2016年电子科技大学621英语水平测试真题

电子科技大学

2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

考试科目:621英语水平测试

注：无机读卡，所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试卷或草稿纸上无效。

Part I Reading Comprehension (40 points)

Directions: In this part there are 5 passages, each with some questions or incomplete statements. Read them carefully and then choose from the four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D to answer the questions or complete the statements. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Historians of the American civil war find themselves in the same unenviable position as Shakespeare scholars: so thoroughly have their fields of study been explored that finding a nearly virgin comer is all but impossible. But Don Doyle has broken new ground in enlightening and compellingly written book, The Cause of All Nations. More than any previous study, it tells the story of how America’s civil war was perceived, debated and reacted to abroad, and how that reaction shaped the course of the war at home.

At the war’s outset, however, things were not so simple. Southern diplomats framed their struggle in accordance with liberal principles of self-determination. They judged the conflict, Mr. Doyle notes, to be “one arising naturally between industrial and agricultural societies, not freedom and slavery as the North believed.”The North’s response, meanwhile, was uncompromising, legalistic and violent. America’s secretary of state threatened to “wrap the whole world in flames”, promising total war on any state that dared aid the South.

Most histories of the civil war turn inward at the end and examine the war’s consequences and legacy for America. Mr. Doyle turns outward to show how important America’s civil war was to the rest of the wor1d: liberty and democracy defeated slavery and the landed gentry.

The Union’s victory had wider impacts. In Spain, Queen Isabella, fearing American naval power, ended the attempted re-colonization of Santo Domingo. Ulysses Grant, a civil-war general, turned his military attention to Mexico, where Napoleon III had installed an Austrian, Maximilian, as emperor. When the threat of an alliance between France and the South was smashed, Napoleon withdrew his support and in 1867 Maximilian was executed by Mexican troops. Across the ocean, Britain’s republicans marched to victory that same year. Democracy had not just survived, but flourished.

After Lincoln’s death, a French newspaper wrote that he “represented the cause of democracy in the largest and the most universal understanding of the word. That cause is our cause, as much as it is that of the United States.” In honor of the Union’s victory a French artist crafted a statue out of

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copper sheeting, a figure representing freedom, tall and proud, holding a torch high. The Statue of Liberty stands today in New York harbor, the copper now green with age, her gaze fixed across the Atlantic on Europe.

1. Shakespeare is mentioned in the first paragraph to illustrate that __________.

A. the civil war has been studied as extensively as possible

B. the civil war and Shakespeare’s works are known worldwide

C. new discoveries are easy concerning the cause of the civil war

D. historians of the civil war should learn from Shakespeare

2. The book entitled The Cause of All Nations is focused on __________.

A. the consequences of the civil war for America

B. the impact of the civil war on other countries

C. the political difference between the North and South

D. factors that caused the outbreak of the civil war

3. The North regarded the civil war as a war __________.

A. between the government and people

B. between salves and slave-owners

C. between freedom and slavery

D. between industrial and agricultural states

4. Paragraph Four is mainly concerned with __________.

A. the effect of incidents abroad on the civil war

B. numerous conflicts between European countries

C. contributions of Europeans to the Union’s victory

D. effects of the Union’s victory on other countries

Passage 2

Milankovitch proposed in the early twentieth century that the ice ages were caused by variations in the Earth’s orbit around the Sun. For some time this theory was considered untestable, largely because there was no sufficiently precise chronology of the ice ages with which the orbital variations could be matched.

To establish such a chronology it is necessary to determine the relative amounts of land ice that existed at various times in the Earth’s past. A recent discovery makes such a determination possible: relative land-ice volume for a given period can be deduced from the ratio of two oxygen isotopes, 16 and 18, found in ocean sediments. Almost all the oxygen in water is oxygen 16, but a few molecules out of every thousand incorporate the heavier isotope 18. When an ice age begins, the continental ice sheets grow, steadily reducing the amount of water evaporated from the ocean that will eventually return to it. Because heavier isotopes tend to be left behind when water evaporates from the ocean surfaces, the remaining ocean water becomes progressively enriched in oxygen 18. The degree of enrichment can be determined by analyzing ocean sediments of the period, because these sediments are composed of calcium carbonate shells of marine organisms, shells that were constructed with oxygen atoms drawn from the surrounding ocean. The higher the ratio of oxygen 18 to oxygen 16 in a sedimentary specimen, the more land ice there was when the sediment was laid down.

As an indicator of shifts in the Earth’s climate, the isotope record has two advantages. First, it is

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a global record: there is remarkably little variation in isotope ratios in sedimentary specimens taken from different continental locations. Second, it is a more continuous record than that taken from rocks on land. Because of these advantages, sedimentary evidence can be dated with sufficient accuracy by radiometric methods to establish a precise chronology of the ice ages. The dated isotope record shows that the fluctuations in global ice volume over the past several hundred thousand years have a pattern: an ice age occurs roughly once every 100,000 years. These data have established a strong connection between variations in the Earth’s orbit and the periodicity of the ice ages.

However, it is important to note that other factors, such as volcanic particulates or variations in the amount of sunlight received by the Earth, could potentially have affected the climate. The advantage of the Milankovitch theory is that it is testable; changes in the Earth’s orbit can be calculated and dated by applying Newton’s laws of gravity to progressively earlier configurations of the bodies in the solar system. Yet the lack of information about other possible factors affecting global climate does not make them unimportant.

5. In the passage, the author is primarily interested in __________.

A. suggesting an alternative to an outdated research method

B. presenting a theory and describing a new method to test that theory

C. introducing a new research method that calls an accepted theory into question

D. emphasizing the instability of data gathered from the application of a new scientific method

6. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree with which of the following statements

about the Milankovitch theory?

A. It is not a plausible explanation for the ice ages, although it has opened up promising

possibilities for future research.

B. It is too limited to provide a plausible explanation for the ice ages, despite recent research

findings.

C. It is one plausible explanation, though not the only one, for the ice ages.

D. It cannot be tested and confirmed until further research on volcanic activity is done.

7. It can be inferred from the passage that the isotope record taken from ocean sediments would be

less useful to researchers if which of the following were true?

A. It indicated that climate shifts did not occur every 100,000 years.

B. It stretched back for only a million years.

C. It indicated that lighter isotopes of oxygen predominated at certain times.

D. It had far more gaps in its sequence than the record taken from rocks on land.

8. It can be inferred from the passage that precipitation formed from evaporated ocean water has

__________.

A. less oxygen 18 than does ocean water

B. the same isotopic ratio as ocean water

C. less oxygen 18 than has the ice contained in continental ice sheets

D. more oxygen 16 than has precipitation formed from fresh water

9. It can be inferred from the passage that calcium carbonate shells __________.

A. reflect the isotopic composition of the water at the time the shells were formed

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B. contain radioactive material that can be used to determine a sediment’s isotopic composition

C. are less common in sediments formed during an ice age

D. are found only in areas that were once covered by land ice

Passage 3

No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?” Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week, “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?”At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990. It’s a self-examination that has, at various times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line.

At the core of this debate is Chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992. On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company’s mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently.

The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company’s rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T’s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any democratic society”, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won’t retreat in the face of any threats.”

Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month’s stockholders’ meeting. Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society’s ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,”says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.”

10. Senator Robert Dole criticized Time Warner for __________.

A. its raising of the corporate stock price

B. its emphasis on creative freedom

C. its neglect of social responsibility

D. its self-examination of soul

11. In face of the recent attacks on the company, the chairman __________.

A. stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expression

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B. softened his tone and adopted some new policy

C. changed his attitude and yielded to objection

D. received more support from the 15-member board

12. The best title for this passage could be __________.

A. A Debate on Moral Decline

B. A Company under Fire

C. A Lawful Outlet of Street Culture

D. A Form of Creative Freedom

Passage 4

Industrial production managers coordinate the resources and activities required to produce millions of goods every year in the United States. Although their duties vary from plant to plant, industrial production managers share many of the same major responsibilities. These responsibilities include production scheduling, staffing, procurement and maintenance of equipment, equality control, inventory control, and the coordination of production activities with those of other department.

The primary mission of industrial production managers is planning the production schedule within budgetary limitations and time constraints. They do this by analyzing the plant’s personnel and capital resources to select the best way of meeting the production quota. Industrial production managers determine, often using mathematical formulas, which machines will be used, whether new machines need to be purchased, whether overtime of extra shifts are necessary, and what the sequence of production will be. They monitor the production run to make sure that it stays on schedule and correct any problems that may arise.

Industrial production managers also must monitor product standards. When quality drops below the established standard, they must determine why standards are not being maintained and how to improve the product. If the problem relates to the quality of work performed in the plant, the manager may implement better training programs, reorganize the manufacturing process, or institute employee suggestion or involvement programs. If the cause is substandard materials, the manager works with the purchasing department to improve the quality of the product’s components.

Because the work of many departments is interrelated, managers work closely with heads of other departments such as sales, procurement, and logistics to plan and implement company goals, policies, and procedures. For example, the production manager works with the procurement department to ensure that plant inventories are maintained at their optimal level. This is vital to a firm’s operation because maintaining the inventory of materials necessary for production ties up the firm’s financial resources, yet insufficient quantities cause delays in production. A breakdown in communications between the production manager and the purchasing department can cause slowdowns and a failure to meet production schedules. Just-in-time production techniques have reduced inventory levels, making constant communication among the manager, suppliers, and purchasing departments even more important. Computers play an integral part in this coordination. They also are used to provide up-to-date information on inventory, the status of work in progress, and quality standards.

Production managers usually report to the plant manager or the vice president for manufacturing, and may act as liaison between executives and first-line supervisors. In many plants,

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one production manager is responsible for all aspects of production. In large plants with several operations—there are managers in charge of each operation, such as machining, assembly, or finishing.

13. The passage is mainly about __________.

A. the role of an industrial production manager

B. the procedures for industrial production

C. the ways to raise working efficiency and productivity

D. the importance of coordination in production activities

14. To meet the production quota, it is of vital importance that __________.

A. the optimal staffing and budgeting arrangement be made

B. every machine be utilized to its fullest capability

C. problems be corrected at once whenever they arise

D. work shifts be arranged to yield the highest productivity

15. Which of the following aspects is the focus of the fourth paragraph?

A. The necessity to obtain the latest information.

B. Coordination of production activities.

C. Quality control.

D. Inventory control.

16. What is the role of computers in the production process?

A. They control the techniques of production.

B. They monitor the progress and status of work.

C. They transmit directions from the management to employees.

D. They keep each department well-informed.

Passage 5

Linguists have understood for decades that language and thought are closely related. Humans construct reality using thought and express these thoughts through the use of language. Edward Sapir and his student Benjamin Whorf are credited with developing the most relevant explanation outlining the relationship between thought and language, the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. The hypothesis consists of two parts, linguistic relativity and linguistic determinism. Supporters of linguistic relativity assume that culture is shaped by language. Terwilliger defines linguistic determinism as the process by which “the functions of one’s mind are determined by the nature of the language which one speaks.” In simpler terms, the thoughts that we construct are based upon the language that we speak and the words that we use. In its strongest sense, linguistic determinism can be interpreted as meaning that language determines thought. In its weakest sense, language partially influences thought. Whorf was careful to avoid authoritative statements which would permanently commit him to particular position.

Because of the broad nature of his statements, it is difficult to distinguish exactly to what extent Whorf believes that language determines thought. Heated debate among modern linguists demonstrates that disagreement exists about the accuracy and correctness of Whorf’s studies and of the actual level of influence of language on thought processes.

The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis essentially consists of two distinct statements connecting the

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relation of thought and language. Whorf believes that humans may be able to think only about objects, processes, and conditions that have language associated with them. The Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis also explains the relationship between different languages (French, English, German, Chinese, and so on) and thought. Whorf demonstrated that culture is largely determined by language. Different cultures perceive the world in different ways. Culturally essential objects, conditions and processes usually are defined by a plethora of words, while things that cultures perceive as unimportant are usually assigned one or two words. Whorf developed this theory while studying the Hopi Indian tribe. Whorf was amazed that the Hopi language has no words for past, present, and future. The Hopi have only one word for flying objects. A dragonfly, an airplane, and a pilot are defined using the same word. Whorf questioned whether or not the Hopi view the world differently than western peoples. After further interpretation and analysis he concluded that the Hopi have a sense for the continuum of time despite having no words to specifically describe past, present, and future.

It is commonly believed that the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis possesses some truth, but the extent to which it is applicable to all situations is questioned. Linguists generally support a “strong” or a “weak” interpretation. Linguists who study the hypothesis tend to cite examples that support their beliefs but are unable or unwilling to refute the opposing arguments. Examples exist that strengthen the arguments of everyone who studies the hypothesis. Nobody has gained significant ground in proving or refuting the hypothesis because the definitions of Sapir and Whorf are very vague and incomplete, leaving room for a significant amount of interpretation.

17. Advocates of linguistic determinism insist that __________.

A. language and thought are intimately related to each other

B. culture is shaped by language through which it expresses itself

C. the realities constructed through different languages are different

D. both the culture and the mind determine the language to be used

18 Whorf himself tends to hold that __________.

A. thoughts are based on language

B. language determines thought

C. language partially influences thought

D. culture is shaped by language

19. According to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis, if a culture has more expression for certain concepts,

it shows that __________.

A. the culture is very much advanced and civilized

B. these concepts are more important than others

C. other concepts will be perceived as unimportant

D. these expressions developed earlier in the language

20. Which of the following criticism is often made of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis?

A. It has no empirical evidence in its favor.

B. It is formulated on the basis of only one case study.

C. Its applicability has been greatly exaggerated.

D. No convincing examples can be found to support its claim.

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Part II Structure and Vocabulary (20 points)

Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

21. A(n) _________ at the Library Company is a designed fund that is invested to produce income

to make possible the donor’s wishes.

A. endowment

B. investment

C. provision

D. reimbursement

22. Fortunately, the new government backed off and now _________ joins the international

consensus against infant mortality.

A. garishly

B. gradually

C. grudgingly

D. gruesomely

23. It is part of the method in the madness that military dictators employ to terrorize and

_________ the civil population.

A. strain

B. stale

C. subdue

D. stagger

24. There you will find men treating women with just the same respect formerly _________ only to

religious dignitaries or to great nobles.

A. acceded

B. accelerated

C. accreted

D. accorded

25. One of the things _________ parents worry about most is that you will end up not achieving

anything.

A. intelligent

B. pushy

C. advisable

D. industrious

26. The improvements are being done to _________ to new federal regulations governing security

around nuclear generating facilities.

A. conform

B. consistent

C. coordinate

D. comply

27. A visitor to a museum today would notice _________ changes in the way museums are

operated.

A. precarious

B. conspicuous

C. rigorous

D. insidious

28. Until recently the country’s economy has been _________ from recession by its reserves of raw

materials.

A. isolated

B. insulated

C. illuminated

D. instigated

29. Some astronomers spend their whole life studying certain stars since each galaxy contains

_________ of stars.

A. myriads

B. volumes

C. stacks

D. rafts

30. Statistics have shown that violent crime is only one of the _________ afflicting modern society.

A. ailments

B. infirmities

C. disturbances

D. maladies

31. After the tornado had hit the coastal regions, the rescue team started their work immediately

and they first tried to _________ the areas in most urgent need of help.

A. smear

B. fortify

C. mobilze

D. pinpoint

32. Owning to his malpractice in the official position, Mike Brown has been _________ to the role

of a mere assistant last week.

A. relegated

B. redeemed

C. traversed

D. contrived

33. It has been reported recently that many celebrities in South Korea have used _________

credentials while doing job hunting so that their reputation has been ruined.

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A. fraudulent

B. distorted

C. spurious

D. counterfeit

34. Although I gave him many presents, I had no _________ gifts from him.

A. mutual

B. reciprocal

C. stereotypical

D. gratuitous

35. The best and brightest bicycle riders in all the land will _________ on South Florida this

weekend to have a contest.

A. diverge

B. converge

C. converse

D. diverse

36. On weekends my grandpa usually _________ a glass of wine.

A. subscribes to

B. engages in

C. encroaches on

D. indulges in

37. I had lost my pen, but she _________ another one for me from somewhere.

A. conferred upon

B. put forward

C. conjured up

D. correlated with

38. The local government _________ on spending in order to help the laid-off and the homeless out

of the plight.

A. crumbled

B. cursed

C. curbed

D. conflated

39. His generous offer should be considered seriously instead of being _________ at.

A. disliked

B. dissembled

C. snapped

D. sniffed

40. To understand the power of blockchain systems and the things they can do, it is important to

distinguish between three things that are commonly _________.

A. muddled up

B. shot straight

C. engrossed in

D. shrunk from

Part III Cloze (20 points)

Directions: Fill in each blank with ONE appropriate word to complete the passage. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

Passage A:

I chose to study 41 at a small liberal-art university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. 42 , this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would 43 me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my 44 by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a 45 choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.

I headed off college sure I was going to have an 46 over those students who went to big engineering “factories”47 they didn’t care if you had values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineering; technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.

Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to 48 math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile engineering with liberal-arts courses in college. 41. ____________

42. ____________

43. ____________

44. ____________

45. ____________

46. ____________

47. ____________

48. ____________

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The reality that has 49 my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to 50 the two fields of study is difficult. 49. ____________

50. ____________

Passage B:

In Latin America and the Middle East, North Americans can frequently

be psychologically stressed. 51 in a poly-chronic environment in the markets, stores, and souks of Mediterranean and Arab countries, one is 52 by other customers all vying for the attention of a single clerk who is trying to 53 on everyone at once. There is no recognized order as to who is to be served next, no queue or members to indicate who has been waiting the longest. To the North European or American, it appears that confusion and clamor abound. In a different 54 , the same patterns can be seen 55 in the governmental bureaucracies of Mediterranean countries: a typical office layout for important officials frequently includes a large reception area, outside the private suite, where small groups of people can wait and be visited by the minister or his or her aides. These functionaries do most of their 56 outside in this semipublic setting, moving from group conferring with each in turn. The semiprivate transactions take less time, giving others the 57 that they are in the presence of the minister as well as other important people with 58 they may also want to confer. Once one is used to this pattern, it is clear that there are advantages 59 frequently overweigh the 60 of a series of private meetings in the inner office. 51. ____________

52. ____________

53. ____________

54. ____________

55. ____________

56. ____________

57. ____________

58. ____________

59. ____________

60. ____________

Part IV Paraphrasing (10 points)

Directions: Paraphrase the underlined parts. Please write your answers on the Answer Sheet.

(61) Submission, a novel by French author Michel Houellebecq that is newly available in English, tells the story of an Islamic political party overtaking France’s government at the ballot box and fundamentally changing society. It became an instant best seller in Europe when it was released on Jan. 7, the same day Muslim extremists murdered 12 people at the Paris offices of Charlie Hebdo, a French satirical weekly newspaper. (62) In the months since, an already tense Europe has dealt with a wave of migrants and refugees from Syria against a backdrop of fear of historic transformation. In the U.S., presidential candidate Ben Carson stated that no Muslim should be elected to the White House. (63) Houellebecq is never easy reading, but on those grounds alone, Submission may be the most relevant book of the year.

Over the course of the novel, a fictional Muslim Brotherhood consolidates power in France by joining with the neutered Socialists in the 2022 elections, narrowly wresting control from Marine Le

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Pen (the right-wing politician, here rendered by Houellebecq as impassioned but ineffectual). (64) The changes the new political party enacts seem to make life only more difficult in a nation that, in Houellebecq’s imagining, had already been teetering on the verge of collapse. Change occurs at a bizarre remove: from the forced veiling of women to the defunding of education to the encouragement of Jewish immigration to Israel, everyone more or less goes along.

(65) Before the election, the book’s central character, a literature professor, reflects that his long-held hope of a calm life is now impossible, no matter which side wins: “There was no reason that I should be spared from grief, illness, or suffering. But until now I had always hoped to leave this world without undue violence.”(66) It’s the sort of dream only someone raised in an industrialized nation in the latter half of the 20th century might have had. So much for that.

But (67) Houellebecq stops short of portraying violence or even resistance; the book ends with the professor’s conversion to Islam, about which he feels little but a nihilistic comfort at having behaved in the socially correct manner. (68) The lack of narrative fireworks is particularly jarring given Houellebecq’s résumé, which contains more instances of provocation than it does fiction. He was acquitted in 2002 after being charged with inciting racial hatred for calling Islam “the stupidest religion” and has referred to himself as “probably” Islamophobic.

(69) Houellebecq’s restraint on the page, though, his schematic logic and bland refusal to indulge panic, seems somehow realer than real life. And Submission has less to do with religion than you might think. It examines rapid political change in general: How much of it are we meant to live through? And does it move inevitably toward extremes? If it weren’t the Muslim Brotherhood ruling France, after all, it would be Le Pen. She too is animated by beliefs that, if given purchase, would change the face of Europe.

(70) Even those with concerns about Houellebecq’s subject can acknowledge the present moment’s potential for radical change, in one direction or another. At a moment in which American novelists seem wary of delving into politics, Houellebecq has clomped onto the world stage and delivered a book whose brash conceit is getting far more attention than its frightened heart. It’s not Muslims whom Houellebecq is scared of. It’s the future.

Part V Translation (50 points)

71. Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.

Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.

He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed—love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.

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The poet’s, or the writer’s, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his heart, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past.

72. Translate the following paragraph into English.

早年的艰辛生活磨练了范仲淹坚韧不拔的毅力和不计利害得失、心怀天下的胸襟。在《岳阳楼记》这篇文笔优美洗练的名文中，范仲淹劝诫他遭到贬黜的朋友滕子京，不要因为个人遭遇不幸而感到忧伤，不要因眼前风景优美就得意洋洋而忘怀天下；而是要时时以国家大事、人民疾苦为念。那究竟何时才能纵情快乐呢？范仲淹用“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”的豪情壮志做出了回答。这既是他为朋友而作的勉励之语，亦是其远大抱负和高尚情操的真实写照。此语一出，更是激励起了后世无数仁人志士为国家和人民而奉献终生。

现在让我们再来欣赏一次《岳阳楼记》的选段吧：

予尝求古仁人之心……不以物喜，不以己悲。居庙堂之高，则忧其民；处江湖之远，

则忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？其必曰：“先天下之忧而忧，后

天下之乐而乐”欤？噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？

Part VI Proofreading (10 points)

Directions: The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. Proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:

For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a“∧”sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line.

For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a line in the center and put the word in the blank provide at the end of the line.

Example:

When ∧art museum wants a new exhibit,

it never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall. When a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build in 1. When∧art an

2. never

3. exhibition exhibit

In life he was celebrated for pulling off the “greatest second act”in

business history after his triumph return to Apple rescued the company from bankruptcy and transformed our relationships with computers, music or mobile phones. Now, four years after Steve Jobs’s death, two new films with Oscar-laden pedigrees are subjecting his character to a similar re-evaluation, emphasizing ruthlessness and lack of empathy underpins those visionary achievements. Both draw on extensive interview with people at the heart of 73. ____________

74. ____________

75. ____________

76. ____________

第12 页共13 页

Jobs’s professional and personal lives. Together they are likely to

significantly alter public perceptions of a man who remains widely revered a hero for bringing the iMac, iTunes, iPad and iPhone into the world.

The biggest film at the New York and London film festivals next month is Steve Jobs, starring Michael Fassbender as the enigmatic, Zen-influencing chief executive. It is written by Aaron Sorkin, writer of The West Wing and directed by Danny Boyle, who made Slumdog Millionaire.

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Boyle’s film follows the relief of a searing new documentary, Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine, made by Alex Gibney, who won an Academy Award for Taxi to the Dark Side, the Afghanistan conflict documentary. 77. ____________

78. ____________

79. ____________

80. ____________

81. ____________

82. ____________

第13 页共13 页

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Actual Fix Time 实际修改时间Assigned To 被分配给Closed in Version 被关闭的版本Closing Date 关闭日期Defect ID 缺陷编号Description 描述Detected By 被（谁）发现Detected in Version 被发现的版本Detected on Date 被发现的日期Estimated Fix Time 估计修改的时间Modified 修正Planned Closing Version计划关闭的版本Priority 优先级Project 项目R&D Comments 研发人员备注Reproducible 可重现Severity 严重程度Status 状态Summary 概要Creation Date 创建日期Description 描述Designer 设计人员Estimated DevTime 估计设计和生成测试的时间Execution Status 执行状态Modified 修正Path 路径Status 状态Steps 步骤Template 模版Test Name 测试名称Type 类型Actual 实际结果Description 描述Exec Date 执行日期Exec Time 执行时间Expected 期望结果Source Test 测试资料Status 状态Step Name 步骤名称Duration 执行的期限Exec Date 执行日期Exec Time 执行时间

Host 主机Operating System 操作系统OS Build Number 操作系统生成的编号OS Service Pack 操作系统的服务软件包Run Name 执行名称Run VC Status 执行VC 的状态Run VC User 执行VC 的用户Run VC Version 执行VC 的版本Status 状态Test Version 测试版本Tester 测试员Attachment 附件Author 作者Cover Status 覆盖状态Creation Date 创建日期Creation Time 创建时间Description 描述Modified 修正Name 名称Priority 优先级Product 产品ReqID 需求编号Reviewed 被检查Type 类型Exec Date 执行日期Modified 被修正Planned Exec Date 计划执行的日期Planned Exec Time 计划执行的时间Planned Host Name 计划执行的主机名称Responsible Tester 负责测试的人员Status 状态Test Version 测试的版本Tester 测试员Time 时间Close Date 关闭日期Description 描述Modified 修正Open Date 开放日期Status 状态Test Set 测试集合Acceptance testing（验收测试），系统开

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