高考英语一轮阅读理解训练题

云南省曲靖市2014高考英语（阅读理解）一轮训练题（1）及答案

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

A year ago August, Dave Fuss lost his job driving a truck for a small company in west Michigan. His wife, Gerrie, was still working in the local school cafeteria, but work for Dave was scarce, and the price of everything was rising. The Fusses were at risk of joining the millions of Americans who have lost their homes in recent years. Then Dave and Gerrie received a timely gift — $ 7,000, a legacy (遗产) from their neighbors Ish and Arlene Hatch, who died in an accident. “It really made a difference when we were going under financially.” says Dave.

But the Fusses weren’t the only folks in Alto and the neighboring town of Lowell to receive unexpected legacy from the Hatches. Dozens of other families were touched by the Hatches’ generosity. In some cases, it was a few thousand dollars; in others, it was more than $100,000.

It surprised nearly everyone that the Hatches had so much money, more than $3 million — they were an elderly couple who lived in an old house on what was left of the family farm.

Children of the Great Depression, Ish and Arlene were known for their habit of saving. They thrived on (喜欢) comparison shopping and would routinely go from store to store，checking prices before making a new purchase.

Through the years, the Hatches paid for local children to attend summer camp when their parents couldn’ t afford it.“Ish and Arlene never asked if you needed anything.” says their friend Sandy Van Weelden, “They could see things they co uld do to make you happier, and they would do them.”

Even more extraordinary was that the Hatches had their farmland distributed. It was the Hatches’ wish that their legacy — a legacy of kindness as much as one of dollars and cents —should enrich the whole community (社区) and last for generations to come.

Neighbors helping neighbors —that was Ish and Arlene Hatch’ s story.

1. According to the text, the Fusses ________.

A. were employed by a truck company

B. were in financial difficulty

C. worked in a school cafeteria

D. lost their home

2. Which of the following is true of the Hatches?

A. They had their children during the Great Depression.

B. They left the family farm to live in an old house.

C. They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.

D. They helped their neighbors to find jobs.

3. Why would the Hatches routinely go from store to store?

A. They decided to open a store.

B. They wanted to save money.

C. They couldn’t afford expensive things.

D. They wanted to buy gifts for local kids.

4. According to Sandy Van Weelden, the Hatches were________.

A. understanding

B. optimistic

C. childlike

D. curious

5. What can we learn from the text?

A. The community of Alto was poor.

B. The summer camp was attractive to the parents.

C. Sandy Van Weelden got a legacy from the Hatches.

D. The Hatches would like the neighbors to follow their examplem]

参考答案1-5 BCBAD

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（2011年安徽省“江南十校”高三联考）

Decision-making can be extremely difficult. Decisionmaking styles are significantly different in different cultures.

In any approach to a problem and in any negotiations, the Western world turns to the" I to you" approach while Japan, the "you to you" approach. The former means both sides present their arguments openly from their own point of view. Naturally, often comes a confrontation(冲突)situation, which the Westerners are very skillful in dealing with. The latter is based on each side trying to understand the other person’

s point of view. Thus, the direction of the meeting is a mutual(相互的)attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony.

Besides, Western decision-making goes mostly from top management and often does not consult middle management or the workers. However, in Japan great consideration is given to the thoughts and opinions of everyone at all levels. Based on "bottom-up direction", ideas can be created at the lowest levels, travel upward through an organization and have an effect on the final decision.

Difference in decision-making also comes from different communication styles. The Japanese business person works to achieve harmony, even if the deal falls through. and will spend whatever time is necessary to determine a "you to you" approach, communicating personal views only indirectly. They put a thorough job above the Western deadline approach. So the Japanese is thorough in their meetings. Thus Americans are often annoyed by the many meetings in many Japanese businesses. But where the American is pressing for a specific decision, the Japanese is trying to think up a rather broad direction.

On the other hand, once a given agreement is made, it is the Japanese who sometimes wonders at the slow pace in which the Westerners carry out the decision. The Japanese is eager to move forward and the Westerners, perhaps, lag(落后于)behind as they take the time for in-depth planning.

(1)A Japanese business bases its decision________________.

A. on top-down direction

B. on nothing but its workers’ views

C. on bottom-up direction

D. only on its top leaders’ opinions

(2)The text mainly tells us that Japan and the Western world_________.

A. face great difficulty in making decisions

B. are different in decision making styles

C. have all members contribute to a decision

D. have two approaches："I to you" and" you to I"

(3)Which of the following is TRUE of the Westerners?

A. They carry out the decision once it is made.

B. There are many meetings in their businesses.

C. They work to achieve harmony in doing business.

D. They are good at handling confrontation situation.

(4)The author’s attitude towards Japanese decision-making is_________.

A. positive

B. critical

C. negative

D. casual

【解析】这篇文章讲述了日本和西方世界决策风格的差异。

(1)C细节理解题。由文章第三段第二句和第三句内容可知C项正确。

(2)B主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是文章第一段的内容可知，本文主要介绍的是日本和西方世界决策风格的差异。

(3)D正误判断题。由文章第二段第三句可知，西方人在处理冲突方面很擅长。

(4)A作者态度题。由文章第二段最后一句中的"a mutual(相互的)attempt to reduce confrontation and achieve harmony'。以及最后一段内容可以推测出作者对日本的决策方式持肯定的态度。

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【典例探究】

（2010·山东卷·D）

Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.

“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”

Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanreal systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear batteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.

“People hear the word ‘nuclear’ and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclea r power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”

His new idea is not only in the battery’s size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwon’s battery uses a liquid semicond ucto r rather than a solid semiconductor.

“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semic onductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”

Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the battery’s p ower, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.

【文章大意】

本篇为科普短文，介绍由美国密苏里大学研究者所开发的核能电池的情况。

71. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?

A. He teaches chemistry at MU.

B. He developed a chemical battery.

C. He is working on a nuclear energy source.

D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.

72. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_________.

A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied.

B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.

C. to describe a nuclear-powered system.

D. to introduce various energy sources.

73. Liquid semiconductor is used to _________.

A. get rid of the radioactive waste

B. test the power of nuclear batteries.

C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries

D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.

74. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _______.

A. uses a solid semiconductor

B. will soon replace the present ones.

C. could be extremely thin

D. has passed the final test.

75. The text is most probably a ________.

A. science news report

B. book review

C. newspaper ad

D. science fiction story

【答案解析】

71. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient及第三段的叙述可知，Kwon在研究一种核能电池，所以C项正确。

72. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知Kwon举例的目的是为了说明核能电池是安全性。

73. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid se miconductor,”及“By using a liquid semiconductor,

we believe we can minimize that problem.”可知，通过使用液态半导体材料，可减少对晶体结构的破坏。

74. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair可知C项正确。

75. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文讲述了Kwon的原子能电池的有关情况，文章体裁应属于科普文章，所以A项正确。

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