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(完整)初中动词不定式用法讲解

(完整)初中动词不定式用法讲解
(完整)初中动词不定式用法讲解

初中动词不定式用法讲解

动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,又叫非谓语动词,它没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能做谓语;它由“to+动词原形”构成,这里的to是动词不定式符号,本身没有词义,其否定形式常在to前加not;由于它仍保持动词的特点,可以有自己的宾语和状语,还可以带疑问词和由for引出其逻辑主语等形成动词不定式短语;不定式或不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语等句子成分。为使同学们更好地掌握其用法,现总结如下:

一、动词不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时,为避免句子的头重脚轻,常用it作为形式主语,而真正的主语动词不定式后置。如要说明动作的执行者,可在不定式前加for引导的短语;但如果表语是nice, kind, clever等描述动作执行者的性格、品质的形容词时,则应在不定式前加of引导的短语。

常用句型: 1,It +be+adj./n.+(for/of sb.) to do sth.

(用of还是for决定于前面的adj, adj若是指sb.的特性,就用of,adj若是指sth

的特性就用for)

例句:It’s so nice of you to help me with my homework.

你真是太好了,帮助我完成作业。

It’s very difficult for me to do the math homework.

数学作业对于我来讲太难了。

2,It takes sb. some time to do sth.

例句:It takes my mother all day to do the housework.

做家务花了我妈妈一整天的时间。

二、动词不定式作宾语

一些动词,如want, decide, hope, ask, offer, agree, choose, learn, plan, need, teach, prepare等,常接动词不定式作宾语(如want/decide to do sth.等)。当动词不定式作宾语时,如果后接宾语补足语,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后。

注意:有些动词后面可接不定式作宾语,也可接动名词作宾语,所表达的意义也不同。如:(1)stop to do sth.停止正在做的事,去做另一件事;

stop doing sth. .停止正在做的事

(2)go on to do sth. 做完一件事后,继续做另一件事;

go on doing sth.继续做同一件事

(3)remember/forget to do sth.记住/忘记去做某事;(未做)

remember/forget doing sth. 记得/忘记做过某事(已做)

三、动词不定式作定语

动词不定式作后置定语时,与被修饰的名词逻辑上有动宾关系。如果动词不定式是不及物动词时,则要带上与之搭配的介词,构成及物动词短语。

如:have/has +某事+to do

eg: I have so many homework to do. 我有许多作业要做。

enough+名词+to do

eg: It’s difficult enough to do my math homework. 数学作业太难了。

“It’s time to do sth.”

eg: It’s time to go home. 是时候回家了。

四、动词不定式作宾语补足语

有些动词,如tell, ask, want, invite, teach, like, call等可接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,构成tell/ask/want /call/invite sb. to do sth.结构。应注意动词不定式作使役动词和感官动词的宾语补足语时应省去to,在被动语态中应加上to。这些动词可归纳为“一感(feel),二听(listen to, hear),三让(let, make, have,,四看(look at, see, watch, notice),半帮助(help)(即在动词help后面作宾语补足语时,to可有可无)”。另有口诀帮助记忆:“感使动词真奇怪,to 在句中像妖怪,主动句中to离开,被动句中to回来。”(let不用于被动语态)

五、动词不定式作状语

动词不定式作状语主要用来修饰动词,表示目的,结果或原因。为了强调目的,有时可以把动词不定式放在句首,或在不定式前加in order或so as。常用结构有too + adj./adv. + to do sth.等。

例句:I go to bed early in order to get up early in the next day.

我那么早睡觉就是为了第二天能早起。

My little brother is too young to go to school. 我的弟弟太小而不能上学。

六、固定句式中动词不定式的用法

在固定句式中对不定式的考察常见的有:

had better (not) do sth. 最好做(不做)某事。

Would you like to do sth.? 你想要做(不做)某事吗?

Why not do sth.? 为什么不做某事?

Would you please (not) do sth.? 请您可以做(不做)某事么?

七,根据以上六点,中英互译下列句子Homework (全对奖励100积分)

1,你很聪明答对这个问题(clever)

______ ______ ______ ______you ________answer this question correctly.

2, In fact, to learn English well is easy for you.

___________________________________________________________

3, 他总是那么早回家看电视(watch)

He always _____________ early _____________TV.

4, 让他们独自走进教室。(walk)

Let them ______________ the classroom alone.

5, 你最好在九点前完成作业。(finish)

You’d better _______________before 9:00 pm.

6, 为什么不购物呢?(shopping)

________ ________ ________?

7, Mary上周末忘记了做家务。(forget)

Mary _______________________________________ last weekend.

8, 上个暑假,三位青少年主动提出做一些志愿者工作。(offer)

Three teenagers ___________________________ some voluntary work last summer holiday.

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动词不定式用法讲解·优选.

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初中英语语法精讲动词不定式用法(教案)

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