中考复习之时态

中考复习之时态

一，动词的五种基本形式

英语中的动词共有五种形式的变化

原形第三人称单数现在分词过去式过去分词Study studies studying studied studied Live lives living lived lived

英语中的各种时态及语态是用不同的动词形式构成的，有时候还要加助动词。

1，动词原形

动词最基本的形式用在一般现在时（主语不是第三人称单数时）

2，动词的第三人称单数

当一般现在时的句子主语是第三人称单数时，行为动词的一般现在时就用第三人称单数

变化规则

（1）直接加-s 如come –comes like-likes

（2）以s,x,o,ch,sh 结尾的动词加-es 如go-goes do-does watches wash-washes pass-passes

（3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变y为i 加es 如，study-studies 3，现在分词

（1）动词原形后直接加-ing 如work-working read-reading

（2）以不发音的e结尾的动词去e加ing make-making live-living （3）以重读闭音节结尾其末尾只有一个辅音字母的，双写辅音字母再加ing put-putting

（4）少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie 为y 再加ing die-dying lie-lying tie-tying

4，过去式和过去分词

规则变化

（1）动词原形后-ed 如work-worked open-opened

(2) 以e 结尾的动词直接加d 如live-lived like-liked

(3) 以―辅音字母+y‖ 的动词，变y为i 再加ed 如study-studied carry-carried

(4) 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写辅音字母再加ed 如stop-stopped

不规则变化

（1）A BB型

Keep –kept-kept sweep-swept-swept tell-told-told sell-sold-sold

lend-lent-lent

spend-spent-spent say-said-said pay-paid-paid

(2)ABC 型

Break-broke-broken speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen

grow-grew-grown know-knew-known wear-wore-worn

write-wrote-written

(3)AAA 型

Hit-hit-hit cost-cost-cost put-put-put hurt-hurt-hurt cut-cut-cut

一、一般现在时

1.概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。

2.

3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人

称单数形式）

4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are +not+其他; 此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，

则在其前加don't, 如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同

时还原行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人

称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。

6.例句：. She is an English teacher

He isn’t a clever boy

She likes singing /she doesn’t like singing/D oes she like sing ?

I (you /they/we/my parents)like to watch TV../They don’t play

basketball everyday

二、一般过去时

1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、

行为。

2.

3.基本结构：be动词；行为动词的过去式

4.否定形式：主语+was/were +not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原

行为动词。

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，

同时还原行为动词。

6.例句：She often came to help us in those days.

I didn't know you were so busy.

三、现在进行时

1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, etc. look. listen

3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他

4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他

5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

6.例句：How are you feeling today?

He is doing well in his lessons.

四、一般将来时

1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few

minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.

3.基本结构：主语+am/is/are +going to + do+其他；主语+will/shall + do+其他

4.否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+其他

5.一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。

6.例句：They are going to have a competition with us in studies.

It is going to rain.

五、现在完成时

1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去

已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

2.

3.基本结构：主语+have/has +p.p（过去分词）+其他

4.否定形式：主语+have/has + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他

5.一般疑问句：have或has。

6.例句：I've written an article.

The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.

六、过去完成时

1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或

在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即―过去的过去‖。

2.时间状语：Before, by the end of last year (term, month…), etc.

3.基本结构：主语+had + p.p（过去分词）+其他

4.否定形式：主语+had + not +p.p（过去分词）+其他

5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。

6.例句：As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.

By the end of last month. We had reviewed four books

基本结构：主语+had+p.p（过去分词）+其他

①肯定句：主语+ had+p.p（过去分词）+其他

②否定句：主语+ had+ not+p.p（过去分词）+其他

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+p.p（过去分词）+其他

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句

七、过去进行时

1.

2.

3.基本结构主语+was/were +doing +其他

4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他

5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写）

6.例句：At that time she was working in a PLA unit.

When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.

八、过去将来时

1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year…),the foll owing month(week…),etc.

3.基本结构：主语+was/were +going to + do+其他；

主语+would/should + do+其他

4.否定形式：主语+was/were/not + going to + do;

主语+would/should + not + do.

5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；would/should 提到句首。

6.例句：He said he would go to Beijing the next day.

I asked who was going there .

九、现在完成进行时

1.概念：表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动

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