中科大EPC综合英语考试资料(完整版)

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中国科学技术大学--信息检索作业答案(电子版)

中国科学技术大学 上海工程硕士第八期《信息检索》考试试题 姓名：陶亮 学号：SG15010018 成绩：

第一章息检索及其主要功用 3、你通常利用什么样的文献传播渠道来获取有关文献信息？ 答：文献信息的传播渠道是多种多样的，归结起来有以下三种基本形式： （1）人际传播渠道：是通过人们之间的直接交流，如相互交谈、相互借还或传阅资料、交换意见、参加会议、听课、听讲座等。 （2）组织传播渠道：是通过一定的形式无偿或部分有偿地向社会公众提供文献资料的中介交流形式，如图书馆、档案馆、各类文献情报中心、学校、美术馆乃至教堂等。（3）大众传播渠道：借助于各种传统及现代化手段来传播的一种方式。如通过订阅杂志、购买图书、观看影视作品或网上浏览下载等形式。 以上三种形式各有所长，相互补充，长期共存，各自发挥着独特的功能。在我的日常生活中，上述三种文献传播渠道都有，但人际传播和大众传播是最多的传播渠道。 4、对于信息检索的五大功用，你最有体会的是什么？最不了解的是什么？你认为这五大功用以外还可以总结出来有关信息检索的其他功用吗？（请简介） 答：信息检索五大功用分别为： （1）开阔视野，正确决策：能够及时、系统地了解前人的工作经验与成果，掌握事物最新动态及发展趋势。适时做出正确决策，使所开展的工作取得最快、最有效的进展。（2）提高功效，事半功倍：能节省人们对有用信息进行搜集利用的时间及精力，提高工作效益，做到事半功倍。同时还能培养人们的自学能力、科学研究及鉴赏能力。（3）学习借鉴，推动创新：有利于及时把握各种信息，促进科技发明和发现不断涌现，同时对人们开展终身学习不断提升综合素质、创作出更多、更优秀的成果及文献也具有强大的支持和推动作用。 （4）规避风险，维护权益：可以避免重复劳动、少走弯路、免去低水平复制所带来的损失，使各种科研、经营、生产等活动实现投入少、收效高，还可使人们规避风险，利用知识产权保护法等法律规范，维护自身或单位（国家）的正当权益。 （5）科学评价，把握全局：特别是在科研课题立项、科技成果鉴定、学术水平评价等方面，通过信息检索，有利于客观正确地判别成果水准及新颖性、创新性、科学性。 五大功用中，均比较了解，而最有体会的是开阔视野，正确决策和提高功效，事半功倍。在日常工作和生活中，常会遇到一些新鲜事，常不知如何做，一贯做法是通过百度或查阅文献等方式进行信息检索，查找先人的经验，然后归纳形成自己的想法，使正确决策。此外，通过信息检索还可节省对问题的思考时间，使所开展的工作取得最快、最有效的进展，从而提高工作效率，做到事半功倍。信息检索除了上述五大功用外，还有共享资源，降低成本的功用：通过全面、准确地检索信息，能够及时的获得前人的工作成果，但同时也促进了本信息资源的共享，通过共享资源，让不了解该领域的人更容易获得准确信息，大大降低学习该领域知识的人力物力财力等成本。

专业英语复习资料

1.Types of Business Organization: 1)Sole Proprietorship :an unincorporated business owned by one person 2)Partnership :owned by two or more individuals (called partners) a)Limited partnership——general partners,limited partners 3)Corporation :a legal entity separate from its owners 2、Separation of Ownership and Control (pros and cons)： Pros(赞成的理由): Specialization，Efficiency，Diversify，Going concern Cons(反对的理由)：Four major downsides：agency problem,free-riding problem,increased costs of information https://www.wendangku.net/doc/9512788462.html,rmation asymmetry 3.Overview of Financial Statements balance sheet; income statement;statement of cash flows;statement of retained earnings 4. Statement of Retained Earnings,it shows: the retained earnings balance at the start of the period;how much the firm earned (net income); how much dividends the firm paid;how much net income was reinvested back into the firm (retained earnings);any repurchases of the firm’s stock;any new issues of the firm’s stock; andthe retained earnings balance at the close of the period. 4. Statement of Cash Flow:Operating Cash Flows ，Investing Cash Flows ，Financing Cash Flows 5.Analyzing Financial Ratios Financial ratios are not standardized. Analyzing a single financial ratio for a given year may not be very useful. Some of a firm’s financial accounting practices or choices will affect its financial statements and, finally, its financial ratios. Financial ratios do not provide analysts with all of th e answers about a firm’s condition. 7. Uses and Limitations of Financial Ratio Analysis：while ratio analysis can provide useful information concerning a company’s operations and financial condition, it does have limitations that necessitate care and judgment 1.Risk-return tradeoff Investors will take on additional risk only if they anticipate high return. 2.Time value of money A dollar available today is worth more than a dollar available at a future date. This is because a dollar today can be invested to earn a return. 3.Types of value Going-concern value,Liquidation value ,Book value ,Market value ，ntrinsic value 4.Valuation Approaches discounted cash flow (DCF) valuation，relative valuation，contingent claim valuation，option-pricing models 7.Contractual Provisions of a Typical Bond Par Value,and Coupon Rate,Maturity,Call Provisions,Sinking Fund Provisions,Conversion Rights ,Put Provisions,Indenture,Trustee,Collateral,Bond Rating 1.Introduction to Risk and Return All financial assets are expected to produce cash flows, and the risk of an asset is judged by the risk of its cash flows. Here are two assumptions about risk and return: Assumption (1): The returns from investments are normally distributed.Assumption (2): Investors are risk-averse. The risk of an asset can be considered in two ways: (1) on a stand-alone basis (2) in a portfolio context. In a portfolio context, an asset’s risk can be divided into two components: a,diversifiable risk ;b. market risk.An asset with a high degree of relevant (market) risk must provide a relatively high expected rate of return to attract investors. 4.Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) Assumption 1:The returns from investments are normally distributed.Assumption 2: Investors are risk-averse.Assumption3:Investorsare rational.Assumption4:Investors are price takers.Assumption 5: The Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) holds. 5. Three types of financial market efficiency: allocationally efficient, operationally efficient,informationally efficient 6. Three main factors associated with informational market efficiency The type of information to which the market price reacts,The speed at which the market price reacts to information,The degree to which market participants over-or under-react to information 8. Characteristics of an Informationally Efficient Market Price changes cannot be predicted. The price of the asset is equal to its fundamental (unobserved but true) value.Prices change due to the inflow of new information, and information flows randomly to the market.Therefore, price changes should be random and unpredictable. 10. Modern portfolio theory —Markowitz’s Mean-variance Framework ,Efficient portfolios are those that have: the lowest risk for an expected rate of return; or the highest expected rate of return for a given level of risk.The assets that meet these criteria make up the efficient frontier.

中科大考博辅导班：2019中科大软件学院考博难度解析及经验分享

中科大考博辅导班：2019中科大软件学院考博难度解析及经验分享中国科学院大学2019年博士研究生招生统一实行网上报名。报考者须符合《中国科学院大学2019年招收攻读博士学位研究生简章》规定的报考条件。考生在报考前请联系所报考的研究所(指招收博士生的中科院各研究院、所、中心、园、台、站)或校部相关院系，了解具体的报考规定。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于中国科学技术大学软件学院考博相关内容。 一、院系简介 中国科学技术大学是中国科学院直属的唯一院校，是一所以前沿科学和高新技术为主、科技人文与科技管理兼备的综合性全国名校，为国家教育重点建设的9所世界知名高水平研究型大学之一，在国际上享有较高的声誉。学校力争在2018年建校60周年前后，把学校建设成为“规模适度、质量优异、结构合理、特色鲜明”的世界知名的高水平研究型大学。目前，校本部共有10个学院、25个系和少年班，43个本科专业；一级学科博士学位授权点17个，国家重点学科19个，二级学科博士学位授权点89个，二级学科硕士学位授权点105个，有工商管理（MBA）、公共管理（MPA）和工程硕士3个专业硕士学位授权点；17个博士后流动站，45个博士后流动站专业，具备培养学士、硕士、博士的完整教育体系。其严谨务实的学风、创新探索的精神、高水平级的成果、国际化办学的追求，都使得这所年轻的研究型大学受到国际社会越来越强的关注 二、招生信息 中国科学技术大学软件学院博士招生专业有1个： 085271电子与信息 研究方向：不区分研究方向 三、报考条件 （1）中华人民共和国公民；拥护中国共产党的领导，愿意为祖国社会主义现代化建设服务；品德良好，遵纪守法，学风端正，无任何考试作弊、学术剽窃及其它违法违纪行为； （2）身体健康状况符合我校规定的体检要求，心理正常； （3）申请者原则上应来自国内重点院校或所在高校学习专业为重点学科； （4）专业基础好、科研能力强，在某一领域或某些方面有特殊学术专长及突出学术成果； （5）对学术研究有浓厚的兴趣，有较强的创新意识、创新能力和专业能力；

专业英语复习资料

给出定义： 1.Higher level language A high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In comparison to low-level programming languages, it may use natural language elements, be easier to use, or be from the specification of the program, making the process of developing a program simpler and more understandable with respect to a low-level language. 2.Stateful inspection is a firewall that keeps track of the state of network connections (such as TCP streams, UDP communication) traveling across it. The firewall is programmed to distinguish legitimate packets for different types of connections. Only packets matching a known active connection will be allowed by the firewall; others will be rejected. 3. Personal productivity software 4. Metropolitan area network(MAN) A metropolitan area network(MAN) is a computer network that usually spans a city or a large campus. A MAN usually interconnects a number of local area networks (LANs) using a high-capacity backbone technology, such as fiber-optical links, and provides up-link services to wide area networks (or WAN) and the Internet. 5. Network topology Network topology is the layout pattern of interconnections of the various elements (links, nodes, etc.) of a computer or biological network. In a word network topology is the topological structure of a network. Network topologies may be physical or logical. Physical topology refers to the physical design of a network including the devices, location and cable installation. Logical topology refers to how data is actually transferred in a network as opposed to its physical design. In general physical topology relates to a core network whereas logical topology relates to basic network 6. DBMS database management system (DBMS) is a software package with computer programs that control the creation, maintenance, and use of a database. It allows organizations to conveniently develop databases for various applications by database administrators (DBAs) and other specialists 简要回答问题： 1.Give the definition and examples about computer virus. （这题书上答案不全， 需要网上搜点答案，组织成答案） DE: A computer virus is a computer program that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. The term "virus" is also commonly, but erroneously, used to refer to other types of malware, including but not limited to adware and spyware programs that do not have a reproductive ability. EX: For example, the CIH virus, or Chernobyl Virus, computer worm. 2.Describe the hierarchy of data organization. Data organization involves fields, records, files and so on A data field holds a single fact. Consider a date field, e.g. "September 19, 2004". This can be treated as a single date field (e.g. birthdate), or 3 fields, namely, month, day of month and year.