固态照明：美国未来能源解决方案

Solid-State Lighting Brilliant Solutions for America’s Energy Future

T oday, our nation is facing the urgent challenges of revitalizing our economy, strengthening our energy security, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Solid-state lighting is an emerging technology with the potential to address all three of these challenges.

Solid-state lighting (SSL) will mean greener homes and businesses that use substantially less electricity, making them less dependent on fossil fuels. In the coming decade, SSL will become a key to affordable high-performance buildings—buildings that consume less energy and produce fewer greenhouse gas emissions than their counterparts.

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is committed to realizing the full potential of energy-efficient technologies such as solid-state lighting in meeting our nation’s challenges. With the cooperation of the Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance (NGLIA), and as directed by the Energy Policy Act

of 2005, DOE is the lead federal agency for all research, development, and market support efforts to systematically accelerate this groundbreaking technology.

The Lighting Revolution

Solid-state lighting has the potential to Energy-efficient solid-state lighting is a smart strategy for reduce lighting energy use in the United reducing our nation’s carbon footprint. It will save money States by nearly one half.

for homeowners and businesses and deliver superior performance while reducing consumption of fossil fuels.

With the promise of being more than ten times as

efficient as incandescent lighting and twice as efficient How can our nation realize the full benefits as fluorescent lighting , light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and of solid-state lighting?

organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) will change the way we light our homes and businesses.

Despite rapid advancements in solid-state lighting technology, the SSL market remains in its infancy.

Users will benefit from the superior features of solid-state lighting (SSL) products:

? How can the remaining technical and design barriers

? Low power consumption ? Digitally controllable be overcome?

? Ultra-long source life ? Able to withstand strong

? How can we ensure that solid-state lighting products live

? Low maintenance vibrations

up to their potential for quality and energy efficiency?

? No UV or IR radiation

? No mercury content

? How can the U.S. establish a distinct global lead in the

production of quality SSL products?

The benefits to our nation will be even more dramatic. By 2030, solid-state lighting could potentially reduce national Together with a wide array of industry partners, DOE lighting electricity use by nearly one half —the annual is tackling these issues in its research, development, equivalent to saving:

and market support program —charting a pathway for

successfully moving solid-state lighting from the laboratory ? 300 terawatt-hours

to the marketplace. The program also addresses strategies ? $30 billion (in today’s dollars)

for enabling globally competitive manufacturing of solid-? Output of fifty 1,000-megawatt power plants

state lighting here in the United States, creating new job ? Greenhouse gas emissions equivalent to 40 million cars

opportunities.

DOE’s Pathway to Success with Industry

There is a window of opportunity to establish the United States as a global leader in solid-state lighting technology, retaining intellectual property rights, high-tech value-added jobs, and economic growth for the nation.

Th e LED Lighting Facts product list is a web-based, searchable tool that

summarizes verified data, equipping buyers to make informed decisions about the best products for their applications.

Establishing the foundations for successful market introduction

The number of market-ready LED products grows daily. Some perform very well, but the quality and energy

efficiency of today’s LED products vary widely. One reason for the variation is the blistering pace of technology advancement, with new generations of LED devices

becoming available approximately every four to six months. To lay the groundwork for buyer satisfaction and successful product introductions in the rapidly evolving solid-state lighting marketplace, DOE’s program incorporates field

demonstrations, third-party testing and reporting, technical support for standards development, education elements, and design and technology competitions. DOE is also working with partners to identify conditions needed for successful U.S.-based manufacturing of solid-state lighting.DOE’s GATEWAY demonstration program showcases high-performance LED products in general illumination

applications—ranging from streets and roadways, to parking lots and garages, to private homes, to grocery freezer

cases, to museums and hotels. Results are shared to provide real-world experience and data on product performance and cost effectiveness, which enable users to evaluate and refine their lighting requirements before making large-scale purchasing decisions. Demonstrations are also conducted through the Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting

Consortium , established by DOE to help cities and other LED street lighting buyers make better, more informed

purchase and installation decisions. The Consortium collects, analyzes, and shares technical information and experiences related to LED street and area lighting demonstrations, enabling participants to tap into a vast body of field data and knowledge.

Product testing—conducted through DOE’s CALiPER

program (Commercially Available LED Product Evaluation and Reporting)—is an essential element in the emergence of a high-quality LED product market. CALiPER publicly tests LED products and compares their performance to both the manufacturer’s claims and conventional products,

Next Generation Luminaires 2012 Indoor Competition Winners

‘H-Series’ by Albeo

Technologies Inc.

‘MBW2 LED’ by Intense Lighting

‘ST Series’ by Lithonia Lighting

Photos courtesy of the manufacturers.

with nearly 600 products tested to date. Thanks to these tests, companies are motivated to improve their products. CALiPER testing often detects issues that require further scrutiny, and that might hinder market acceptance. CALiPER analysis guides DOE planning for R&D and market support activities, GATEWAY demonstrations, and the development of credible, standardized testing procedures and

measurements. Buyers and specifiers benefit from objective product performance information, building confidence that solid-state lighting products will perform as claimed. DOE is also paying significant attention to educating industry stakeholders such as retail and wholesale chains, utilities, energy efficiency programs, and lighting specifiers. DOE’s LED Lighting Facts? program requires participating manufacturers to test and report their LED lighting product performance using prescribed standards, to facilitate

accurate product comparison. LED Lighting Facts partners pledge to look for and use products that are registered with the program, and they also benefit from a host of related tools on the LED Lighting Facts website.

While DOE continues to work with industry to drive technology advances forward, these are still the early days of market development for solid-state lighting. Continued R&D and application in a host of real-world operating conditions will reveal the extent of this technology’s potential. With ongoing collaboration, America’s lighting future promises to be brilliant and efficient.

Standards development is another key to successful reflector lamps, and other lighting products, DOE sponsors market introduction. Important differences between LED the L Prize? competition. The competition challenges technology and conventional lighting have created a companies to develop products that set leading-edge gap in the industry standards and test procedures that performance benchmarks for the industry. Unlike other complicates typical product comparisons and ratings. DOE technology competitions, L Prize adds practical elements is collaborating with many standards-setting organizations—beyond production of a product prototype—to deliver including the Illuminating Engineering Society of North energy savings and American jobs, entrants are required America (IES), the Institute of Electrical and Electronics to demonstrate the capacity for mass production, and a Engineers (IEEE), the National Electrical Manufacturers substantial amount of the manufacturing must be done Association (NEMA), Underwriters Laboratories (UL), and in the U.S. L Prize partners (utilities and energy efficiency the American National Standards Institute (ANSI)—to programs) stand ready to promote the winning products, accelerate the adoption of standards for LEDs.

which will represent a significant technology leap forward. With this challenge to industry, DOE aims to substantially DOE also co-sponsors design and technology competitions accelerate America’s shift from inefficient general lighting to heighten awareness and speed market adoption of products to innovative, high-performance lighting. high-performance SSL products. The Next Generation Luminaires TM competition, which concentrates specifically Through a comprehensive market development support on recognizing LED products designed to meet lighting strategy, ranging from demonstrations to consumer demands in commercial spaces, is jointly sponsored by education, DOE and its partners are ensuring that solid-DOE, IES, and the International Association of Lighting state lighting will make the greatest possible inroads in the Designers (IALD).

marketplace and the greatest possible contributions to a greener American energy future.

To spur manufacturers to develop high-quality, high-efficiency SSL products that replace common light bulbs,

The first L Prize was awarded to Philips Lighting North America for their 60W LED replacement bulb.

Photos courtesy of Midwest Energy Efficiency Alliance and Philips .

Definitions

Solid-state lighting (SSL)technology LED luminaire is a complete lighting unit

uses semi-conducting materials to convert or fixture consisting of LEDs (often LED

electricity into light. SSL is an umbrella term packages), driver, and parts to distribute,

for lamps and luminaires that use either position, and protect the light emitting

light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or organic elements.

light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).Luminaire efficacy measures the efficacy Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are based on of the complete luminaire, or fixture, taking

inorganic (non-carbon-based) materials. into account the optics, thermal design, and

An LED is a semi-conducting device that other design factors that impact efficacy.

produces light when an electrical current It is calculated by measuring the total

flows through it.light output of a luminaire, divided by the

amount of power drawn by that luminaire. Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are

It is expressed in lumens per watt (lm/W). based on organic (carbon-based) materials.

In contrast to LEDs, which are small point Source efficacy measures the efficacy of

sources, OLEDs are made in sheets that the light source, separate from the fixture.

provide a diffuse area light source. OLED It is calculated by measuring the total light

technology is developing rapidly, but is still output of a lamp/power supply system,

some years away from becoming a practical divided by the power drawn by that system.

general illumination source.(It does not account for losses caused when

that system is installed in a fixture.) It is LED package refers to an assembly of

expressed in lumens per watt (lm/W).

one or more LEDs, including electrical

connections and possibly an optical

element. The power source and base are

not incorporated into the device.

For more information, visit:

DOE Solid-State Lighting: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a55622568.html,

CALiPER: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a55622568.html,/caliper.html

GATEWAY Demonstrations: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a55622568.html,/gatewaydemos.html

Municipal Solid-State Street Lighting Consortium: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a55622568.html,/consortium.html

L Prize: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a55622568.html,

LED Lighting Facts: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a55622568.html,

Next Generation Lighting Industry Alliance: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a55622568.html,

Next Generation Luminaires: https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a55622568.html,

Printed with soy ink on recycled paper ? January 2013 ? DOE/EE-0865

Cover photos courtesy of (clockwise from left) Juno Lighting Group, Amerlux Global Lighting Solutions, Ryan Pyle, Eureka Lighting