英汉翻译试卷与答案

第1份试卷与答案：

EC Translation Examination Paper for 9714001-2

Jan. 5. 2000 （上午）

Name: _____________No. ____________Scores: ______________

I．Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:（20%）

1．严复在《天演论·译例言》（1895）中提出：译事三难_____________。此后100多年来，这就成了我国译界的一个重要的翻译标准。（1%）

2．Five guidelines in the employment of dictionaries in translation:（6%）

a．

b．

c．

d．

e．

f．

3．（3%）英语重________ ，汉语轻____________。

英语多_________，汉语少____________。

英语重_________，汉语轻____________。

4．用英语解释（4%）：

Hypotaxis：__________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ Parataxis:_____________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________ 5．用汉语解释（6%）：

Theme：________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ Rheme：________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

II．Sentence Translation（翻译时第1和第2句时，请注意形合和意合的处理）：（30%）1．黎明即起，洒扫庭除：

2．天要下雨，娘要嫁人：

3．There are books and books.

4．It has often noted that those who live, or have lived, in the shadow of death bring a mellow

5．But my mother had not passed this way for years. And the slimness and the stride were long past, too.

6．The broadcaster, owned by media mogul Rupert Murdoch, is home to "Melrose Place'' where stars like Heather Locklear sport thigh grazing skirts and plunging necklines.

7．You will have noticed in daily life that when people are inquisitive they nearly always have bad memories and are usually stupid at bottom.

8．Having sex once or twice a week gives a boost to the immune system that could help ward off colds and flu, New Scientist magazine said Wednesday.

9/ Forms leaned together in the taxi as they waited, and voices sang, and there was laughter from unheard jokes, and lighted cigarettes outlined unintelligible gesture inside.

10/ If she had long lost the blue-eyed, flower-like charm, the cool slim purity of face and form, the apple-blossom coloring which has so swiftly and oddly affected Ashurst twenty-six years ago, she was still at forty-three a comely and a faithful companion, whose cheeks were faintly mottled, and whose grey-blue eyes had acquired a certain fullness.

III．Passage translation（50%）：（译文也请写上编号）

1/ Two-Parent Families Growing Scarcer /（From Reuters）2/ The traditional U.S. household comprised of a married couple with children has become scarcer, a reflection of more women working and a view that marriage is not always desirable, researchers said on Wednesday.

3/ The most common living arrangement in the United States consists of unmarried people and no children, which made up one-third of all households in 1998, double the percentage in 1972.

4/ Meanwhile, the traditional nuclear family -- a married couple with children -- made up 26 percent of households in 1998, down from 45 percent in 1972, according to a survey conducted by the National Opinion Research Center at the University of Chicago.

5/ Timothy Smith, director of the survey, attributed the trend to more women in the work force, driven there by economic necessity and a desire for a career, and a relaxation of social mores that frowned on cohabitation and on having children outside marriage.

6/ ``Marriage has declined as the central institution under which households are organized and children are raised,'' Smith said, noting the survey found that 62 percent of working-class adults reported being married in the 1994-98 period, down from 80 percent in the 1972-77 period.

7/ ``People marry later and divorce and cohabitate more. A growing proportion of children has been born outside of marriage. Even within marriage the changes have been profound as more and more women have entered the labor force and gender roles have become more homogenous between husbands and wives,'' Smith said.

8/ Both parents have jobs in two-thirds of families, compared to just one-third in 1972, the survey found. The percentage of households in which women worked while their husbands stayed at home rose to 4 percent in the 1990s from 2 percent in the 1970s.

9/ About half of children now live in a household with their original parents, down from nearly three-quarters of children living in such households in 1972.

10/ Parents' attitudes toward their children have changed as well, with more looking for them to take responsibility for themselves. For example, more parents listed hard work as a desirable trait in their children above obedience.

11/ The survey comprised interviews with 2,832 randomly selected adults.

Key for EC Translation Examination Paper for 14161/14162

Jan. 5. 2000 （上午）

1．信达雅

2．Five guidelines in the employment of dictionaries in translation:（6%）

1/Glaring errors in ECT derived from the take-it-for-granted attitude –Dictionary is indispensable.

2/ Mechanical reference fails the translators – Dictionary is not always so reliable.

3/ English to English dictionary is sometimes a better helper.

4/ Never confine your reference to one dictionary.

5/ Divergent thought works when dictionaries fail to work.

3．（3%）英语重形合，汉语重意合。

英语多省略，汉语少省略

英语重时体，汉语轻时体

1．reflect (ponder) sufferings and pains after they are gone.

2．Rise at dawn and sweep the courtyard.

3．If Heaven wishes it to rain or your mother to remarry, there is no way to stop them.

4．用英语解释

Hypotaxis：The dependent or subordinate construction or relationship of clauses with connectives, for example, I shall despair if you don’t come.

Parataxis：The arranging of clauses one after the other without connectives showing the relation between them. Example: The rain fell; the river flooded; the house was washed away. 5．Theme：句子陈述的对象（即话题），谈话的出发点，它是读者从上下文或由语言外的知识得知的内容。因此，它表达的是已知信息（given information）；

Rheme：指为主体提供新信息的句子成分，是句子对陈述对象所作的陈述，即对已知事物说了些什么，它是交际的中心，叙述的目的，是读者所未知或假定读者未知的内容，因此，它表达的是未知信息（new information）。一般来说，未知信息是句子内容的重点或句子的强调点。

II．Sentence Translation

1/ Rise at dawn and sweep the courtyard.

2/ If Heaven wishes it to rain or your mother to remarry, there is no way to stop them.

3/世上有好书也有坏书。

4/ 人们已经注意到大凡受到死亡威胁的人或是死里逃生的人对于他们所干的任何事总是兴趣盎然。

5/ 但是母亲已经很多年没有走这条路了。苗条的倩影和矫健的步伐已不可复睹。

6/ 这家广播公司，属于一家媒体巨头Rupert Murdoch，是Melrose Place节目的发源地，在此节目中，像Heather Locklear这样的明星惹人注目地穿着裸露大腿的裙子和低领口的衣服。7/ 在日常生活中你也许你曾经注意到，那些专爱打听别人闲事的人，往往记忆力很差，而且通常他们实际上都是写蠢家伙。

8/ 每周做爱一到两次能够强化人体的免疫系统，能够避免感冒或流感的侵袭，新科学家杂志周三说。

9/ 那些坐在出租车里等候开车的人，影影绰绰地依偎在一起。他们情话绵绵，虽不知在低声私语什么，却可闻他们的嬉笑声，点燃着的香烟随着他们的手势一闪一闪地在跳动。至于其中奥妙，自不得而知了。

10/ 26年前，她那蓝眼睛、花儿般的魅力，脸儿和身段的那种玉洁冰清的秀气，还有那苹果花似的脸色，曾经让Ashurst一见钟情。这都已成了往事。如今，43岁的她，依然是一个眉清目秀的忠实的伴侣，尽管她的双颊隐约露出了些斑点，尽管她的灰蓝色的眼睛已经有些浮肿。

III．Passage translation（50%）：

双亲家庭日趋减少/路透社消息

在美国，传统的由夫妇俩和孩子组成的家庭数量已经减少，这反映了有更多的妇女就业，同时反映了一个观点，即婚姻并非总是悦人心意。研究人员周三如是说。

在美国最常见的家庭（生活）模式包括同居夫妇和没有子女。在1998年，这种模式占家庭的三分之一。这比1972年翻了一番。

与此同时，传统的核心家庭，即一对夫妇和孩子组成的家庭，在1998年占家庭总数的

26%，与1972年相比，下降了45%。设在芝加哥大学的全国民意调查中心所作的调查认为。

本次调查的负责人Timothy Smith把更多的妇女走上工作岗位的这种趋势归结到经济需求、追求成为职业女性的愿望以及对鄙视同居和有婚外子女的社会道德观念的宽松和改变。

“以组织家庭，生儿育女未主要社会习俗的婚姻走了下坡路。”Smith说，他还指出调查发现从1994年到1998年在劳动阶层的成年人结婚的占62%，而从1972年到1977年，其百分比是80%。

“人们结婚迟，离婚多，同居多。婚外所生的子女的的人口正在增加。即使在婚姻圈内，随着越来越多的女性走上工作，其变化也是深刻的。夫妇之间性别所其的作用也趋同了。”Smith说。

调查发现：在三分之二的家庭重，夫妇双方都有工作，而1972年时，这样的家庭仅占三分之一。妻子上班而丈夫闲居在家的家庭已经从70年代的2%上升到了4%。

大约有一半的孩子现在和自己的生父生母住在一起，而在1972年，这样的家庭大约有三分之二。

由于更多地希望子女能够自己对自己负责，父母对子女的态度也发生了变化。比如，更多的父母把努力工作列为他们所期望的品质特征，而非言听计从。

调查所作的对象是2,832个随机选择的成年人。

第2份试卷与答案：

EC Translation Examination Paper for F9814001/02

(英译汉技巧与实践试卷)

Jan. 17（周三）2001 (8:00 – 10:00 a.m.)/下院309

No: _____________Name. ____________Scores: ______________

I．Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:（30%）

严复在《天演论·译例言》（1895）中提出：译事三难_____________。此后100多年来，这就成了我国译界的一个重要的翻译标准。/3

2．我国大学英语专业八级考试对翻译的要求：认识英汉的表达差异，掌握基本技巧，能够翻译当今英语国家报刊杂志的时文，译文________________。/4

3．美国的翻译理论家奈达博士（E.A. Nida）在其《翻译理论与实践》一书中将读者（译文受众）引入翻译标准，提出了_____________________________、_______________________________(注意此两格用中英文填写)的翻译原则。他认为，翻译就是“用最贴切、最自然的对等的译入语从语义和文体两方面再现原文信息”的过程，动态对等的标准就是译文的读者和原文的读者在感受上基本相同。/4

4．Six guidelines in the employment of dictionaries in translation:/6

a．

b．

c．

d．

e．

f．

5．鲁迅：比如一个名词或动词，写不出，创作时可以回避，翻译却不成，和还得想，一直弄到头昏眼花，好象脑子里面摸一个急于要开_________的钥匙，却没有。/1

6．严复：一名之立，旬月__________。/2

7．陆殿扬先生就曾明确指出：Translate ___________, if possible, or, appeal to free translation./1 8．乔姆斯基关于深层结构与表层结构的理论，对我们认识此点不无裨益。所谓深层结构，

就是运用短语结构规则和词项插入规则后所得到的结构，它包含句子成分间的语法关系和深层语义。所谓表层结构，______________________________________________________。/2

9．Nida认为，在一定条件下，才可以改变形式。他为此提出了改变形式的五个条件：/5

a/

b/

c/

d/

e/

10．Nida认为：不合乎以上五个条件，就不能随便更改；必须保持形式的一致，也就是采取________的方法。/1

11．Translations are like women – when they are faithful they are not beautiful, when they are beautiful they are not faithful.此比喻与我国老子的一个说法不谋而合。老子说____________________/2

II．Sentence translation：（24%）

1．This calls into question all of our assumptions that gay men are feminine.

2．O ne can’t think of Africa without thinking of Egypt, the cradle of an ancient civilization, nor of Egypt without the Nile.

3．Mary never accepted an invitation unless Anne was included in it. It was a case of love me, love my dog.

4．And as to the chapter of accidents which counts for so much in the book of success, I could only hope that it was closed. 5．Translations are like matchmakers; they bring the praise of some half-veiled beauty and arouse an irresistible longing for the original.

6．The real escapist can watch a free film and sip champagne on some services.

7．Tess set up in bed, lost in vague interspace between dreams and this information.

8．If we do not hang together, we shall most assuredly hang separately.

9．It is a long lane that has no turning.

10．Health programs initiated in work environments, health clinics, hospitals and schools could be improved with more individual tailoring.

11．Having sex once or twice a week gives a boost to the immune system that could help ward off colds and flu, New Scientist magazine said Wednesday.

12．Strike at him with your hand; and to him, the aspect of the matter is, what to you it would be, if an acre（英亩）of red clay, ten feet thick, tore itself up from the ground and came crashing down with an aim. He steps out of the way of your hand, and alights（落下）on the back of it. You cannot terrify him, nor govern him, nor persuade him, nor convince him.

III. Sentence translation（20%）:

1/ Most of us, however, take life for granted. We know that one day we must die, but usually we picture that day as far in the future. When we are in buoyant (本义：有浮力的) health, death is all but unimaginable. We seldom think of it. The days stretch out in an endless vista（展望）. So we go about our petty tasks, hardly aware of our listless (冷漠的) attitude toward life./7

2/ It is the same old story of not being grateful for what we have until we lose it, of not being conscious of health until we are ill./6

3/ I have often thought it would be a blessing if each human being were stricken blind and deaf for a few days at some time during his early adult life. Darkness would make him more appreciative of sight; silence would teach him the joys of sound. /7

IV．Passage translation（26%）：

―We are not sure what this means,'' said Dr. George Carlo, who headed the industry's $27 million safety research project from 1993 until last year. ``This could be a colossal(巨大的) coincidence or the tip of the iceberg（冰山）,'' said Carlo, an epidemiologist （流行病学家）and lawyer. / 4

With 86 million cellular phone users in the United States alone and 30,000 new users signing up daily, ―this translates into a potentially significant public health problem, should the use of these devices even slightly increase the risk of adverse health effects,'' the FDA says. /10 If you're concerned about the microwave radiation（辐射）emitted（发出）from your cell phone, the FDA suggests these precautions: /2

Avoid using cell phones fo r long durations. ―Time is a key factor in how much exposure a person receives,'' the agency is advising consumers. People should use convention telephones for longer conversations, the agency says. /3

If cell phones must be used for lengthy calls, the FDA advises switching to a model that places greater distance between the user's head and the phone ―since the (radiation) exposure level drops off dramatically with distance.'' /4

For example, headsets or earphones let users make calls while keeping the antenna（天线）several feet from the head. Another example is a car phone with the antenna on the outside of the car. /3

Key to EC Translation Examination Paper for F9814001/02（A/B卷）

(英译汉技巧与实践试卷答案)

Jan. 17（周三）2001 (8:00 – 10:00 a.m.)/下院309

（注：B卷的答案是顺序在每小题的末尾）

I．Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:（30%）

信达雅/ 9

2．忠实、通顺/ 10

3．“动态对等”(dynamic equivalence)、“功能对等”（functional equivalence）/11

4．a/ Glaring errors in ECT derived from the take-it-for-granted attitude –-- Dictionary is indispensable.

b/ Mechanical reference fails the translators – Dictionary is not always so reliable.

c/ English to English dictionary is sometimes a better helper.

d/ Never confine your reference to one dictionary.

e/ Divergent thought works when dictionaries fail to work.

f/ Dictionaries cannot be expected to be always correct, esp. the dictionaries compiled by Chinese scholars. / 6

5．开箱子的/ 2

6．踟躇/ 3

7．Literally / 4

8．就是在深层结构上运用转换规则衍生出来实际运用的句子。/ 5

9．a/ 直译会导致意义上的错误时；

b/ 引入外来语形成语义空白（semantic zero），读者有可能自己填入错误的意义时；

c/ 形式对等引起严重的意义晦涩时；

d/ 形式对等引起作者原意所没有的歧义时；

e/ 形式对等违反译入语的语法或文体规范时。/ 6

10．直译 / 7

11．美言不信，信言不美。/8

II．Translate：（24%）

1．这就使我们的男同性恋者女性化的设想值得商榷了。/3

2．想起非洲，人们不可能不想到作为古代文明发祥地之一的埃及；而想起埃及，也不可能不想到尼罗河。/2

3．如果有什么人邀请玛丽而不请按妮，玛丽就不会去。这真是一个“如果你爱我，就要爱我的狗/ 如果你爱我，就得爱属于我的一切”的例子。/1

4．成功的人生是一本书，而这本书里，巧合则是至关重要的一个章节。而对于这种巧合，我现在却不敢奢求。/12

5．翻译作品好象媒人：他们给你带来对某个清纱半掩的美人的称赞，从而引起你很想一见其人的本来面目的欲望。/11

6．在某些航线上，想解闷的人，可以看看免费电影，喝喝香槟。/ 10

7．苔丝从床上坐起来，一听这个话，一半朦胧，一半清醒，在那儿发愣。/ 4

8．我们必须共同上战场，否则就得分别上刑场。/ 5

9．无论多长的巷子也有拐弯之处。（路必有弯，事必有变。）/ 6

10．如果你以掌击蝇，其感受如同一英亩见方、十英尺之厚的红士拔地而起，突然劈头盖脑地向你砸来一般。它避开你的掌心，又飘然落在你的手背上。你唬不住它，也管不了它，劝它不动，也说它不服。/ 7

11．在工作环境、健康诊所、医院和学校业已实施的健康方案可以有所改进，使之增加个人的针对性。/ 8

12．每周做爱一到两次能够强化人体的免疫系统，能够避免感冒或流感的侵袭，《新科学家》杂志周三说。/ 9

III. Sentence translation（20%）:

1/ 然而，我们大多数人都把生命视作理所当然。我们知道迟早我们会离开这个世界，但是，我们通常把这一天想象得遥遥无期。我们身强力壮之时，死亡是不可思议的。我们很少想到死。日复一日，光阴无限。我们为区区小事而奔忙，碌碌无为而不知自身对待生命的态度何等消极冷漠。/ 3

2/ 事情往往如此：失去之物方知贵，病来才晓健康好。/ 1

3/ 我常常这样想，假如每个人在步入成年时，骤然失明失聪几日，那也许是天赐之福。黑暗使人珍惜光明，寂静教人倍觉声音之欢乐。/ 2

IV．Passage translation（26%）：

1/从1993年直到去年一直在领导工业界提供的二千七百万美元的安全研究项目的乔治·卡罗博士说：“我们还不能肯定着意味着什么。”身兼流行病学家和律师的卡罗说：“这可能是一种罕见的巧合，也可能是冰山一角。”

2/食品和药物管理局说，仅美国就有手机使用者八千六百万人，每天登记的新用户有三万之众，“假如使用这种玩艺只是稍有危害健康的风险，这也将酿成重大的公共健康的问题。”

3/如果你对手机发出的微波辐射感到忧虑，食品和药物管理局建议你采取下列预防措施：

4/ --避免长时间使用手机。代理商劝告消费者说，“一个人接受多少辐射，时间是关键因素。”代理商还说，人们应使用传统电话进行长时间的交谈。

5/ ---如果需要使用手机作长时间的交谈，食品和药物管理局建议改用距离使用者头部较远的机型，“因为辐射强度随着距离急剧减少。”

6/ 例如，头戴式受话器或耳塞既能让使用者通话，又能使天线距离头部几英尺之外。另一个例子是车用电话，天线安装在车外。

第3份试卷及参考答案：

EC Translation Examination Paper for F9914001/02

Date: Time: Place:

No: _____________Name. ____________Scores: ______________

I．Fill in the following blanks (20%):

1/ 翻译理论又有了新发展。傅雷在《高老头·重译本序》中提出：以效果而论，翻译应当像临画一样，所求的不在形似而在。60年代钱钟书在《林纾的翻译》一文中更进一步提出：文学翻译的最高标准是“化”。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字，既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹，又能完全保存原有的风味，那应算得入于。

2/ 汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹，不执著于形式结构的规范。汉语是一种时现“阴柔之美”( )的语言。汉语的魅力系于她的流散和疏放，系于她的暗示力和。

3/ 英语不甘于逻辑的内涵，而是将逻辑关系“”，以明显的逻辑标记使自己成为一种重“形合”的语言。而汉语则乐于不动声色的“”，在其表层结

构上不留或少留逻辑痕迹。

4/ 译文既传达原文的信息，又尽可能地保持原文的。直译是一种重要的翻译方法。有人估算，翻译过程中，的句子要用直译方法来处理。

5/ 陆殿扬先生就曾明确指出：Translate literally, if possible, or, appeal to

.（如果可能，就直译；否则就采取。）

6/ 汉语是一种“”，寥寥数词，就能出意境，出氛围，出画面。所以，汉语中许多的表达要译成英语，那简直是要英语的“命”了。

7/ 形合与意合是语言学涉及句法问题的两个重要概念。其相应的英语表达系源于希腊语的和。

8/ 文体犹如一年中的四季，春夏秋冬，四季分明。文体有正式（the formal style）与非正式（the informal style）之别。再细分，前者含庄严体（the Frozen Style）与正式体（the Formal Style）；后者含商议体（the Consultative Style）、（）、亲密体（the Intimate Style）。正式与非正式之间，也一如四季。

9/ 读欧阳修《丰乐亭记》里的“仰而望山，俯而听泉”，忽悟：此乃借用白居易《庐山草堂记》“仰观山，俯听泉”语。此间仅曾一字，则文气却异，除增加了一份舒缓外，还别有一番行文趣味。初唐杰出诗人王勃27岁就匆匆离开人世，却给后人留下了传世名篇《腾王阁序》，此外，他还写下了“, ”的千古名句。细究之下，此名句乃脱胎于庾信的“落花与芝盖齐飞，杨柳共春旗一色”。

10/ 1．Thirty Years Ago, Man Slipped Bonds Of Earth / 2．Kennedy Drama Brings Tributes, Trauma In U.S. Press

两条标题均隐含幽默。前者，后者。

II．English to Chinese (20%):

1/ You look like AL Capone in that suit.

2/ Though a translation may be like old wine in new bottles or a woman in man's clothing, the results can be both tasteful and alive.

3/ It is a long lane that has no turning.

4/ My Heyne’s Tibullus was grasped at such a moment. It lay on the stall of the old book-shop in Goodge Street ---- a stall where now and then one found an excellent thing among quantities of rubbish.

5/ We had plenty of company in the way of wagon-loads and mule-loads of tourists ---- and dust.

6/ Nothing. No tracks but my own are stitched into the dusting of fresh snow, white as birch bark, that fell during the night. No flittering shadows in the trees, not a sliver of bird song in the air.

7/ There are seasons of the heart. There are seasons in our lives, just as there are seasons to all of nature. These seasons cannot be forced any more than one can force the coming of spring by pulling at tender blades of grass to make them grow. It took me a while to understand.

8/ The young girls laugh as they drive the geese over the rocks; they laugh as they climb the low stone walls with their baskets; they laugh as they call off the wild dogs that threaten to devour the stranger; they laugh most of all on evenings at dance time when the men are home from overseas.

9/ Some fishing boats were becalmed just in front of us. Their shadows slept, or almost slept, upon that water, a gentle quivering alone showing that it was not complete sleep, or if sleep, that it was sleep with dreams.

10/ But every time I made a move to get it some passing eye detected my purpose, and of course I straightened up then, and looked indifferent, and pretended that I hadn't been thinking about the pear at all. This same thing kept happening and happening, and I couldn't get the pear. I was just getting desperate enough to brave all the shame, and to seize it, when a window behind me was raised, and a gentleman spoke out of it, saying:

"Step in here, please."

III．English to Chinese (30%)〖Passage I〗：

1/ The second kind of false travel for conversation, in order that one may talk about it afterwards.

2/ I have seen visitors at Hup’ao of Hangchow, a place famous for its tea and spring water, having their picture taken in the act of lifting tea cups to their lips.

3/ To be sure, it is a highly poetic sentiment to show friends a picture of themselves drinking tea at Hup’ao.

4/ The danger is that one spends less thought on the actual taste of the tea on the photograph

itself.

5/ This sort of thing can become an obsession(迷恋；困扰), especially with travelers provided with cameras, as we so often see on sight-seeing buses in Paris and London.

6/ The tourists are too busy with their cameras that they have no time to look at the places themselves.

7/ Of course they have the privilege of looking at them in the pictures afterwards when they go home, but it is obvious that pictures of Trafalgar Square (特拉法尔加广场，在英国伦敦的威斯敏斯特) or the Champs Elysees（香榭丽舍大街）can be bought in New York or in Peiping.

8/ As these historical places become places to be talked about afterwards instead of places to be looked at, it is natural that the more places one visits, the richer the memory will be, and the more places there will be to talk about.

9/ This urge for learning and scholarship therefore impels the tourist to cover as many points as possible in a day.

10/ He has in his hand a program of places to visit, and as he comes to a place, he checks it off with a pencil on the program. I suspect such travelers are trying to be efficient even on their holiday. （注：译文请写出原句的序号）

IV．English to Chinese（30%）〖Passage II〗：

1/ However, a former colleague of Antinori cast doubt on the pregnancy claims on Wednesday, saying that none of the Italian doctor's original team was participating.

2/ "I don't believe what he has said," Panos Zavos told the English language daily Cyprus Mail. Zavos is continuing his own cloning research for childless couples.

3/ Scientists have condemned human cloning as irresponsible because of the risk of deformities（畸形）and miscarriage.

4/ The United Nations set up a panel last year aimed at drafting an international treaty to outlaw（宣布…为不合法）the cloning of human beings, but Antinori insisted that many of his colleagues were continuing his research underground.

5/ Antinori went on to accuse President Bush of practicing "ethical Talibanism" because of the strong stance（姿态）he has taken against cloning experiments.

6/ "The West and Europe simply aren't realistic in wanting to ban cloning. " fumed（本义：冒烟）the bronzed professor.

7/ "They have to understand ---- reproduction, sex, everything linked to privacy cannot be meddled with（干预）by the State."

8/ Antinori gained fame after helping a 62-year-old women become a mother using a donated egg in the early 1990s and he told Wednesday's news conference that one thousand babies had now been born using his fertility treatment.

9/ "The (cloning) project will give millions of people the chance to exercise their ancestral right to reproduce," he said on Wednesday.（注：译文请写出原句的序号）

KEY: 1/ 神似/“化境”2/ femininity/ 意境性3/ 外化/意合4/ 表达形式/70% 5/ free translation. / 意译6/意境语言/ 意境性强7/ hypotaxis parataxis8/ 随意体the Casual Style 9/ 落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色10/轻松凝重

KEY:

1/ 你穿上那套衣服，看上去就像流氓阿尔·卡彭了。

2/ 虽然一篇译文可以像置于新瓶中的老酒，或似身着男装的女子，但是，酒仍不

失其甘醇、而女子仍风韵不减。

3/ 无论多长的巷子也有拐弯之处。（路必有弯，事必有变。）

4/ 那册海涅编写的《狄巴拉斯诗选》便得手于此种情势之下。它静卧在古畿大街一家旧书屋的书摊上，此书屋是一个可以沙里淘金的去处。

5/ 我们的旅伴真不少，有乘马车的，有骑骡子的，还有滚滚尘土呢。

6/ 白茫茫的一片。没有别的什么踪迹，只有我的脚印如一行细密的针脚印在积雪上，积雪白如桦树皮，是昨夜落下的，在树上没有鸟儿轻捷的身影，在空中也听不到鸟儿一丝的啁啾。

7/ 心有四季。生活也有四季，就如自然界万物都有春夏秋冬一样。四季无法认为地加以改变，就如一个人无法用拔苗助长的方法强令春天的到来。我经过了好一阵子才懂得了这点。

8/ 少女们笑着把鹅赶过乱石滩，少女们笑着身背竹篮，越过石垒矮墙，少女们笑着赶走对陌生人构成威胁的野狗，少女们笑得最开怀的时候是当男人们从海外归来后举办的晚间舞会上。

9/ 渔舟三五，横泊眼前，樯影倒映水面，仿佛睡去，偶而微颤，似又未尝深眠，恍若惊梦。

10/ 可是我每次刚俯身拣梨，便有行人识破我的企图，当然我只得挺直身子，佯装无事，仿佛压根儿没打那只梨的主意。此情此景，终而复始，梨儿终究无法得手。我正想铤而走险，置老脸于不顾，一把抓起那只梨，却不料背后的一扇窗户突然打开，一位先生从里面喊道：“请进来吧。”

第4份试卷与参考答案：

EC Translation Examination Paper for 14161/14162（A卷）

June. 30. 2003 8:00 – 10:00 a.m. 上院205

Name: _____________No. ____________Scores: ______________

I．Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:（20%）

1/ “汉语具有意美、、三大优点。”（鲁迅《汉文学史纲要》第一篇《自文学至文章》，然而，英语与汉语相比，前者为拼音文字，而后者为表意文字。英语所具有的“音美”显然有别于汉语。汉语一个字代表一个音节，而汉语音节结构形式的一个突出的审美特征是双声叠韵。

2/ “译笔出原著头地”，或曰青出于蓝的现象除归结为译者“驱使本国文字”的“功夫”之外，另有一点似不可忽视，即汉语本身是“智慧的语言”、“”（鲁道夫·弗莱齐语）。汉语的种种（诸如四字结构、意合parataxis能力、形式齐整、音律跃耳、辞格丰富、意境性强等等）如漫漫译途上的一盏指路明灯，又如茫茫译林中的奔泉与鸟鸣，令译者走出“柳暗”，令译者呈现“光明”。

3/ 联想（association）的理论与实践同样适用于英汉翻译。放眼译苑，不少译者未动译笔，已败于“理解”门槛之外，其理解或捉襟见拙，或张冠李戴，或自相矛盾；另一些译者虽理解无误，却译笔呆滞枯暗，表达或，或不问原文，或淡而无味，缘由之一恐怕盖与“联想”有涉。，为有源头活水来。我门把玩译林佳句时，常发出这样的慨叹：文思如涌，联想驰骋，方能译笔有神。

4/ 从语源(Etymology)观察，英汉相距甚远。虽然英汉同属屈折变化(inflections) 较少的分析性语言(analytical language)，也不属综合型语言(synthetic language)，但是，英语与汉语毕竟各自隶属不同语系，前者属(Indo-European language)，后者属汉藏语系( )。

5/ 词典之类的参考书对译者来说都。只有，包括最广泛的语言–文化背景，才能说明含义。

----（英）乔治?斯坦纳

6/ 此种观点，甚至“殃及”译界：科技翻译讲抽象思维，而文学翻译才须讲形象思维。实际情况则是：任何一类翻译，都需要。缺乏形象思维的翻译，其译文或舛误叠现，或生硬呆板，或形容枯槁，或。

7/ 灵感思维并不缥缈，更不遥远！君不见，那么令人失声叫绝的译文，就或明或暗地闪现灵感思维的光泽。译者的灵感思维从天而降，他会走笔如神，左右逢源，心中荡漾；而诵读这样的译文，则完全可能令读者陶醉字里，！潜心对原文和译文作对照阅读时，你会感受心灵的震撼，“嚯”地起身，大呼“天才译文！”

8/ 据笔者陋见，经受文化冲击，首先指置身于异族文化或生活方式的人，其次，大概就数“”了。因为，语言毕竟或多或少是一种社会和文化的载体。而翻译则是一种典型的。

9/ 汉语自有汉语之美。汉语不注重对客观现实作符合逻辑的形式的描摹，不执著于形式结构的规范。汉语是一种时现“”(femininity)的语言。汉语的魅力系于她的流散和疏放，系于她的。

10/ 从翻译美学审视，“雅”，即“”，即原文或译文的。II．Passage Translation：（30%）

1/ The true artist lets himself go. He is natural. He swims easily in the stream of his own temperament. He listens to himself. He respects himself.

He comes into the light of every-day like a great leviathan of the deep, breaking the smooth surface of accepted things, gay, serious, sportive. His appetite for life is enormous. He enters eagerly into the life of man, all men. He becomes all men in himself.

2/ Also, there are many ways of opening doors. There is the cheery push of elbow with which the waiter shoves open the kitchen door when he bears in your tray of supper. There is the suspicious and tentative withdrawal of a door before the unhappy book agent or peddler. There is the genteel and carefully modulated recession with which footmen swing wide the oaken barriers of the great. There is the sympathetic and awful silence of the dentist’s maid who opens the door into the operating room and, without speaking, implies that the doctor is ready for you. There is the brisk cataclysmic opening of a door when the nurse comes in, very early in the morning —―It’s a boy!‖

III．Article Translation:（50%）

1/ Over Time, People 'Catch Mood' of Friends, Lovers / By Dana Frisch

2/ Six months later, the 38 couples that were still together repeated the experiment. The couples maintained distinct personalities, but they were more closely attuned emotionally than they had been at the start of the study, the researchers found.

3/ Although couples' emotions converged over time, similar emotions might have drawn them together in the first place. Couples that stayed together during the study were more emotionally similar than couples that broke up, the researchers point out.

4/ Anderson's team also found that the partner who had less power in the relationship did most of the changing in terms of emotions.

5/ In other experiments, which involved college students who lived together in dormitories, the researchers found that roommates tended to have more similar emotional responses toward the end of the school year. The researchers gauged emotion by having students watch film clips that tend to elicit laughs or tears.

6/ Roommates whose emotions converged the most during the school year tended to become closer friends than roommates whose emotions did not become as similar, according to the report.

7/ The study also found that the roommate who had a lower social status in the dormitory tended to change more than popular roommates.

8/ Anderson said these results show that "people's emotional responses to events are not completely fixed and rigid."

9/ According to the Illinois researcher, emotional similarity could be helpful in assembling the most productive corporate team, and might be an important consideration when searching for love or friendships.

1/ Type A People May Have Lower Quality of Life: Study / By Charnicia E. Huggins 2/ He and Kashfian found that people who reported the highest levels of anger, cynicism, and hostility, in particular, in their response to the hypothetical scenarios also perceived their quality of life as much lower than their peers.

3/ "In other words, the more hostility somebody indicated on the hostility questionnaires the lower their quality of life," Keith said.

4/ The study participants' quality of life was rated according to their responses to a questionnaire that measured their self-reported satisfaction; competence and productivity; personal empowerment and independence; and social belonging and community integration.

5/ Despite the findings, the researchers note that they did not prove that the individual's type A behavior was responsible for a reduction in quality of life. They did not study whether type A behavior results in a reduced quality of life or vice versa.

6/ "It's also conceivable that something else makes people hostile and reduces their quality of life," Keith said.

7/ Various researchers have suggested that type A behavior can be changed, Keith and Kashfian write in a statement, "and the possibility exists that such change might have implications for quality of life."

8/ It may not be straightforward to change type A behavior, but it is "doable," Keith said. If the type A personality is thought of in terms of its behavioral characteristics rather than something internal, behavior modification and health management techniques can change that behavior in much the same way as a person changes their smoking behavior, the researcher explained.

英三翻译考试（2003年6月30日上午上院205）参考答案

I．Fill in the blanks in the following sentences:（20%）

音美/ 形美/ 世界上最成熟的语言/ 优势/ 诘屈聱牙/ 问渠哪得清如许/ 印欧语系/ Sino-Tibetan language / 没有多大用处/ 上下文/ 形象思维/ 味同嚼蜡/ 无限快意/ 忘情行间/ 译匠/ intercultural activity / 阴柔之美/ 暗示力和意境性/ 美/ 美学价值II．Passage Translation：（30%）

1/ 真正的艺术家是狂放不羁的。他自由自在，悠然自得地在自己个性的川流中畅游。

他倾自我，尊重自我。

他以深海巨鲸的姿态，浮现在日常生活的阳光下，打破人们习以为常的平静生活的洋面，轻松愉快、严肃认真、嬉笑自若。他酷爱生活，拥抱生活。他渴望与各种人物同命运，共呼吸。他成了所有人的化身。

2/ 同样，开门方式也多种多样。快乐的服务员会用肘部顶开厨房门，手里的托盘上正放着你的晚餐。疑神疑鬼，探头探脑的书商和小贩悻悻然地退出门去。后退的男仆走着优雅的小碎步，为贵宾缓缓打开栎木大门。充满同情和一声不响的牙医助手打开通向手术室的门，无言地向你表示医生正在等你。一大早，兴奋的护士“哗”地一下打开门，走进来说“生了个男孩！”

III．Article Translation:（50%）

1/ Over Time, People 'Catch Mood' of Friends, Lovers /随着时间的过去，人们与友人、情侣情绪趋同2/ 半年之后，仍在一起的38对夫妇重复了实验。研究人员发现，他们保持着鲜明的个性，但是，他们比在研究开始时在情绪协调方面变得更加紧密。

3/ 尽管随时间推移，夫妇情绪趋同，但是，首先是相似的情绪将他们撮合在一起。在研究过程中能守望一处的夫妇比各奔东西的夫妇在情感上更加相似。研究人员指出。

4/ Anderson的研究小组还发现，在婚姻关系中力量较弱的伙伴在情绪方面产生的变化最大。

5/ 在其他实验，比如对共同生活在寝室里大学生的实验中，研究人员发现，室友在一个学年快要结束时，会具有更多的情绪方面的反应。研究人员通过让学生观看那些引人发笑或是催人泪下的电影片段来做情绪的测定。

6/ 根据此报告，在这一学年之中情绪趋同最多的室友，比起没有情绪趋同的室友来，往往成为更加亲近的朋友。

7/ 研究还发现，在寝室中，社会地位较为低下的室友往往变得比那些广受欢迎的室友

更大。

8/ Anderson说，这些结果显示“人们对一些事件的情绪上的反应并非完全固定的，僵化的。”

9/ 根据伊利诺斯州的研究，情绪类似能有助于组合最富生产力的集体团队，也可能是寻求爱情和友情的一个重要的考虑因素。

1/ Type A People May Have Lower Quality of Life: Study /研究发现：A型个性者的生活质量可能较低2/ 他和Kashfian发现，那些报告自己特别对那些假设情景的反应中具有最高程度的愤怒、讥嘲以及敌意，也察觉到自己的生活质量比他们的同类人要低得多。

3/ “换言之，那些对测试敌意的问卷上的情景显示出的敌意越多，那么，他们的生活质量也就越低。”Keith说。

4/ 这项研究的参与者的生活质量的排定的根据是他们对问卷所作的反应。问卷测量了他们自报的满意程度、能力、生产力、个人权力和独立性、社会亲密可靠的关系、以及与公众的融合性。

5/ 尽管有以上的发现，但是研究人员仍然指出，他们并没有证明个人的A型行为对其生活质量的影响应该负责。他们没有研究A型行为是否导致了生活质量的下降，或是相反。

6/ “也可以想见，别的东西使人们产生敌意，并影响了他们的生活质量。”Keith说。

7/ 不同的研究人员已经指出，A型行为可以改变。Keith和Kashfian在一篇陈述中写道，“这样的改变可能对生活质量存在影响的可能性是存在的。”

8/ 要想改变A型的行为并非易事，但是，那又是“可做的”Keith说。假如A型个性被认为是行为的特征，而非心理的表现，那么，行为修正，健康管理技术就能够改变那种行为，就像一个人能够改变吸烟行为那样。研究人员解释道。

实用英文写作与翻译作业与参考答案21

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