研究生英语精读教程答案(下)分章节

研究生英语精读教程（下）答案

Unit 2

Exercise A

I．Comprehension

1．The distinction between active and passive euthanasia is clear．In the former case，some direct action is taken(for example，lethal injection is given．) to help finishing the patient’s unbearable pain for good，while in the latter，no direct action is taken，merely letting the patient die．

2．The attitude of AMA is somewhat contradictory．First，it states that mercy killing is contrary to what the medical profession stands and also to its own policy．But then it goes on to say that the advice and judgment of the doctor should be available to the patient and／or his family．

3．A lethal injection is one which can“kill”the patient immediately．The author thinks that once the decision not to prolong the patient's agony is made，to give him a lethal injection is the best choice．Otherwise the patient will suffer more rather than less．

4．The most painful thing to do for a surgeon is to stand by and watch a savable baby die because his very duty is to use the scalpel to fight off death．

5．Some people are opposed to all kinds of euthanasia because they believe that all people have the right to live．

6．The author believes that the reason to let the baby die is only an excuse．And the real reason is that the child has Down's syndrome because the operation is very simple．

7．No，killing someone is not morally worse than letting someone die．(An example is omitted．) 8．What the doctor does in active euthanasia is only for humane reasons．In a civil case of killing，however，the person acts from the motive of personal gain．That's the main difference．9．Mercy killing and conventional euthanasia are the same thing，because in both cases the passive part the doctor plays is emphasized．

10．The attitude of AMA in its statement is contradictory．First，it forbids mercy killing, but then it goes on to deny that the cessation of treatment is the intentional termination of life．This is where the mistake is made, for the former is none other than the 1atter．

Ⅱ．V ocabulary

1．C 2．A 3．A 4．B 5．A

6．C 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．D

11．B 12．B 13：D 14．D 15．B

16．C 17．A 18．D 19．A 20．D

Ⅲ．Cloze

1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．C

6．A 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．B

11．D 12．A 13．B 14．B 15．C

Ⅳ．Translation

A．没有一个年轻人相信他是要死的。青春时期有一种永恒的感觉，使我们能自我纠正，适应一切事物。年轻人酷似神仙。虽半生一晃就过去了，还有下半生带着无限的宝藏给我们储备着，因为前程远大，希望无穷。这个新的时代是属于我们年轻人的。“一个远大无边的前景展开在我们面前。”我们环顾周围这个新的世界，充满着生命，活跃和不断的进步；我们自身感到朝气蓬勃，精神焕发，紧跟时代步伐。没有任何征兆会使我们预感到有朝一日，自

己行将落伍，沦入老年，而最终掉进墓穴中去。

B．1．Reading furnishes the mind only with materials of knowledge；it is thinking that makes what we read ours．

2．Houses should be built so as to admit plenty of light as well as of fresh air．

3．There is but one safe way for every young person starting in life，whatever the business may be．

4．When you write an article，be sure to set out the points of your argument carefully．

5．While it seems unlikely that such a radical proposition will pass，the fact means this is an issue we will soon be facing nationally．

6．So what's wrong with the argument that a dying，pain wracked patient should be able to

ask his or her physician for a prescription for a fatal overdose? Practically speaking，the

first place，if pain medication is liberally and properly used，there is virtually no patient

who cannot be kept comfortable with it．Admittedly，in some cases these doses may

have to be SO strong that they will lead to respiratory depression and hasten death．But

the goal of such medication is to relieve pain，not bring about death．So it will be a

crucial problem，if the patient dies from over dose．

Writing

Euthanasia Mercy Killing

Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find．People everywhere in the world are living longer，so that lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death．This has not only brought great agony to the old people and their relatives but also resulted in a lot of social problems．Those who are for “mercy killing”argue that every human being should have the right to die with dignity．Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia contend that the right should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably i11．However，some people believe active euthanasia is

a criminal act and so does aiding a suicide．They take such acts as“a case of barbarism”

unworthy of our civilization．

I think “mercy killing” is different from murdering both legally and morally．We do not

impose death on anyone but seek the individual's right to determine when and how to die．Anyway，people live in the world in order to enjoy themselves and make others happy．So when one's living becomes a burden to others as well as to himself，living loses its meaning．What's wrong with him if the terminally ill wants to relieve himself from its endless pain and sorrow and be more considerate of his close relatives?

Exercise B

I．1．surroundings 2．pledge 3．pet

4．onset 5．fellow 6．paradise

7．orphan 8．utensils 9．pessimist

10．transportation 11．transformer 12．plague

13．inclinations 14．incentive 15．fusion

16．ideology

Ⅱ．1．will quench 2．Massage 3．wither

4．were bugged 5．crooked 6．shrugged

7．salute 8．to propagate 9．narrated

10．be greased

Ⅲ．1．to wink—wink

2．N

3．N

4．(doubt)in——of

5．1egible——more legible

6．(comply)on——with

7．N

8．(an invasion)in—of

9．into—from

10．for—to

11．N

12．In—On

IV．1．in 2．in，which 3．into，if

4．on，of 5．into，of 6．what

7．until 8．of，that，by 9．at，of, that

10．that，for 11．of，as，of 12．in，near

13．at, with 14．since，on，in 15．to，from，of

16．about，which 17．if，so that 18．At，in，under

19．which，to，by 20．on，that 21．of，which，in，as

Supplementary Reading

1．Marie and her daughter Rose were in favor of having euthanasia while Marie's doctor didn't quite approve of it．

2．Because there is sophisticated machinery t0 extend a patient's life，and the real control is in the hands of a tangled bureaucracy．It cannot be decided just by the doctors and the patients．

3．More and more people began to accept the idea of euthanasia．

4．It is a kind of suicide manual，telling a terminally—ill patient how to end his or her life．5．No．refers to death by euthanasia．

6．It is o tell others what medical treatment a patient wants or does not want when he is no longer able to express his wishes

7．No．The sentence rather implies that the hospital may not end a patient's life as he wishes．8．Because he was not sure whether he was doing the right thing concerning a conflict between the two ideals—sustaining life and relieving suffering．

9．It is not easy because of the complicated factors involved such as the voluntariness of the patient and the complex ethics of medical technology．

10．Yes．According to him，how we die is a personal choice，which means he is in favor of euthanasia．

Unit 4

Key to the Exercises

Exercise A

I．Comprehension

1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D

6·A 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．D

Ⅱ·Vocabulary

A·1·D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D

6·D 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．C

B·11·B 12．A 13．C 14．A 15．B

16·C 17．A 18．C 19．C 20．A

Ⅲ．Cloze

1．A 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．C

6·B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．D

11·D 12．A 13．C 14．C 15．B

IV．Translation

A．1969年7月20日，尼尔·阿姆斯特朗成为地球上第一个站在导一个世界上的人。

当时，全世界有7．5亿观众在他们的电视屏幕上注视着那些模糊的图像。在美国人看来，他们在这项振奋人心的成就上所花费的金钱和付出的努力是很值得的。登月探索已赋予美国的科学技术以新的活力，而且给工业和军方带来了无法估计的好处。最惊人的是，仅仅在约翰·F·肯尼迪总统宣布月球探测器为国家优先考虑的项目八年之后，“天鹰号”就登上了月球。

B．1．Nobody believes that seventy—year—old man is credited with being able to jump onto

a moving train．

2．He embraced at once my offer to employ him．

3．His eccentric character has intrigued many biographers．

4．For years Jones kept coming up with new and good ideas．

5．The scene is now set for a direct confrontation between the major powers．

6．The U．S．Space Commission in a report in May，1 986 had proposed for the erection

of a lunar base before 201 7，and a base on Mars before 2027．Since then，the

U．S．National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA) has made the

construction of a stronghold on the surface of the moon and manned flights to Mars as

the target of its future activities and unfolded specialized studies for manned flights to

Mars．

V．Writing

The Dislike for Original，Creative Men in Our Society

In our new society there is a growing dislike of original，creative men．The manipulated do not understand them; the manipulators fear them. The tidy committee men regard them with horror，knowing that no pigeonholes can be found for them. We could do with a few original，creative men in our political life～if only to create some enthusiasm，release some energy--but where are they? We are asked to choose between various shades of the negative. ·The engine is falling to pieces while the joint owners of the car argue whether the footbrake or the handbrake should be applied. Notice how the cold, colourless men，without ideas and with no other passion but a craving for success，get on in this society, capturing one

plum after another and taking the juice and taste out of them. ·Sometimes you might think the machines we worship make all the chief appointments，promoting the humanbeings who seem closest to them．Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache，I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people，all numbered and registered，with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind，a rich personality，on the whole packed globe．The twin ideals of our time，organization and quantity，will have won for ever．

Exercise B

I. 1. inherent 2．planetary 3．tribal

4. pitiable 5．prescriptive 6．illegible

7. integral 8．thrifty 9．pitful

10. transient 11．spiritual．12. Suburban ．

13. portable 14．illogical 15．preliminary

16．Rural

Ⅱ·1·C 2·A 3．D 4．A 5．B 6．C 7．A

8．D 9．C 10．B 11．D

Ⅲ．1．of—with

2．N

3．due to——due

4．in——on

5．with——to

6．(franchise)for——t0

7．N

8．the quickly--the more quickly

9．into——in

10．are—is

IV．1．without 2．of／what 3．that／before

4．above／for／in 5．from／during 6．about

7．Whenever／like 8．at／when 9．into(to)／on

10. at 11．of／that／in 12．for／because

13．with／so that／about 14．that／before 15．for

1 6. that／when 1 7．as[for]／at 1 8．as／against／if／into

1 9．against／to／of 20．When／in

Supplementary Reading

1．F 2．F 3．T 4．T 5．F

6．F 7．F 8．T 9．T 10．F

Unit 6

Key to the Exercises

Exercise A

I．Comprehension

1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．D

6．C 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．B

Ⅱ．V ocabulary

1．D 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．B 6．D

7．A 8．C 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．B

13．B 14．C 15．B 16．A 17．C 18．D

19．B 20．C

Ⅲ．Cloze

1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D 6．A

7．A 8．C 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B

13．B 14．A 15．C

Ⅳ．Translation

A．文化冲击是无准备的客居者浸润在陌生文化中所受的影响。和平队志愿者在婆罗洲或巴西时有此经历。马可·波罗在中国时可能也有此经历。文化冲击是客居者突然发现自己处于一个说“是”可能意味“不”的地方，一个“固定价格”可以商量的地方或一个大笑可以表示愤怒的地方时所发生的情况。每当那些习以为常，有助于个人在社会中正常活动的心理刺激准则突然被取消，而被一些陌生的或不可理解的新的刺激准则所取代时，就出现了文化冲击。

B．1．He did it as much for his son as for himself．

2．Not knowing a foreign language，he felt like a fish out of water among so many foreigners．3．The doctor says he is much the same as yesterday．

4．When I tried to reach him at his office，he happened to be home on leave．

5．We thought she would come for a visit，it seems she is staying for good．

6．In learning a foreign language you should clear away the vocabulary barrier．You should know at least five thousand words by heart，and the more，the better．There is no other way of learning new words except by memorizing them．You young people in your teens or twenties have a good memory，but it will fail you in learning new words when you are over thirty．Memorizing new words requires painstaking efforts，and there is no shortcut here．A new word has to be read many times，encountered frequently and put into use before it is borne in mind．

V．Writing

Future Shock

We all know the term culture shock，which denotes the psychological problems suffered by people who move to live in a culture very different from their own．But have you ever heard of the term future shock? Future shock is a time phenomenon，a product of the greatly accelerated rate of change in society．It is culture shock in one's own society．Culture shock is a mild disease in comparison with the serious malady future shock, Travellers have the comforting knowledge that the culture they left behind will be there to return to，hut victims of future shock do not．Unless we learn to fight future shock，millions of people will find themselves incompetent to deal with their environments．A knowledge of the causes and symptoms of future shock helps explain many

aspects of contemporary life that otherwise could not be explained．Only when we understand the rate and scope of change can we cure future shock．

Exercise B

I．1．maxim 2．scar 3.shipment

4. pessimism

5. perils

6.rotation

7.reconciliation 8.simplication 9. Segregation

10.spectrum 11.narration 12.volunteers

13.sentiment 14. Pensions 15.savages

16.zipper

Ⅱ．1.swreved 2.repeals 3.To screw

4.boycotted

5.are paved

6. initiated

7.pledged 8. are laden 9.would induce

10. to safeguard 11.to retail

Ⅲ．1. N

2. on——to

3. as——that

4. N

5. of——from

6. to——against

7. is——are

8. N

9. specify in——specify

10. has——had

Ⅳ．1．to 2．with 3．to

4．as 5．on, on 6．for, at

7．about, for 8．above 9．for

10．into, which, of 11．If 12．about, of

13．of, by, of 14．with 15．by，that

16．When, to 17．if，in, for 18．to which, of

19．for, or 20．with, for 21．in，of，during

Supplementary Reading

1．D 2．F 3．D 4．B 5．F 6．F 7．D

8．T 9．B 10．T

Unit 9

Exercise A

I．Comprehension

1．B 2．D 3．C 4．B 5.D

6. A 7．D 8．B 9．A 10.C

Ⅱ．V ocabulary

1 A

2 C

3 B

4 A

5 C

6 C

7 A

8 C

9 D 10 D

11 C 12 B 13 B 14 D 15 B

16.C 17 D 18.B 19.C 20.C

Ⅲ．Cloze

1 C

2 B

3 D

4 D

5 A

6 D

7 B

8 A

9 B 10 D

11 D 12 D 13 A 14 B 15 A

IV．Translation

A正如社会组织由简单变为复杂一样，社会用来教育儿童的组筝也经历如此变化，这一点是千真万确的。如果教育要满足新的需求，发展和变革是至关重要的。在非常简单的社会秩序中，让家长对孩子进行教育就足够了。然而，正如以后要仔细阐述的那样，这样的方法可能会变得完全难以支持，而要委托一些专职的人来完成这项任务。这些人最初可能是以私人的方式雇佣的，但是，很快社会组织、教会、村镇以及其他类似的组织将会负责教育。结果，就要求对从事教育的人进行专门培训，也需要建立专门机构来管理培训。这样，像镇、以及后来的州或省这样的地方政府机构的影响也就很必要了。

B. 1. The lack of a thorough grasp of the situation makes it difficult for them to bring matters to a speedy conclusion．

2.The noise was SO faint that it was impossible to be sure what it was or even where it came from．

3·Prolonged exposure to powerful radiant rays caused(gave rise to，led to)the early death of Madame Curie in 1934．

4·When the children saw the great pandas，they were so excited that they could hardly tear themselves away from the cage．

5·All parts of the house other than the windows were in good condition．

6·In the past few decades，many changes have taken place．Better health care is available，and education is no longer reserved for a limited few．Some say the pendulum in child rearing has swung so far toward permissiveness that many children are growing up alienated from society and with no respect for the law or parental authority．

V．Writing

The Admiration of Rock Music

Around the world，young people are spending unbelievable sums of money to listen to rock music．In our country，more and more youngsters have become admirers of rock music．It is very fashionable，especially in big cities．They are keen on collecting the famous stars' records，pictures，anecdotes，etc．They indulge in wearing Walkmans at home，on the bus，and even in the classroom.· There are those who try their best to imitate their music star idols in every way，having the day—dream of winning fame and wealth just like them some day．

Why has rock music become SO popular today? Some people think that rock music has a

special appeal，because no real training IS needed to produce it．There is no gulf between the audience and the performer．Every boy and girl thinks：“I could sing like that". So rock music becomes a new religion，a new form of worship·Young people are glad to pay to worship a rock star. Because it is a way of worshipping themselves．I think the times have changed and so has the scheme of things. Now we enjoy a quick living rhythm，and participating in something fantastic and stimulating．Of ail kinds of entertainments’ rock music is the right thing young people want most．But things will develop in the opposite direction when they become extreme．After all，entertainment is only entertainment．If we are always aware of this everything is all right．Exercise B

I．1．recks 2．perplex 3. have lulled

4．compacted 5．plunged 6.parachuted

7．amplify 8．domes 9. underestimate

10．trifle 11．rebuked 12. prohibited

13．are striving 14．revolving 15.pricked

16．being perturbed 17．be exterminated

Ⅱ．1．C 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．A

7．C 8．B 9．C 1 O．B 11．A

Ⅲ．1．in—to 2.to—for

3．N 4benefit from—benefit

5．to—in 6.win—winning

7．N 8.For—To

9．Excepted—except for 10.N

IV．1.through 2．for, in 3．to

4．At 5．with 6．Without, to

7．By 8．since，from 9．At，for，in

10．if 11．from，to，for 12．Before，on

13．into，by，with 14．by，to，into 15．for，of

16．against 17．When，among 18．in，by

19．in，where 20．in，rather than

Exercise C

I．1．D 2．D 3．C 4．C 5．D

6. C

7.C

8.C 9 A 10.C

Ⅱ．1．E 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．B

6. H

7. F

8. I 9 G 10.J

Supplementary Reading

1．They are spirituals and blues．

2．In and near New Orleans。，

3·They produced what they could hear “singing’’ in their minds．

4. Blue notes—a flattened third and seventh and syncopation．

5. It is composed while the musicians are playing；it is improvised．

6．They created the foundation for what is now called Dixieland．

7．Because the bars and other establishments in Storyville were closed during World War I．8· The rent parties are the parties where money is collected from listeners and used to pay the host’s rent．

9．The Original Dixieland Jazz Band，and it was known as a group of five New Orleans musicians who performed at Reisenweber’s Restaurant in New York early in 1917．10·Jazz has spread and become popular among all classes of people in the USA and jazz musicians instruments come from a1 parts of the world．

Unit 12

Exercise A

I．Comprehension

1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．D

6．C 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．D

Ⅱ．V ocabulary

1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．A

6．D 7．B 8．C 9．C 10．B

11．D 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A

16．A 17．D 18．C 19．D 20．A

Ⅲ．Cloze

1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．D

6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．C

11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．D

IV．Translation

A．87年前，我们的先辈们在这个大陆上创造了一个新国家。它孕育于自由之中，奉行一切人生来平等的原则。现在我们正在从事一场伟大的内战，以考验这个国家是否能长期存在下去。勇士们已经如此崇高地将这一事业向前推进，我们这些还活着的人，

应该在这里把自己奉献于这一他们未竞的事业，奉献于这一伟大的使命，以便不让这些死者白白牺牲，以使这个国家在上帝保佑下得到自由新生，并使这个民有、民治、民享的政府永世长存。

B. 1. Nature endowes her with beauty and intelligence．but she knows that success only comes

from hardworking

2.Though the boss admired his assistant’s ability, he still always prevented him from usurping

his power．

3．All the signs evinced that the only way to take the enemy position is by strategy，not by forceful attack．

4．He knows that for the tenure of his position，he has to act in compliance with his boss’S will．

5．The guerrilla drew the enemy around the big mountains for three months and finally fatigued them into retreat without any fighting．

6．When George Washington became the first President of the United States，there was no permanent capital in which to house the government．During the Revolutionary War, seven different cities had served as the national capital．In addition，the members of Congress could not agree as to where this permanent capital should be located．Some officials wanted it in the North，others wanted the capital to be established within their own state lines．At last it was decided that the capital should occupy a section by itself，separated from any of the estates．This capital city was named Washington，after George Washington．

V．Writing

I firmly believe that both men and women are born equal．And women are certainly as talented as men if they are given equal opportunities of education．Isn’t a fact known to US all that women have been working side by side with men in our country and elsewhere in the world? Like their menfolks，they have been distinguishing themselves not only in research institutes，but in

government bodies and other organizations as well．Either yesterday’ S French Curie or today’ S British Mrs. Thatcher may serve as a telling argument Women are by no means inferior to

men in many respects．Since both men and women are playing an equally important

r01e in all human activities，why should not they be on an equal footing and enjoy equal right accordingly?

Exercise B

I．1．Repression 2．realm 3. chips

4．sump 5·peg 6.parasite

7．repetition 8．initiative 9.fixture

10．republican 11．melody 12. pavilion

13．drawback 14．peculiarities 15.plight

16．Parliament

Ⅱ．

1．rebelled 2．tortured 3．reproached

4．peck at 5．to harness 6．shear

7．be notarized 8．reconditioning 9．was wedged

10．was motivated 11．maximized

Ⅲ．1．against—to

2．of—for

3．N

4．everyone——each

5．possible——likely

6．diving——dives

7．N

8．invaded into—invaded

9．is—was

10．N

Ⅳ．1．to 2．from, at 3．under

4．on，of 5．to，after，on 6．from，that

7．when，into 8．on，by，who 9．to

10．how，for 11．on。which 12．who，like

13．by，by 14．With，for，of

15．From，to，during，of，from 16．of。of。to

17．into，for，from 18．of。that

19．by，of，as，above 20．of。to

Supplementary Reading

1. B 2．D 3.C 4．D 5．A 6．A

7.B 8．D 9．D 10．A 11．C

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研究生英语精读教程（第三版上） Unit 4 B. great regret C. great despair D. great disappointment 2. I have nothing but disdain for such a person. A. respect 3. The grass was interspersed with beds of flowers. A. scattered 4. I am sure disease must propagate in such unsanitary and crowded areas. D. generate 5. There was a meager attendance at the council meeting. B. enough C. ample D. haughty A. negotiation B. punishment 7. We can't rule out the possibility that he will come after all. B. refuse C. accept D. take C. tied to D. shut on 9. We three were the sole survivors in the traffic accident. A. lucky B. fortunate C. blessed 10. I slept through her dull speech. D. imaginative A. letters B. dealings C. writings A. pieces B. slips D. portions 13. The old lady ______ the sweet-smelling flowers into a garland. A. tied C. curved D. twisted B. prudent C. shrewd D. rude A. area B. place C. district A. firing B. lighting D. glowing 17. Sports, and not learning, seem to ______ in that school. A. appear B. occupy 18. Each chess player will have five minutes to ______ his next move. A. hoped C. wished D. wished to B. A word C. Words D. The word Unit 5 1. His beautiful writing is akin to drawing. A. as B. from C. above 2. His knowledge on the subject seems to be on a par with my own. A. different from

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Lesson 1 II. Translation Put the following passages into Chinese. 1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx. There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh... that their long-term future must be considered... very greatly at risk. 因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了凯尔特语、康沃尔语、诺恩语和马恩语等语言的消亡。这些岛上的分地区依然还有很多社区的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对仅存的三种凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，人们一定认为它们遥远的未来是岌岌可危的。 2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguisticism (a condition parallel to racism and sexism). As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default) encouraged or at least tolerated—and certainly have not opposed—the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion. 同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（与种族歧视、性别歧视等类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界里，主要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播，这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。 3.By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat. 总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做是很安全的，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么大的威胁。 4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus. 然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如庞大的交流网络、发达的文字与传媒体系以及强大的文化教育设施。 5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized. 讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。 6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse. 这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。

研究生英语精读教程-翻译

UNIT 1 1. 你对他说的话不能为你这种行为辩护。(justify) 1) What you said to him can hardly justify such conduct of yours. 2. 你认为他会因为同主教的私人关系而免受宗教迫害吗? (immune from) 1) Do you think he would be immune from religious persecution by reason of his personal relation with the Bishop? 3. 你对心理医生的忠告采取什么态度会影响到你是否会再做恶梦。(recur) 1) Your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist will affect whether or not your bad dream recurs. 2) Whether your nightmare recurs depends on your attitude towards the advice of the psychiatrist 4. 乐观主义者成功的秘诀在于他们是用积极的态度对待失望和失败。 1) The secret to the success of optimists is that they deal with disappointments and failures in a positive way. 5. 悲观主义者往往容易失败，部分原因就是一个人对自己的看法常常是一种能够自我实现的预言。(in part) 1) The reason that a pessimist tends to fail is, in part, that a person's opinion about himself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy. 2) Pessimists are likely to fail partly because one's perception of oneself is often a self-fulfilling prophecy. 6. 在幼儿的性格特征没有来得及发展之前，他们的行为不如大多数成年人的行为那样保持一致(consistent)。一个儿童行为的改变，可能表明他的注意力已因其活动特点的不同而转变。他的兴趣总是集中在手头的事情上。个性坚强、兴趣强烈的人能够坚持把自己正在做的事进行下去，只有重大的环境变化才能干扰其行为的方向和目的。 1) In very young children, before traits have had much chance to develop, behavior is less consistent than it is in most adults. A child's changing behavior may show his changing concern with different features of his activity. His interest always focuses on the business at hand. The person with strong traits and interests is able to persist in what he is doing. Only a major situational change can disturb the direction or purpose of his behavior. UNITE THREE 尊敬的编辑同志： 非常高兴中央电视台和贵报举办“我与电视”征文活动。我很遗憾地告诉您我是位残疾人。当您看到我的稿子时，一定觉得我的字迹很乱吧。那是因为我的手不能动，多年来一直叼着笔用嘴写字，这些年来，我用嘴写出了一篇篇文章，一首首小诗。 现在我怀着无比激动的心情把这篇征文寄给您。祝好！ 残疾青年王丽 My respected editor, I am greatly delighted that CCTV and your TV GUIDE are inviting us readers to contribute articles on the subject “Television and Me”. But I regret to tell you that I am a disabled girl. My handwriting is bad you’ll know when reading my manuscript. This is because I’m unable to move my hand, and I can write only with “my mouth”. For many years I grip the pen with my teeth and write the way I do. Over the past years I have “mouth-written”one essay after another, and one poem after another. At this very moment my heart is throbbing with great excitement while answering your call for a report also from me.

研究生英语阅读教程(提高版)课后翻译(带原文)

Lesson 1 1. Yesterday’s terrorism darkened, marked and forever altered the way Americans live their lives. 昨日发生的恐怖主义活动使美国人的生活暗淡无光，在他们的生活中留下了印迹，并永远地改变了他们的生活。 2. “We are going to have to learn what a lot of other countries have gone through: to manage fear at a cultural and national level,” said Charles Figley, a professor of trauma psychology at Florida State University. “We’re getting a lesson in the way fear works.” 佛罗里达州立大学创伤心理学教授查尔斯?费格里说:“我们得学一学其它许多国家曾经经历过的东西，那就是从文化上和在全国范围内来应对恐惧。”他还说:“我们正在体验恐惧是怎样起作用的。” 3. In a country long proud and even boastful of its openness—a country where an ordinary citizen can stroll through the U.S. Capitol unescorted—the terrorist attacks are likely to force Americans to a lot of that. Metal detectors now mark the front door of many government buildings, and security guards are a fixture in the lobby of most large office buildings. 美国是一个一向以开放自豪甚至洋洋得意的国家，在这里，人们可以独自在美国国会大楼中闲庭信步，而现在，恐怖袭击很有可能迫使美国人处处小心，惶惶不可终日。其实我们很大程度上已经是这样了。许多政府大楼的前门装设的金属探测器已然成为一道风景线，大部分的办公大楼里也必备保安。 4. But retaliation carries the risk of setting off a tightening spiral of violence and counterviolence not unlike the Middle East or Northern Ireland. Unlike countries that have had to learn to live with violence,”We are new at this,” said Florida’s Dr. Figley, who heads a project that has trained trauma teams in Yugoslavia.”My fear is we will overreach and make things worse rather than better by retribution, revenge, racism and marginalizing ethnic groups.” 报复有很大的危险，会引发和在中东及北爱尔兰一样的紧张的暴力和反暴力的恶性攀升。与那些不得不在暴力中学习如何生存的国家不同，“我们是新手，”曾在南斯拉夫训练过创伤急救队的项目负责人费格里博士说，“我所担心的是惩罚、报复、种族主义和排斥少数民族的举动会过于偏激，适得其反。” 5. Fear of terrorism is likely to lead Americans to tolerate more government surveillance—such as overhead video cameras at sporting events—than they have to date. “It’s very likely in the wake of today’s events that we’re going to see a greater acceptance on the public’s part—and on the court’s part—to approve certain kinds of police tactics,” said William Stuntz, a Harvard Low School professor. 对于恐怖主义的恐惧会使美国人接受比现在更多的来自政府的监控，例如在运动竞赛场上高架的摄象机。哈佛大学法学院教授威廉姆斯?斯汤资说，“经过目前前这些事件，我们将发现，无论是公众，还是法庭，都会在更大程度上接受某些警察的策略。” Lesson 5 戴维先到一步，事后他气愤地向我发难说当他告诉领班准备和谁一起吃饭时，领班的语气骤然逆转。一瞬间就从“这是个什么人？”变成“这边有请，先生。”当我们赶到时，拍照的人已经在饭店外忙个不停了。戴维开始嘲笑我是伦敦这家高级饭店里的知名人物。这时，我俩向屋内望去并同时看到了我们的偶像。