： 一般指并列的词组、并列宾语、并列谓语等等。 一般可以直接翻译，但常常需要重复并列部分。 比较结构： 1．more…than+num：多余、比……多；more…than+n/v：不仅仅、不止；more…than+adj/adv：非常、很；more…than+can/could：不能；no more…than…=not any more than不……，像……不。 2．as…as像……一样；not so as不像……一样；not so much…as与其……不如。 插入结构： 常常可以直接翻译，但有时候还需要放到整句话最前面去翻译。 倒装结构： 恢复正常顺序后直接翻译。 复习策略： 单词；结构和顺序。 结构和顺序：断句点在哪？断句点的上下文是何种关系？（什么修饰关系、修饰语的起止点、修饰语修饰什么）翻译中汉语的先后顺序如何？指着英语单词说汉语。默写这句英语句子。 被动结构： 可翻译为“使得”“得以”“加以”“受到”“获得”。 翻译的原则是：少用“被”字；首先可以主宾颠倒，其次还能省略“被”字，用“受到”“得到”“加以”“得以”“为……所”“由……来”“是……的”等直接翻译。 状语和状语从句： 状语从句一般可以直接翻译，但常常要把时间、条件、让步和原因状语从句翻译到主句之前，状语的最佳位置是在主语后动词前，时间在前，地点在后。 形式主语的翻译： 常常当固定词组一样，翻译到整句话最前面。 如何做练习：每天20分钟，一句话。

2016考研英语翻译练习真题

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