高考英语阅读理解核心笔记上课讲义

高考英语阅读理解核心笔记

主讲教师：李辉

李辉老师高考英语辅导专家，北京

新东方高考英语资深主讲教师。新浪教

育、搜狐教育、腾讯教育、学科网高考

英语命题分析文章撰稿人。高考英语

140分，全国大学生英语竞赛一等奖。

善于运用理工科思维破解高考英语提分

密码，提出“语法即心法”教学理念，反

对“死记硬背学单词”、“生搬硬套学语

法”，独创“组件分析法”、“BTEEC结构

化阅读法”、“五步造句法”等独特教学方

法，教会学生“化整为零读句子”、“庖丁

解牛读段落”，帮助学生在最短时间之内

领悟英语本质、提高应试成绩。在北

京、山东、江苏、山西、陕西、河南、

河北、内蒙等地讲座百余

场，激励数十万学员“从

绝望中找到希望”，深受

各地师生喜爱。

【新浪微博：@小辉辉老

师】

阅读理解考你什么？

“阅读理解不是考你看完文章之后答出五道题，

而是通过五道题看你能否读懂这篇文章！”

【阅读理解文章中的三种信息】

1、有效信息：主题、重点

2、干扰信息：

3、无效信息：非重点

【读懂什么？】

1、主题：（段、篇）

2、重点：（读句子）

读懂主题和重点，就相当于读懂一篇文章了！

因此，阅读理解=抓主题+找重点！

阅读理解要学什么？

1、句子

a)“三长两短一并列”

i.在阅读中：

1.精读各段首末句（读懂主题）

2.精读由题干关键词定位到的重点信息句（读懂重点）

ii.在完型中：

精读每一句！

b)“组件分析三步法”

i.黑笔：画括号、方框、三角

ii.红笔：圈“挂钩单词”

iii.橙色荧光：固定搭配（）（）

iv.绿色荧光：生词

2、段落

【定义】“按照一定的逻辑组合在一起的句子的集合。”

a)分析句子的功能：

i.B：Background 背景

ii.T：Topic 主题

iii.E：Explanation 解释

iv.E’: Example例子

v.C: Conclusion 总结

b)“结构化”阅读法：

最低目标：标出各段主题句

最高目标：标出各句话的功能（BTEEC）

【注】

主题：某句、某段、某文章所指向的对象

主旨：对于主题的描述

3、篇章

a)记叙文：

关注“时间词”；“议论句”；”心情句”；

（叙事说理）（叙事抒情）b)说明文：关注各段主题句

i.从不同方面说明一个事物

ii.从不同阶段说明一个事物

c)社会科学类：

i.社会现象/社会问题（负态度）：

个别→一般→分析原因→建议措施→总结展望ii.社会生活片段：各段主题句

1.明确主题：

2.明确态度：（正态度）

d)自然科学类：

i.【自然现象】→假说（理论）→实验→结论ii.【科学实验】研究对象→研究过程→实验结论

e)应用文（广告）：找！

4、题型

a)主旨题

i.main idea; purpose; title

ii.“先主题，后主旨”

iii.“假设法”：假设主旨是该选项，反推原文是否应当这样写；

iv.四个选项中，总有两个选项比较抽象（论点）；另外两个选项比较具体（论据）；此时，优先排除具体选项，再选择这两个具体选项所支持的抽象选项。

v.读：首段首句、首段尾句、每段首句、尾段尾句。

b)细节题：找+读懂一句

i.关键词原则：

1.人名、地名、数字、年代、时间、日期、大写；

2.核心名词；核心动词；形容词副词的比较级或最高级

ii.主题一致原则（对号入座）

1.利用题干主题和段落主题的对应关系，判断该题应该在哪一段。

2.“先主题，后细节”：正确选项应与段落及篇章主题契合。

3.答题时，一般不跨越段落寻找答案。

iii.顺序一致原则：

1.题目的先后顺序和对应的有效信息在原文中的顺序是基本一致的

2.当文章段落特别多的时候，可能有例外。

iv.同义替换原则：

1.题干关键词或正确选项是原文句子的“同义替换”。

2.纯技巧：当句子读不懂时，选择跟原文信息“同义替换”的选项。

5、选项

a)正确选项：符合主题、同义替换

b)错误选项：【阅读理解七宗罪】（重要）

1)以偏概全：主旨题

2)偷换概念：原文中的A事物和选项中的A事物含义不同。（含有数字的选

项）

a)张冠李戴：将文中两事物的属性搞混；

b)正反混淆：将原文含义颠倒黑白。

c)无中生有：选项含有与原文无关的内容（名、形、动、副）。

3)移花接木：跨段落设置干扰选项。

4)答非所问+照抄原文*：以原文某句话直接作答，但该句话无法回答所问的问

题。

5)语法变异：

a)“修饰词程度”变异；

b)“比较关系”变异；

c)“时态”变异；

6)逻辑变异：

a)因果倒置

b)过度推断

c)绝对化（不合常识）

7)与主题不符：

选项本身讲得很对，但并不是本文主要讨论的内容。

【总结】阅读理解解题步骤：

Step1:用“点面结合法”读文章，了解各段主题；

首段首句，首段尾句，每段首句，尾段尾句。

--如果首句之后有But；要看but之后的内容

--如果首句之后有because；要看because之后的内容

--如果有“自问自答”处，问题给主题，答语给主旨

注：主要看名词，因为“核心名词 = 文章主题”。

Step2:做细节题（找+//读一整句//+对照+排除）

找：1、人名、地名、数字、年代、时间、日期、大写字母；

2、核心名词、核心动词、形容词副词的比较级和最高级

技巧：“顺序一致原则”、”同义替换原则”…

Step3:做主旨题（假设法、论点论据分析法）

【小技巧】

1、注汉字的地方就是命题老师认为不得不读懂的地方！

2、并列处先不读；并列处要么不选，要么全选；

3、人名后面的身份不读；

4、各种“过程”不读；

【过渡词专项练习】这里面除了练习一些过渡词，还练习了一些黄金圣衣句型

【2005 年湖北卷】 (in fact, in my opinion,for one reason, so, for another reason, therefore)

I'm very glad to have received the letter you sent me two weeks ago. I've been think-ing about the question you asked me. __________, You should come back after you finish your studies abroad.

__________, what you are studying is badly needed nowadays in China. It will be quite easy for you to find a good job. ___________, I know a few big companies in our city are hoping to hire people like you.

____________, I think it will be much more convenient for you to look after your parents as they are getting old. I think it's a good idea for you to return. _______________, what are you waiting for?

答案：In my opinion, For one reason, In fact, For another reason, Therefore, So

【2005 年福建卷】 (in my opinion, it is known to us all, what’ s more, on the other hand, so, but, instead of )

My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations

___________that some students cheat in examinations at school.As students, we often take examinations at school._________, sometimes we have too many examinations which are too difficult for us. _________, some of us are lazy and don’ t work hard at our lessons. ___________, when taking examinations, they sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.

_________, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it breaks the rules of schools. We students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard __________ cheating in examinations._________ ,we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations.

答案：It’ s known to us all, but, On the other hand, So, In my opinion, instead of, What's more

点评：这里的on the other hand有点不地道，anyway，这就是中国高考！

【2006 年福建卷】 (as we all know, only in this way, surely, therefore, in my opinion, however, as well as, besides)

__________, we are what we eat.__________, it’ s very important for us to form healthy eating habits.

__________, bad eating habits are still very common among us students. Some of us often go to school without breakfast; some like to have snacks; some others are particular about food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these bad habits will __________do harm to our health.

To keep fit, we should have various healthy diets, which generally include proper amounts of fish, meat, vegetables, fruit______ main food. ________, we'd better have meals regularly.

_____________ , we should try to develop healthy eating habits to build up a strong body.___________ can we have enough energy to study better.

答案：As we all know, Therefore, However, surely, as well as, Besides, In my opinion, Only in this way

高考英语易错题专题训练-阅读理解练习题及答案解析

一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Since we've headed into the snowy part of the year, it seems like a good time to solve a language puzzle that Eskimos have a huge number of words for snow. The idea was popularized by the now well-known expert Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s. His number was approximately five Eskimo words for snow, but somehow the story was so wide spread and romantic that it got out of control and grew bigger and bigger. There are two problems with the concept of Eskimos having tons of words for snow. First, Eskimos speak at least two different languages—Inuit and Yupik. Just as we have talked about how English and many other languages developed from a common language called Proto-Indo-European, Inuit and Yupik come from a different common language called Eskimo-Aleut. So saying Eskimos have 100 words for snow is like saying Europeans have 100 words for kings or queens. It might be telling you something broad about culture, but it isn't really telling you much about language. The second problem is "What is a word?” The Inuit and Yupik languages make words in different ways from how we make words in English. For example, the West Greenlandic word 'siku,' (sea ice), is used as the root for 'sikursuit (pack ice), 'Sikuliaq (new ice), and 'sikurluk (melting ice). But it's not that West Greenlandic has so many more words for describing snow than English, it's just that West Greenlandic expresses ideas by combining meaningful units of language together into one word while English uses more phrases and compounds. We express all the same ideas; we just do it a little differently because of the way our language is built. So you're probably still wondering, "If it's not 50 or 100 or 400 words, how many is it?" Well, Woodbury lists 15 that are present in a Yupik dictionary published in 1984, but he says that depending on how you look at it this is not an exact number. It could be 12; it could be 24. But it's certainly not 100. Sometimes, the "hundred words for snow" puzzle is used to argue that because Eskimos have so many words for snow, they think about snow in ways that we can't even begin to imagine—that your language decides or limits your thoughts. Languages are just different. They don't decide what we are able to think about or are not able to think about. I can think about snow floating on water even if we don't have a word for that in English. So when you're out skiing or snowboarding or just shoveling your driveway this winter, don't believe the people who try to tell you that Eskimos have 100 words for snow. （1）Why are Eskimos thought to have so many words for snow? A. Because snow is everywhere where Eskimos live. B. Because the story about it got enriched and believed. C. Because snow is of great importance to Eskimos. D. Because Eskimos have great affection for snow. （2）How does the writer explain the first problem? A. By presenting figures. B. By making comparisons. C. By quoting sayings. D. By adopting idioms.

高考英语阅读理解训练50篇

阅读理解训练50篇（1） 1 Doctors say anger can be an extremely damaging emotion, unless you learn how to deal with it. They warn that anger can lead to heart disease, stomach problems, headaches, emotional problems and possibly cancer. Anger is a normal emotion that we all feel from time to time. Some people express anger openly in a calm reasonable way. Others burst with anger, and scream and yell.But other people keep their anger inside. They can not or will not express it. This is called repressing anger. For years many doctors thought that repressing anger was more dangerous to a person's health than expressing it. They said that when a person is angry, the brain releases the same hor- mones (荷尔蒙).They speed the heart rate, raise blood pressure, or sugar into the blood, etC．In general the person feels excited and ready to act. Some doctors say that both repressing and expressing anger can be dangerous. They believe that those who express anger violently may be more likely to develop heart disease, and they believe that those who keep their anger inside may face a greater danger of high blood pressure. Doctors say the solution is learning how to deal with anger. They say the first step is to admit that you are angry and to recognize the real cause of the anger, then decide if the cause is serious enough to get angry about. If it is, they say, “Do not express your anger while angry. Wait until your anger has cooled down and you are able to express yourself calmly and reasonably.” Doctors say that a good way to deal with anger is to find humor in the situation that has made you angry. They said that laughter is much healthier than anger. 1．“Damaging emotion” means t hat _________. A．the emotion is harmless B．the emotion is harmful C．the feeling is very strong D．the feeling is hard 2．What statement is right? A．Were you angry, you would be cancered (得癌症). B．Once you are angry, you must be cancered. C．Angry as you are often, you can't be cancered, D．Anger may cause you a cancer. 3．Expressing anger violently _________ repressing it according to some scientists. A．is just the same as B．is more harmful than C．is no better than D．is much better than 4．According to the author, you'd better _________. A．never be angry B．cool it down before you express it C．laugh and laugh when you get angry D．admit you are wrong when you are angry 二

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇(附答案)

高考英语阅读理解专项训练100篇 (名师传授解题技巧+实战练习，值得下载) 一、阅读理解解题技巧 阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。 1．首先解题时要充满自信。由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。 2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。

3．对症下药，各个击破。了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策： （1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how 等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源，同时注意题目和文章中的暗示作用。特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。 （2）推理判断题：此题要求我们通过表面文字信息去推测文章隐含的意思，对文章的发展情节及作者的态度、意图等做出合乎逻辑的的推理判断。这种题要求我们在阅读时要抓住文章的主题和细节、从分析文章的结构入手，根据上下文的内在联系，充分挖掘文章的深层含义。对暗含在文章中事件的因果关系，人物的动机，以及作者未言明的倾向、态度、意图、观点进行合乎逻辑的推理、分析和判断。同时善于抓住文中实质性的东西，不要被带假象的表面信息或似是而非的东西所迷惑。并且注意推断作者态度时要力求从作者的态度、观点去思考，切勿想当然，凭个人的观点习惯看法来回答的问题。 （3）数据推算题：此题要求我们就文章提供的数据，以及数据与文章中其他信息的关系做出计算和推断，然后做出选择。这就要求我们解题时，要在理解好题意的前提下去对与数据有关的信息认真分析，若数据信息较多，还要注意弄清数据之间的关系，同时分清有用与无用信息，最终作出正确判断。 （4）主旨大意题：此题用以考查我们对文章主题或中心思想的领会和理解能力。在解答此类试题时要注意每段的中心句，抓住每一段的主题句。一般主题句都用来表达一段主旨大意，因此，只要找准每段的主题句，文章的中心思想和文章的最佳标题也就不难确定了。

高考英语阅读理解核心笔记(学生)

高考英语阅读理解核心笔记 “阅读理解不是考你看完文章之后答出五道题，而是通过五道题看你能否读懂这篇文章！” 阅读理解的主要题型 一、主旨大意 （一）常见的提问方式： (1) The best title/headline for this passage is _______. (2) The passage (or the first paragraph) is mainly about ________. (3) What is the main idea/topic/purpose/subject of the passage? (4) Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? (5) The passage chiefly discusses/deals with ________. (6) Which of the following best states the theme of the passage? (7) What topic is treated in the passage?

(8) The passage makes clear that ________. (9) Which of the following best sum up the passage? （二）怎样挖掘文章主旨 1、依照中心词确定主题。 2、抓住主题句来确定主题 （1）识别主题句与细节 ① raises some farm animals. ② has 30 cows, about 300 hens and he keeps some pigs as well. (2)主题句的定位（分析文章结构） ①开门见山，点出主题（主题句出现在开头） ②详细论证，总结陈词（主题句出现在结尾） ③引题过渡，引出主题（主题句出现在中间） （三）技巧及注意事项 （1）无论它出现在题目当中哪个位置，都建议作为最后一道题去做，因为做完其它题目以后会对主旨的理解有帮助。 （2）主旨在文章中间时，遇到文章前后段意思转折，要提高警惕。 （3）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的解答就是文章主旨。 （4）正确选项不出现细节信息，不含过分肯定和绝对意义的词，覆盖面不能过大也不能过小。 二、细节理解 （一）常见的提问方式： (1) Which of the following is NOT included/ mentioned in the passage? (2) Which of the following (sentences /statements) is NOT true? (3) According to the passage, all of the following are true except/but _____. (4) Choose the right order of the events given in the passage. (5) Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of…? (6) Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what …is like? （二）常见的细节理解题型及解题方法： 1）排序题。 方法：“首尾定位法”（找出第一个动作和最后的一个动作，缩小选择范围） 2）图形辨认题 方法：“按文索图法”（找出描绘图形的句段，进行文图对照） 3）数字换算题 方法：“列表推算法”（找出与题干相关的数据列表或推算） 4）表格理解题 方法：“文表分析法”（把题干、选项与表格对照分析） 5）应用广告类事实信息题 方法：“题干定位法”（直接阅读题干，在文中找答案，不必阅读全文） （三）技巧及注意事项

高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析

高考英语阅读理解专项训练及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world. Westerners' understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸，拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps，back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016. As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs. Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs. Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou's winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China's TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time. （1）Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps? A. Because he was injured in his swimming. B. Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment. C. Because westerners know a little about TCM. D. Because westerners attach great importance to TCM. （2）Why don't some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine? A. Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases. B. Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture. C. Because Western medicine is more effective. D. Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly. （3）Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4? A. The methods of planting herbs. B. The effectiveness of prescription. C. Lacking in standardization. D. Its stable functions.

(英语)高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案

（英语）高三英语阅读理解专项训练及答案 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 The setting was a packed gymnasium just before the start of a game against another school. There were five girls who were members of the Danville High School basketball team—all of them starters. They were not in uniform to play that night and would not be on the team for the rest of this season. They were there to admit their breaking of team rules. They were there to support their coach's decision to take them off the team. They were there to let the town know there was a problem in their little community that needed to be addressed. And they did it with sincere regret rather than defensiveness. While the school had been out for the New Year's holiday, the five girls had gone to the party with several of their friends. There was alcohol there. And they all drank some. Coach Rainville has a zero tolerance rule on drugs and alcohol for her members though it was a hard decision to make. When classes resumed and accounts of holiday parties were shared, rumors about the five girls began closing in on them. The coach said she couldn't back down on her rules. And the players—two junior students and three senior students—agreed. That night in the gym was part of their public support of the coach's decision. “We hope you will understand that we are not bad kids. What we did was definitely not worth it. We hope this event will make everyone realize that there is a big drug and alcohol problem in our community,” one of the senior students said, “And if you work with us to try to solve this problem, you will help us feel that we have not been thrown off our basketball team for nothing.” The five left the floor to deafening applause. The team may not win another game this year. But they've learnt something about personal responsibility, the effect of one's action on others, and honesty that will serve them well throughout life. （1）It can be inferred from the passage that the five girls who were kicked off the team were ________. A. very good players on the team B. addicted to alcohol and drugs C. three junior students and two senior students D. scolded by their parents for drinking alcohol （2）What did the girls do to support their coach's decision? A. They didn't fight for Danville High School any more. B. They all gave speeches to apologize in the local press. C. They admitted their mistake in public in the gymnasium. D. They would never drink any alcohol throughout their life. （3）Which word best describes the coach Rainville? A. Indifferent. B. Strict. C. Stubborn. D. Cruel. （4）Which would be the best title for the passage? A. Growing up with pain B. A bad mistake C. Team rules are everything D. Basketball girls in high school 【答案】（1）A

高考英语阅读理解核心笔记与高频词汇

高考英语阅读理解核心笔记与高频词汇 阅读理解考你什么？ “阅读理解不是考你看完文章之后答出五道题，而是通过五道题看你能否读懂这篇文章！”【阅读理解文章中的三种信息】 1、有效信息：主题、重点 2、干扰信息： 3、无效信息：非重点 【读懂什么？】 1、主题：（段、篇） 2、重点：（读句子）读懂主题和重点，就相当于读懂一篇文章了！因此，阅读理解=抓主题+找重点！ 阅读理解要学什么？ 1、句子 a) “三长两短一并列” i. 在阅读中： 1. 精读各段首末句（读懂主题） 2. 精读由题干关键词定位到的重点信息句（读懂重点） ii. 在完型中： 精读每一句！ b) “组件分析三步法”c) 作业：彻底读懂（消化）120篇文章i. 黑笔：画括号、方框、三角ii. 红笔：圈“挂钩单词”iii. 橙色荧光：固定搭配（）（）iv. 绿色荧光：生词 2、段落 【定义】“按照一定的逻辑组合在一起的句子的集合。” a) 分析句子的功能： i. B：Background 背景 ii. T：Topic 主题 iii. E：Explanation 解释 iv. E’: Example例子 v. C: Conclusion 总结 b) “结构化”阅读法： 最低目标：标出各段主题句 最高目标：标出各句话的功能（BTEEC）【注】 主题：某句、某段、某文章所指向的对象主旨：对于主题的描述 3、篇章 a) 记叙文：关注“时间词”；“议论句”；”心情句”； （叙事说理）（叙事抒情） b) 说明文：关注各段主题句i. 从不同方面说明一个事物ii. 从不同阶段说明一个事物 c) 社会科学类： i. 社会现象/社会问题（负态度）： 个别一般分析原因建议措施总结展望 ii. 社会生活片段：各段主题句 1. 明确主题：

高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析

高考英语阅读理解练习题及答案及解析 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 I was born on the 17th of November 1828, in the village of Nam Ping, which is about four miles southwest of the Portuguese Colony (殖民地) of Macao, and is located on Pedro Island lying west of Macao, from which it is separated by a channel of half a mile wide. As early as 1834, an English lady, Mrs. Gutzlaff, wife of a missionary to China, came to Macao. Supported by the Ladies' Association in London for the promotion of female education in India and the East, she immediately took up the work of starting a girls' school for Chinese girls, which was soon followed by the opening of a boys' school. Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school and it was doubtlessly through his influence and means that my father got me admitted into the school. It has always been a mystery to me why my parents should put me into a foreign school, instead of a traditional Confucian school, where my big brother was placed. Most certainly such a step would have been more suitable for Chinese public opinion, taste, and the wants of the country, than to allow me to attend an English school. Moreover, a Chinese belief is the only avenue in China that leads to political promotion, influence, power and wealth. I can only guess that as foreign communication with China was just beginning to grow, my parents hoped that it might be worthwhile to put one of their sons to learning English. In this way he might become an interpreter and have a more advantageous position to enter the business and diplomatic world. I am wondering if that influenced my parents to put me into Mrs. Gutzlaff's School. As to what other sequences it has eventually brought about in my later life, they were entirely left in the hands of God. （1）How was the author admitted to Mrs. Gutzlaff's school? A. Through his father's friend's help. B. Through his own efforts to exams. C. Through his father's request. D. Through Mrs. Gutzlaff's influence. （2）Why did the author's parents put him into an English school？ A. An English school was more influential. B. Foreign trade with China was developing fast. C. It met with Chinese public opinion. D. He could become a successful interpreter. （3）What did the author think of his parents' decision to put him into an English school? A. It was skeptical. B. It was mysterious. C. It was thoughtful. D. It was wonderful.【答案】（1）A （2）D （3）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，小时候父亲送作者去英语学校而不是中文学校，并分析了具体原因。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Mrs. Gutzlaff's comprador(买办) happened to come from my village and was actually my father's friend and neighbor. It was through him that my parents heard about Mrs. Gutzlaff's school”可知，作者是通过父亲朋友的帮助进入到Mrs.

哈默而核心能力的概念读书笔记

哈默而《核心能力的概念》读书笔记 一、作者介绍 哈默而 ( Gary Hamel ) 是 Strategos 公司的董事长暨创办人，也是前伦敦商学院战略及国际管理教授。哈默而被《经济学家》( Economists ) 杂志誉为“世界一流的战略大师”，畅销书《第五项修炼》和 The Dance of Change 的作者彼得·圣吉 ( Peter Senge ) 則赞誉他为“西方世界在战略领域最具影响力的思想家之一”。由于他提出的一系列管理观念，彻底改变了许多知名成功企业的战略重心和内容，他已跻身全球名列前茅的管理思想家。 哈默而与普哈拉(C. K. Prahalad)1990 年在 Harvard Business Review 发表的《核心能力》 (Core Competence) 一文，至今已被奉为经典。此后他在重要期刊发表了许多文章，影响巨大。他的书不多，但每本均受到极大关注。他与普哈拉合著的 Competing for the Future 曾被《经济学家》( Economists )、《金融时报》(Financial Times)、《华盛顿邮报》(Washington Post)等报刊评选为近十年来最具影响力的管理书籍之一。该书认为，企业要追求持久发展，就必须把握未来趋势、建立战略架构、组织核心能力。他提出，战略家或企业领袖必须打破旧有的思想框架，忘却过去的成功模式，转而以开放的胸怀去思考、接受不同的经营架构，在创新中掌握竞争优势。

二、文章内容 1、核心能力的概念及特征 核心竞争力(Core Competence)这一概念是1990年，普拉哈拉德和哈默而在《哈佛商业评论》上发表的“企业核心能力”一文中提出的，他们指出，所谓的核心能力，是“组织中的积累性学识，特别是关于如何协调不同生产技能和有机结合多种技术流的学识。”核心能力是一组技能和技术的集合体，而不是某一单个的技术和技能，通俗地说，企业核心竞争力是企业长期形成的，含于企业内质中的，企业独具的，支撑企业过去、现在和未来竞争优势，并使企业在竞争环境中能够长时间取得主动的关键的能力。企业的一般竞争力，如营销竞争力，研发竞争力，理财竞争力，产品竞争力等，只是企业某一方面的竞争力，而企业核心竞争力是处在核心地位的，影响全局的竞争力，是一般竞争力的统领。例如，微型化是索尼公司的核心竞争力、它不仅包括产品设计和生产上的微型化，还包括对未来市场需求微型化选择模式的引导等等。一般来说，核心竞争力有以下主要的特征： 1.1重视用户价值 核心能力必须特别有助于实现用户看重的价值。那些能够使企业为用户提供根本性好处的技能，才能称得上是核心能力。例如，本田公司在发动机方面的技能称为核心能力，因为此能力可以为用户提供很有价值的好处：节省油、易发